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1.
三唑酮对绿豆幼苗叶片衰老的延缓作用   总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26  
三唑酮处理可提高离体绿豆(PhaseolusradiatusL.)幼苗叶片叶绿素和蛋白质含量。叶片衰老过程中超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(AsAPOD)活性及抗坏血酸(AsA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量降低。20mg/L三唑酮可提高POD、AsAPOD活性和AsA、GSH含量,对SOD、CAT活性无影响。丙二醛(MDA)含量在叶片衰老过程中提高,并与POD、AsAPOD活性和AsA、GSH含量呈显著负相关,三唑酮可降低MDA含量。表明三唑酮有提高植物对膜脂过氧化作用的保护能力,延缓叶片的衰老作用。  相似文献   

2.
锰对大豆若干生理特性的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用水培法研究锰对浙春2号和浙春3号大豆根系活力及叶片脯氨酸、丙二醛和蛋白质的影响。结果表明,适量锰处理可提高大豆根系活力,降低叶片中脯氨酸、蛋白质和丙二醛含量;锰过量,不利于大豆生长。两个大豆品种对锰的反应有差异,浙春3号对锰的敏感性大于浙春2号。  相似文献   

3.
铝胁迫对大豆叶片光合特性的影响   总被引:38,自引:2,他引:36       下载免费PDF全文
以大豆浙春2号、浙春3号和9703等3个品种(系)为材料,设置不同铝处理浓度,研究了铝对大豆叶片光合作用特性的影响.结果表明,铝处理抑制了大豆叶片叶绿素的合成,降低了大豆叶片叶绿素含量(5%~35%),使a/b值下降,气孔阻力增加10%~35%,气孔导度降低10%~40%,光合速率和蒸腾速率分别下降了5%~40%和20%~50%,水分利用率下降15%~50%.可见,铝胁迫对大豆叶片的光合作用产生了一定的抑制,且这种抑制在大豆5叶期表现较初荚期明显.此外,3个大豆品种对铝毒的反应存在一定的基因型差异.  相似文献   

4.
人为干扰对亚热带森林木本植物叶片抗氧化能力的影响   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:10  
旅游、宗教活动及工厂废气等不同类型的人为干扰引起亚热带森林木本植物荷木和马尾松叶片膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量明显增加,超氧歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ASA-POD)活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量则减少。荷木叶片的MDA高于怪尾构,而SOD、CAT、ASA-POD活性和GSH含量却低于马尾松。人为干扰使荷木和马尾松叶片蛋白总量降低,酪蛋白水解酶、氨肽酶和内肽  相似文献   

5.
三唑酮对黄瓜子叶抗氧化酶活力的影响   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
黄瓜子叶衰老过程中超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸-过氧化物酶(ASA-POD)活性降低,而过氧化物酶(POD)活性升高。20mg/L三唑酮右明显提高SOD,ASA-POD,CAT活性,抑制POD活性升高。膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量在叶片衰老过程中提高,三唑酮可降低MDA含量。表明三唑酮减轻脂氧化程度,延缓了叶片的衰老。  相似文献   

6.
两个品种的大豆叶圆片经10-4mol/L和10-3mol/L的H2O2处理12h后,超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)与谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性明显增加,但10-2mol/L的H2O2处理却使这些酶活性降低。抗旱性较强的大豆品种小粒豆1号较抗旱性较弱的鲁豆4号能维持较高的叶绿素含量和较高的SOD、CAT及GR活性,对H2O2的抗性较强。50μmol/L的亚胺环已酮(CHM)能消除H2O2对SOD、CAT与GR活性的刺激作用,而同样浓度的放线菌素D(AMD)则不能。  相似文献   

7.
臭氧对冬小麦叶片膜保护系统的影响   总被引:31,自引:3,他引:28  
金明红  冯宗炜 《生态学报》2000,20(3):444-447
通过开顶式气室(OTCs)研究臭氧对冬小麦不同发育时期(抗节期、抽穗期、灌浆期)的叶片膜保护系统的影响。实验结果表明,在自氧胁迫下,小麦叶片叶绿素a、b含量明显下降,膜透性增加、丙二醛(MDA)含量上升,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性开始上升后转为逐渐下降,过氧化特(POD)活性逐渐或急剧上升。臭氧诱导了活怀氧生成,影响了抗氧化酶的活性,造成活性氧产生和清除之间的不平衡,促进了膜脂过氧化,对叶片膜保护系  相似文献   

8.
抗旱性不同的两个大豆品种对外源H2O2的响应   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
两个品种的大豆叶圆片经10^-4mol/L和10^-3mol/L的H2O2处理12h后,超氧化岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)与谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性明显增加,但10^-2mol/L的H2O2处理却使这些酶活性降低。抗旱性较强的大豆品种小粒豆1号较抗旱性较弱的鲁豆4号能维持较高的叶绿素含量和较高的SOD、CAT及GR活性,对H2O2的抗性较强。50μmol/L的亚胺环已酮(CHM)能消除  相似文献   

9.
紫外光B辐射对菠菜叶片脂质过氧化作用的影响   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
菠菜(SpinaciaoleraceaMil.)品种“华菠一号”生长在室内条件下,以0.0和13.0kJ·m-2·d-1的UVB进行照射处理,研究了UVB对菠菜叶片内类黄酮和脂质过氧化作用的影响。结果表明:UVB辐射降低了菠菜的单株叶鲜重,诱导了体内吸收UVB的类黄酮化合物的大量积累,并使可溶性蛋白含量与叶绿素含量下降。UVB辐射能使菠菜叶片内O-·2及丙二醛(MDA)含量大幅度上升,而使抗坏血酸(AsA)含量下降。UVB辐射能使菠菜叶片内过氧化物酶(POX)、SOD的活性大幅度上升,而过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性仅略有增加。初步推测:UVB辐射首先诱导菠菜叶片内O-·2的积累,并导致膜脂质过氧化作用,从而抑制菠菜生长。O-·2的积累能诱导抗氧化酶活性的上升,但抗氧化酶活性的上升和吸收UV的类黄酮化合物的积累并不能扭转UVB对菠菜的伤害。  相似文献   

10.
NaCl胁迫对螺旋藻生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响   总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21  
在01%~5.0%NaCl浓度范围的培养基中培养极大螺旋藻(Spirulinamaxima),发现NaCl浓度高于2.0%时螺旋藻生长受到明显抑制。培养7天后测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ASAPOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明:在盐胁迫下,SOD酶活性升高;抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性在低盐胁迫下活性升高,高盐胁迫下抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性迅速降低,过氧化物酶则完全失活;MDA含量先随盐胁迫程度增加而降低,后随盐胁迫的进一步增强恢复至对照水平。  相似文献   

11.
目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。  相似文献   

12.
国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
张龙 《昆虫知识》2011,48(4):804-810
本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...  相似文献   

13.
N -substituted phenothiazines (PTs) and phenoxazines (POs) catalyzed by fungal Coprinus cinereus peroxidase and Polyporus pinsitus laccase were investigated at pH 4–10. In the case of peroxidase, an apparent bimolecular rate constant (expressed as k cat/K m) varied from 1 ×107 M−1 s−1to 2.6×108 M−1 s−1 at pH 7.0. The constants for PO oxidation were higher in comparison to PT. pH dependence revealed two or three ionizable groups with pK a values of 4.9–5.7 and 7.7–9.7 that significantly affected the activity of peroxidase. Single-turnover experiments showed that the limiting step of PT oxidation was reduction of compound II and second-order rate constants were obtained which were consistent with the constants at steady-state conditions. Laccase-catalyzed PT and PO oxidation rates were lower; apparent bimolecular rate constants varied from 1.8×105 M−1 s−1 to 2.0×107 M−1 s−1 at pH 5.3. PO constants were higher in comparison to PT, as was the case with peroxidase. The dependence of the apparent bimolecular constants of compound II or copper type 1 reduction, in the case of peroxidase or laccase, respectively, was analyzed in the framework of the Marcus outer-sphere electron-transfer theory. Peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with PT, as well as PO, fitted the same hyperbolic dependence with a maximal oxidation rate of 1.6×108 M−1 s−1 and a reorganization energy of 0.30 eV. The respective parameters for laccase were 5.0×107 M−1 s−1 and 0.29 eV. Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000  相似文献   

14.
The nanomechanical properties of the coiled-coils of myosin are fundamentally important in understanding muscle assembly and contraction. Force spectra of single molecules of double-headed myosin, single-headed myosin, and coiled-coil tail fragments were acquired with an atomic force microscope and displayed characteristic triphasic force-distance responses to stretch: a rise phase (R) and a plateau phase (P) and an exponential phase (E). The R and P phases arise mainly from the stretching of the coiled-coils, with the hinge region being the main contributor to the rise phase at low force. Only the E phase was analyzable by the worm-like chain model of polymer elasticity. Restrained molecular mechanics simulations on an existing x-ray structure of scallop S2 yielded force spectra with either two or three phases, depending on the mode of stretch. It revealed that coiled-coil chains separate completely near the end of the P phase and the stretching of the unfolded chains gives rise to the E phase. Extensive conformational searching yielded a P phase force near 40 pN that agreed well with the experimental value. We suggest that the flexible and elastic S2 region, particularly the hinge region, may undergo force-induced unfolding and extend reversibly during actomyosin powerstroke.  相似文献   

15.
以白术(Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.)二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶(POD)的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

16.
研究放牧对草地植物生理活动的影响,对于揭未草地放牧演替的生理机制有重要意义,大量研究表明,家畜放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用以及C和N吸收与转运的影响,可以分为生理伤害和生理恢复2个阶段,放牧通过改变草地冠层结构影响牧草光合作用,净光合作用速率短期内迅速下降,随着叶面积指数增加又逐渐上升,呼吸作用有相似的变化趋势,牧草放牧后再生长所需的C和N最初主要来自根系和留茬中的贮藏物质,此后随着牧草生长恢复逐渐由同化作用供给,C代谢与土壤N水平负相关,放牧后牧草生理活动变化与牧草遗传特性、种间竞争、家畜放牧特征、非生物环境等因素密切相关。  相似文献   

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19.
3-O-Carboxymethylcoumestrol was prepared as the hapten for immunoassay by a partial alkylation of coumestrol with ethyl chloroacetate in acetone alkalized with potassium carbonate. 3-O-Ethoxycarbonylmethylcoumestrol was separated by column chromatography and finally was hydrolyzed with formic acid. 1H and 13C NMR data (APT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) revealed that the reaction was regioselective, as 3-O-ethoxycarboxymethylcoumestrol was the only monosubstituted derivative. The hapten was then conjugated to bovine serum albumin and used for immunization of rabbits. A radioimmunoassay (RIA) system was established based on the polyclonal antiserum and a 125I-labeled hapten-tyrosine methyl ester conjugate as the radioligand. Parameters of the RIA: sensitivity: 12 pg per tube, 50% intercept: 140 pg per tube, working range: 20-4000 pg per tube. The cross-reactivity of a panel isoflavonoid and lignan phytoestrogens was either negligible (e.g. formononetin 0.07%; biochanin A 0.06%) or not detectable at all. The major immunoreactive peak in HPLC fractions from an alfalfa extract had the same retention time as coumestrol standard and represented 94.8% of the signal. The remaining 5.2% of immunoreactivity was distributed between five minor peaks. We conclude that after the validation for particular matrices, the method will be a useful tool for analysis of coumestrol, especially in low volume and low concentration samples.  相似文献   

20.
Summary Three wheats and one triticale were grown, up to flowering stage, in pots on calcareous soil adjusted to a range of salinities (S1=3.5, S2=6, S3=8.5, and S4=11 mmhos/cm, 20°C, soilpaste extract) by adding solution consisting of 3∶2∶1 of Na-, Ca- and Mg chlorides in chemical equivalent amounts. Moisture in the pots was kept at 100% (W1), 40% (W2) and 20% (W3) of the available water. The vegetative growth, nitrogen and phosphate were affected by S and W treatments, chloride was affected only by S. The interaction S×W affected only dry weight. Varietal effect was observed between wheat as a group and triticale. Multiple quadratic regression equations of these properties on salinity and water revealed that the higher the available water the wider the range of tolerable salinity. Triticale was relatively more tolerant to water stress. Salinity increases Cl and decreases N, whereas water stress enhances N accumulation to a certain extent. However, in triticale at S3 and S4 the effect of water stress on N was overshadowed by the excessive salinity. This did not occur for the wheat (Florence). P trends were described. R2 for P was low (0.7435–0.3603) which made interpretations rather difficult.  相似文献   

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