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1.
【目的】研究不同波长窄波段光谱LED诱虫灯对菜地昆虫的诱集效果,为合理利用LED诱虫灯提供依据。【方法】以市售长波紫外线太阳能LED诱虫灯为对照,调查12个窄波段光谱诱虫灯诱集菜地昆虫的种类和数量,监测菜地昆虫的发生动态。【结果】各波长诱虫灯诱集到的菜地趋光性害虫有莲藕潜叶摇蚊Stenochironomus nelumbus、甜菜白带野螟Hymenia recurvalis、斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura、八点广翅蜡蝉Ricania speculum、稻绿蝽Nezara viridula、黑条灰灯蛾Creatonotus gangis、东方蝼蛄Gryllotalpa orientalis、稻缘蝽Leptocorisa sp.和瓜实蝇Bactrocera cucurbitae,天敌昆虫为龟纹瓢虫Propylaea japonica、中华婪步甲Harpalus sinicus和黄足猎蝽Sirthenea flavipes,中性昆虫为缅甸蓝叶蚤Altica birmanensis、姬牙虫Sternolophus rufipes、毒隐翅虫Paederus sp.和齿甲Uloma sp.。其中,莲藕潜叶摇蚊、甜菜白带野螟和缅甸蓝叶蚤为灯下昆虫优势种,瓜实蝇、稻缘蝽和黄足猎蝽为少见种,其余为常见种。从诱集昆虫总量来看,数量最多的为440-445 nm蓝光灯,其次是460-470、390-400、410-420、380-390和450-460 nm诱虫灯。【结论】露地种植模式下菜地害虫的防治应结合菜地昆虫发生动态,在不同时段适时使用390-400、410-420、440-445和450-460nm诱虫灯,以有效诱杀菜地害虫,保护天敌昆虫。该研究结果不仅为露地种植模式下菜地害虫的预测预报和物理防控提供了参考,还为规范诱虫灯使用,为进一步开发高效智能LED诱虫灯奠定了基础。  相似文献   

2.
为了解红树植物植食性昆虫在不同季节、不同潮位和不同寄主植物上的种类、密度差异和主要特点及其对红树植物树冠层所造成的影响,进而分析植食性昆虫对红树植物群落演替的影响,在山口红树林保护区设置5个断面,分别于雨季(7月)和旱季(2月),在每个断面的高潮位(H)、中潮位(M)和低潮位(L)针对不同植物抽样,统计叶片被食率,记录植食性昆虫的种类和密度。植食性昆虫共有23种,其中鳞翅目有13种,半翅目8种,鞘翅目1种,直翅目1种,真螨目1种。主要昆虫种类有海榄雌瘤斑螟(Ptyomaxia sp.)、毛颚小卷蛾(Lasiognatha cellifera)、白囊袋蛾(Chalioides kondonis)、广翅蜡蝉(Ricania sp.)、潜叶蛾(Phyllocnistis sp.)和蛎盾蚧(Lepidosaphes sp.)。雨季和旱季的密度均为广翅蜡蝉较高(7.31头·枝-1);不同断面红树植物叶片被食率旱季为C5C2≥C3≥C1,雨季为C5C2≥C3≥C1C4;不同潮位的叶片被食率旱季为中潮位≥高潮位低潮位,雨季为中潮位低潮位≥高潮位;不同树种的叶片被食率旱季为秋茄≥桐花树≥红海榄≥白骨壤,雨季为秋茄桐花树白骨壤≥红海榄≥木榄≥无瓣海桑≥海漆。红树植物叶片上的昆虫多为小型个体,植食性为主,多具有卷叶习性和粘附特征;蚂蚁、寄生蜂和捕食性蜘蛛等天敌类昆虫种类较少,昆虫密度一旦增加,较大可能会变成害虫,从而对树冠层的稳定造成较大的影响。植食性昆虫可在一定程度上推动红树林群落的演替。  相似文献   

3.
红树林湿地是中国东南沿海的关键生态系统之一。近年来, 我国红树林陆续出现多种害虫种群暴发成灾的现象, 使红树林湿地的可持续利用面临严重挑战。本文归纳了近20年来中国红树林生态系统的主要害虫种类, 危害较严重的有海榄雌瘤斑螟Acrobasis sp., 毛颚小卷蛾Lasiognatha cellifera, 丽绿刺蛾Latoia lepida, 白囊袋蛾Chalioides kondonis, 蜡彩袋蛾Chalia larminati和小袋蛾Acanthopsyche subferalbata等; 对红树林虫害的防控现状进行总结, 目前开展的防控工作主要以生物农药、 昆虫生长调节剂、 昆虫天敌等生物防治方法为主, 结合灯光诱杀等物理防治手段的运用, 对暴发期的害虫种群可以取得较好的控制效果; 并从红树林生态系统健康水平和昆虫群落多样性等方面对害虫种群的成灾原因进行初步探讨; 最终提出以虫害可持续控制为目标的红树林生态系统生境调控策略, 以期为提高红树林湿地虫害管理水平以及促进红树林的可持续发展提供重要的理论参考和科学指导。  相似文献   

4.
甘蔗螟虫趋光性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
甘蔗螟虫具有趋光性,但不同种及性别之间对特定波长光的趋性差异没有详细研究。本文研究3种甘蔗螟虫的雌雄成虫对不同波长光波的行为反应,为该类害虫的灯诱防控应用提供参考依据。试验结果显示,条螟趋光率最高的3个波长为340 nm、460 nm、498 nm,趋光率分别为23.1%、18.2%、18.1%;二点螟趋光率最高的 4个 波长为498 nm、520 nm、380 nm、420 nm,趋光率分别为21.7%、17.2%、15.3%、13.2%;黄螟对各检测光源表现弱的趋光性,趋光率最高为9.2%(光波长582 nm)。3种螟虫不同日龄趋光性有强弱的差异,以3 d 趋光性最强,其次是1 d ,最后是5 d 。条螟、二点螟雌雄蛾趋光率有差异,雄蛾高于雌蛾;交配行为会降低螟蛾趋光率,条螟雄蛾交配前后降幅高达16.6%,已交配的条螟雌蛾则失去趋光反应;二点螟雄蛾交配前后降幅最高达21.7%,已交配的二点螟雌蛾趋光率也一样有较大幅下降,未交配的雌蛾与已交配的雌蛾同一波长的趋光率差异显著。条螟和二点螟主要趋光波长较接近,波段有较好的交集,诱虫灯的开发可以选择这2种虫趋光率较高的几个光波长研究。  相似文献   

5.
为评价诱虫灯在芒果园中对芒果主要害虫监测的作用效果,选用频振灯、黑光灯和LED灯等诱虫灯,采取灯光诱集与果园采样调查相结合的方法在海南省东方市岛西林场芒果园进行了芒果害虫的周年监测,比较了3种不同诱虫灯及调查采样收集到的芒果害虫的种类与数量。结果显示,在岛西林场芒果园,诱虫灯诱集到的害虫有29种,调查采集到害虫有24种,诱虫灯和调查采集收集同时监测到的害虫有21种,诱集到数量较多的有红脚丽金龟Anomala cupripes、芒果叶瘿蚊Erosomyia mangicola、绿额翠尺蛾Thalassodes proquadraria和灰白条小卷蛾Atgyroploce aprobola等,表明诱虫灯可用于这些芒果害虫的种类、分布与危害的监测,尤其是对红脚丽金龟、芒果叶瘿蚊、绿额翠尺蛾和灰白条小卷蛾等;明确可以应用频振灯、黑光灯和LED灯对红脚绿金龟等几种重要芒果害虫的年消长动态及种群数量进行监测;不同诱虫灯相比较,黑光灯对红脚丽金龟诱集效果最佳,LED灯对芒果叶瘿蚊诱集效果最好,频振灯对绿额翠尺蛾和灰白条小卷蛾诱集效果最佳。频振灯、黑光灯和LED灯对芒果害虫有良好的诱集作用,但对其天敌也有明显的诱杀作用;频振灯、黑光灯和LED灯所诱集昆虫种类的益害比分别为1∶3.17、1∶0.45和1∶1.23,频振灯对天敌的杀伤作用最小,黑光灯最大。  相似文献   

6.
【目的】广翅蜡蝉科昆虫是果园、茶园和园艺植物上的重要害虫之一,对其种类进行自动判别是实现其种群自动监测的基础。本研究拟通过获取3种广翅蜡蝉前翅轮廓特征探讨在其种类和性别鉴定中的作用。【方法】采用图像处理与分析技术,对3种广翅蜡蝉前翅轮廓形态特征进行提取和分析,并使用SPSS v22.0对数据进行分析。【结果】同一种广翅蜡蝉左右翅在轮廓形态上无显著差异,雌雄间各参数在不同种类广翅蜡蝉中差异性不同,其中5个实际测量参数在雌雄间差异达到显著或极显著水平,只有透明广翅蜡蝉的周长不显著。除周长和雄虫圆形度外,其它各类参数在种间的差异达到显著或极显著水平。通过典型判别分析,认为所选用的3种广翅蜡蝉,通过其前翅轮廓特征可以进行种间判别,其原始判别和交叉验证判别的正确率均超过90%。【结论】通过提取前翅轮廓特征可以实现3种广翅蜡蝉种类的识别,为此类昆虫的自动鉴定和种群监测提供了重要的参考依据。  相似文献   

7.
通过实地调查与文献数据分析,总结了近30年来深圳福田红树林的昆虫群落组成及变化趋势,结合人类活动的影响和土地利用变化,探讨了昆虫群落特征对生境变化的响应。结果表明,不同时期的昆虫群落组成存在较大差异,2012-2013年昆虫群落的种类最丰富,由10目57科113种组成,1993-1994年昆虫群落由9目59科94种组成,1999年和2008-2009年的昆虫种类均较少。20世纪80年代末至90年代,城市建设大量占用和破坏红树林湿地,昆虫种类减少,海榄雌瘤斑螟等害虫种群爆发。2008-2010年,通过开展福田红树林湿地生态系统修复工程,优化了生态系统结构,随后,昆虫多样性在一定程度上得以恢复,种类比以往有明显增多,尤其是天敌昆虫的种类比前期有较大增加。  相似文献   

8.
《环境昆虫学报》2015,37(4):795-799
为评估不同波长黑光灯对椰子木蛾的诱集效果,在海南省万宁市兴隆镇设置试验点,利用8种不同波长的黑光灯进行诱集试验。结果显示:椰子木蛾对365 nm和368 nm的波长敏感,诱虫总量显著多于其它波长的黑光灯;365 nm黑光灯诱捕椰子木蛾雄虫最多,368 nm黑光灯诱捕椰子木蛾雌虫最多,均显著大于其它黑光灯诱集到的雌雄虫数量。23∶00-2∶00为最适宜诱捕椰子木蛾时段。为利用黑光灯监测椰子木蛾提供了基础依据。  相似文献   

9.
基于闪讯TELEMO?害虫远程实时监测系统的监测数据,分析了云南省草地贪夜蛾成虫秋冬季活动特征(种群动态、活动日节律)及与田间温湿度的相关性。结果表明:4个监测点都属于草地贪夜蛾的常年发生危害区,2019月8月1日-12月31日在各监测点均诱集到草地贪夜蛾,诱蛾量差异较大,总诱蛾量为滇南>滇中>滇东北>滇西南。在滇南、滇中冬玉米种植区诱蛾量高,日均诱蛾量分别为9.42头、8.54头,高峰期出现在8月17日和9月19日,诱蛾量85头、146头;在滇西南冬玉米零星种植区,田间湿度大,诱蛾量低,日均诱蛾量为1.21头,高峰期出现在12月23日,诱蛾量26头;在滇东北非冬玉米种植区,诱蛾量不高,日均诱蛾量4.47头/d,高峰期出现在9月28日,诱蛾量142头;雄蛾日活动节律表现为“早晚双峰型”,18:00- 03:00和07:00-11:00,高峰期分别占总诱蛾量的60.79%和24.97%,成虫活动高峰期诱蛾量与空气的温湿度有微弱的相关性,与温度的相关系数|r|=0.14<0.3,P=0.00<0.01,与湿度度的相关系数|r|=0.07<0.3,P=0.04<0.05。研究结果为改进草地贪夜蛾的性诱剂监测方法和完善成虫诱杀方法提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

10.
亚洲玉米螟性诱剂诱捕器诱捕效果研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
研究了不同类型诱捕器、诱捕器悬挂高度及诱捕器颜色对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)的诱捕效果,结果表明,水盆式和三角式两种诱捕器的诱捕效果较好,日均诱蛾量分别为0.7和0.6头,周诱蛾量分别为12.7和10.3头,总诱蛾量分别为46.3和41.3头,均与瓶水式、飞翼式诱捕器的日均诱蛾量、周诱蛾量和总诱蛾量显著差异;三角式诱捕器悬挂在2.5 m和2.0 m处的诱捕效果较好,日均诱蛾最分别为0.7和0.6头,周诱蛾量分别为11.0和10.3头,总诱蛾量分别为43.7头和41.3头.颜色对诱捕器的诱捕效果影响不大,红、白、黄、绿四种不同颜色的三角式诱捕器的13均诱蛾量、周诱蛾量和总诱蛾量均差异不显著.  相似文献   

11.
The vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is marked by molecular specializations that include postsynaptic clusters of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Whereas AChRs are aggregated in the postsynaptic muscle membrane to a density of 10,000/mum(2), AChE is concentrated, also to a high density, in the synaptic basement membrane (BM). In recent years considerable progress has been made in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of AChR clustering. It is known that during the early stages of motoneuron-muscle interaction, the nerve-secreted proteoglycan agrin activates the muscle-specific kinase MuSK, which leads to the formation of a postsynaptic cytoskeletal scaffold that immobilizes and concentrates AChRs through a process generally accepted to involve diffusion-mediated trapping of the receptors. We have recently tested this diffusion-trap model at the single molecule level for the first time by using quantum-dot labeling to track individual AChRs during NMJ development. Our results showed that single AChRs exhibit Brownian-type movement, with diffusion coefficients of 10(-11) to 10(-9)cm(2)/s, until they become immobilized at "traps" assembled in response to synaptogenic stimuli. Thus, free diffusion of AChRs is an integral part of their clustering mechanism. What is the mechanism for AChE clustering? We previously showed that the A(12) asymmetric form of AChE binds to perlecan, a heparan-sulfate proteoglycan which in turn interacts with the transmembrane dystroglycan complex. Through this linkage AChE becomes bound to the muscle membrane and, like AChRs, may exhibit lateral mobility along the membrane. Consistent with this idea, pre-existent AChE at the cell surface becomes clustered together with AChRs following synaptogenic stimulation. Future studies testing diffusion-mediated trapping of AChE should provide insights into the synaptic localization of BM-bound molecules at the NMJ.  相似文献   

12.
Summary The fetal porcine pituitary was investigated by means of ultrastructural immunocytochemistry (1) to identify the first cells synthesizing the adenohypophyseal hormones, (2) to follow their differentiation during fetal development, and (3) to compare their ultrastructural characteristics with those of mature adult cells.The first ACTH-cells, which produced and stored ACTH, -LPH, -MSH, and - and -endorphin in the same granules, were very numerous at day 34 and displayed a uniform morphology. At day 50 and thereafter, until the end of gestation, the ACTH-cells differed in their appearance probably reflecting various stages of differentiation of one cell type. The GH-cells gained rapidly ultrastructural features comparable to those of mature GH-cells. In contrast, in the case of PRL-cells, which appeared only at the end of the gestation period as immature elements containing very small secretory granules, the morphological maturation seemed to take place only after birth. The first cells synthesizing the glycoprotein hormones (LH, LH, FSH and TSH) displayed ultrastructural features of immature cells. At day 50, their ultrastructural organization started to show a different pattern. At the end of gestation, the TSH-cells and the gonadotropic cells displayed the ultrastructural features of mature cells.  相似文献   

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14.
目的:研究HLA-DRB1基因多态性与新疆哈萨克族人群结核病(TB)的相关性。方法:采用病例-对照的研究方法,应用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)技术对231例新疆哈萨克族肺结核患者和230例新疆哈萨克族健康对照者的13个HLA-DRB1等位基因进行分型,比较其等位基因频率(GF)并计算其比值比(OR)。结果:与新疆哈萨克族人群对照组相比,新疆哈萨克族人群结核病例组中HLA-DRB1*04显著增高(11.72%比6.75%,p0.05,OR=1.889),HLA-DRB1*10也增高(2.86%比1.09%),但统计学上无显著性差异(Pc0.05)。结论:HLA-DRB1*04可能是新疆哈萨克族人群结核病的易感基因。  相似文献   

15.
Auxin-mediated elongation growth of isolated subapical coleoptile segments of maize (Zea mays L.) is controlled by the extensibility of the outer cell wall of the outer epidermis (Kutschera et al., 1987). Here we investigate the hypothesis that auxin controls the extensibility of this wall by changing the orientation of newly deposited microfibrils through a corresponding change in the orientation of cortical microtubules. On the basis of electron micrographs it is shown that cessation of growth after removal of the endogenous source of auxin is correlated with a relative increase of longitudinally orientated microfibrils and microtubules at the inner wall surface. Conversely, reinduction of growth by exogenous auxin is correlated with a relative increase of transversely orientated microfibrils and microtubules at the inner wall surface. These changes can be detected 30–60 min after the removal and addition of auxin, respectively. The functional significance of directional changes of newly desposited wall microfibrils for the control of elongation growth is discussed.  相似文献   

16.
17.
Thirty-six species of coccidia, all members of the genus Eimeria, have been described from 3 of the 9 genera and 11 of the more than 48 species in the lagomorph family Leporidae. All these are described briefly in the present paper and their synonymies are given. Coccidia have been described from the single species of Oryctolagus, from 4 of the 13 species of Sylvilagus and from 6 of the 26 species of Lepus. These genera have 12, 12, and 14 known species of Eimeria, of which only 2 are shared by Oryctolagus and Sylvilagus. Lepus has none of the coccidia of these genera. One species is known to occur in the bile ducts of the liver, 13 in the intestine, and the location of 22 is unknown. Life cycles have been determined for 9 of the species, of which 8 have been worked out in the domestic rabbit Oryctolagus and 1 in the cottontail Sylvilagus.  相似文献   

18.
Qin JF  Chen HG  Cai WG  Yang T  Jia XP 《应用生态学报》2011,22(7):1878-1884
实验室条件下,研究了不同浓度邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)长期胁迫(15 d)对翡翠贻贝内脏团和外套膜抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化氢酶CAT)及脂质过氧化(LPO)水平(以MDA含量表示)的影响,以及受胁迫翡翠贻贝在清洁海水中恢复阶段上述生化指标的变化特征.结果表明:胁迫阶段,0.5和2.5 mg.L-1DBP下翡翠贻贝内脏团SOD活性表现为先抑制后逐渐恢复,12.5和62.5 mg.L-1下则持续受到显著抑制;不同浓度组CAT活性均明显被抑制.LPO水平明显升高.外套膜中,2.5 mg.L-1下SOD活性受到持续诱导,其他浓度组则先被抑制,后随曝露时间延长逐渐被诱导;各浓度组CAT的变化波动较大,没有明显规律;而LPO水平明显升高.净化恢复阶段,12.5和62.5 mg.L-1DBP胁迫下的内脏团SOD和CAT活性恢复较慢,其LPO水平随时间延长逐渐恢复至对照组水平;外套膜中SOD活性呈持续升高趋势,CAT活性和LPO水平则随时间延长恢复到对照组水平.  相似文献   

19.
The mitogenic responses of separated rabbit lymphocyte populations functionally analogous to mouse T and B cells have been tested in vitro. Purified T cells were prepared by passage over nylon wool (NW) and purified B cells prepared by treatment with antithymocyte serum and complement (ATS + C). ATS + C kills 70% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL's) and 50% of the spleen cells while passage over NW yields 40% of the applied PBL's and 5–23% of the applied spleen cells. NW-purified T cells from the spleen or PBL's respond fully to concanavalin A (Con A) but have a reduced response to phytohemaglutinin (PHA) and little or no response to goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin (anti-Ig). PBL's that survive ATS + C (B cells) are stimulated by anti-Ig but not by Con A or PHA. B cells purified from spleen do not respond to Con A or PHA but will respond to anti-Ig under appropriate conditions. A full spleen B-cell response to anti-Ig required removal of Ig produced by the cultures that blocked anti-Ig stimulation. It is concluded that, for rabbit lymphocytes, Con A and PHA are primarily T-cell mitogens and that anti-Ig is primarily a B-cell mitogen. However, the mitogen response of unfractionated PBL or spleen cell populations indicates an overlap in reactivity. This could be due to cells sharing T and B properties, alteration of cell populations by the fractionation procedures used, or recruitment of one population in the presence of a mitogenic response of the other population.  相似文献   

20.
The mechanism of the spontaneous initiation of the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was investigated theoretically. The six minimum energy paths (MEP) of the possible reactions were calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) in conjunction with the B3LYP functional and 6-31G* basis set. The Diels-Alder initiation mechanism (path (I) and path (II)) with remarkably high energy barriers is not applicable to MMA. Four favorable paths were found (path (III), path (IV), path (V) and path (VI)), which are supporting the Flory mechanism. Path (V) has the lowest active energy. Therefore this path is considered as the main path for the spontaneous polymerization of MMA. Figure The mechanism of the spontaneous initiation of the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was investigated theoretically. The six minimum energy paths (MEP) of the possible reactions were calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) in conjunction with the B3LYP functional and 6-31G* basis set.  相似文献   

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