韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫行为活动昼夜节律

【目的】本研究旨在明确韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia cellarum成虫行为活动的昼夜节律,为其室内饲养、行为学研究和研发精准、高效的监测与防控新技术提供依据。【方法】室内系统观察记录了韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫羽化盛期求偶、交配、产卵、移动与静息等行为的昼夜节律,分析了其特定行为的时间分配特征。【结果】韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫的运动行为和静息行为白天和黑夜均有发生,夜间的繁殖行为(求偶、交配和产卵)频次高于白天的,各时间点的移动、静息和繁殖行为频次占比间均具有显著性差异。韭菜迟眼蕈蚊雌雄成虫的求偶节律相同,一天中求偶有两次高峰,分别出现在3:00和7:00。韭菜迟眼蕈蚊雌雄成虫的交配节律与雌成虫的产卵节律相似,雄成虫移动行为频次占比的峰值时刻均出现在3:00时,雌成虫移动行为频次占比的峰值时刻则出现在19:00时。雌雄成虫静息行为的频次占比均无明显昼夜节律高峰。在日时间分配上,雌、雄成虫以静息行为的时间占比最多,分别为89.53%和89.90%;求偶行为的时间占比最少,分别为0.56%和0.89%。雌雄成虫各行为的日时间占比差异不显著。【结论】韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫的求偶、交配、产卵、移动和静息行为具有明显...     

环境颜色对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊生物学特性的影响

【目的】明确环境颜色对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang生长发育及繁殖能力等生物学特征的影响。【方法】在室内条件下,利用黑、棕、绿、红和橙5种颜色卡纸模拟自然环境颜色,比较研究了其对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊生长发育和繁殖的影响。【结果】韭菜迟眼蕈蚊发育历期在橙色环境下最长,为26.15 d,黑色环境下最短,为22.35 d;世代存活率在黑色环境下最高,为43.88%,橙色环境下最低,为28.88%;性比在各颜色环境下无显著差异;雌雄成虫寿命均在棕色环境下最长,分别为2.06 d和2.99 d,橙色环境下最短,分别为1.58 d和2.57 d;单雌产卵量在棕色环境下最多,为62.99粒,橙色环境下最少,为45.64粒;种群趋势指数由高到低依次为:黑色(15.90)棕色(15.07)透明色对照(12.93)红色(11.69)绿色(11.67)橙色(8.50)。【结论】环境颜色影响韭菜迟眼蕈蚊生物学特性,黑色及棕色环境有利于其生长发育及繁殖,橙色环境可抑制其生长发育及繁殖。     

北京地区韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群动态及越夏越冬场所调查研究

【目的】为明确北京地区不同栽培管理模式下韭菜田全年韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga种群动态的发生规律及其越夏越冬场所。【方法】分别在2014—2015年通过黄色板对露地和温室韭菜田块的韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫进行了监测,并通过挖根和网捕的方式调查韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的越夏越冬场所及虫态。【结果】北京地区,露地韭菜田块韭菜迟眼蕈蚊每年发生3~4代,温室内可全年发生,主要为害高峰期在春秋两季;韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫主要分布在0~5 cm的土壤深处;夏季韭菜迟眼蕈蚊虫口基数偏低,但主要在本地韭菜田块越夏;冬季韭菜迟眼蕈蚊主要以4龄老熟幼虫在鳞茎内或鳞茎附近的土壤中越冬。【结论】本研究阐明了北京地区不同栽培管理模式下,韭菜迟眼蕈蚊周年发生的种群动态规律及越夏越冬生物学特性,为韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的预测测报和综合防治提供理论参考依据。     

韭菜迟眼蕈蚊雌成虫对其不同虫态气味的行为反应

【目的】明确韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysiaodoriphaga Yang et Zhang雌成虫对不同虫态的行为趋性及起作用的活性物质,为开发高效引诱剂诱杀成虫的绿色防控技术提供基础。【方法】采用Y型嗅觉仪测定未交配或已交配韭菜迟眼蕈蚊雌成虫对2龄幼虫、4龄幼虫、蛹和卵块挥发物的趋性,应用固相微萃取和气-质联用仪对有引诱活性虫态挥发物进行定性和定量分析,然后进一步采用Y型嗅觉仪测定不同化学成分及比例对雌虫的引诱活性。【结果】结果表明,未交配或者已交配韭菜迟眼蕈蚊雌成虫明显嗜好4龄幼虫,而对2龄幼虫、蛹和卵块无明显趋性。韭菜迟眼蕈蚊4龄幼虫体表挥发物主要成分是二丙基二硫醚和2,2-二甲基-1,3-噻烷等二硫化物,前者含量是后者的10倍。50 mg二丙基二硫醚单体对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊交配雌成虫具有明显吸引作用,50 mg和5 mg 2,2-二甲基-1,3-噻烷单体对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊交配雌成虫具有一定吸引作用;二丙基二硫醚与2,2-二甲基-1,3-噻烷以1︰1(50 mg︰50 mg)和10︰1(50 mg︰5 mg)混合物对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊交配雌成虫具有明显吸引作用;而将二丙基二硫醚和2,2-二甲基-1,3-噻烷以10︰1(50 mg︰5 mg)混合后与50 mg二丙基二硫醚单体比较,前者对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊交配雌成虫的吸引作用更明显。【结论】韭菜迟眼蕈蚊雌成虫明显嗜好4龄幼虫,其体表挥发物二丙基二硫醚等二硫化物对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊雌成虫具有吸引作用,2,2-二甲基-1,3-噻烷对二丙基二硫醚单体吸引韭菜迟眼蕈蚊交配雌成虫具有增效作用。     

营养物质和水分对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫繁殖和寿命的影响

【目的】研究韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga成虫对营养物质的选择补充习性,找出对其产卵繁殖起重要作用的关键因子,为其有效防控提供依据。【方法】通过室内成虫单独配对试验,研究不同营养物质(花粉、蜂蜜、维生素、糖、醋、酒)和水分对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫繁殖和寿命的影响。【结果】随着花粉、蜂蜜和维生素浓度的增加,成虫的繁殖力下降;糖醋酒液单一成分和混合液对成虫繁殖和寿命的影响与水分相近;补充供试营养物质和水分对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的繁殖力均明显高于干燥对照。补充水分的成虫繁殖力最高,产卵率超过70%,单雌平均产卵量达70粒,雌雄成虫寿命最长均超过3 d。土壤湿度对产卵有显著影响,土壤相对湿度为40%和50%时,成虫的落卵率超过25%,落卵量大于480粒,显著高于其它湿度(P<0.05)。【结论】水分是影响韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫繁殖和寿命的关键因子,供试的营养物质对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊繁殖没有促进作用,因此在韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫盛发期可以通过控制田间土壤湿度来影响韭菜迟眼蕈蚊繁殖。     

对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫高毒力Bt资源筛选及效果评价

【目的】为开发防治韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga的生物杀虫剂,本研究评价了185株苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫的杀虫活性。【方法】采用浸叶饲喂法对供试菌株进行室内生物学测定,用盆栽试验对筛选到的对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊高毒力的FPT3菌株进行防效验证,通过SDS-PAGE电泳技术对FPT3菌株的杀虫晶体蛋白进行分析,并采用Biolog微生物自动分析系统对FPT3菌株进行了生理生化测定。【结果】在1×10~8 cfu/m L浓度下,对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊2龄幼虫3 d的校正死亡率在80%以上的菌株有12株,其中FPT3菌株对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊2龄幼虫的杀虫活性最高;FPT3菌株表达70 ku左右蛋白,具有典型的苏云金芽胞杆菌的生理生化特征;FPT3菌株对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊1龄和2龄幼虫具有较高的杀虫活性,LC_(50)分别为1.206×10~6 cfu/m L和2.577×10~6 cfu/mL,室内盆栽试验明确了FPT3菌株对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的防治效果达77.76%。【结论】FPT3菌株能有效地控制韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的发生,具有良好的应用前景。     

韭菜迟眼蕈蚊规模化饲养技术

【目的】韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang是为害韭菜等蔬菜的重要害虫,规模化饲养提供大量虫源是其他研究工作得以开展的基础。本研究旨在解决目前韭菜迟眼蕈蚊饲养规模小、材料和劳动力成本高等问题。【方法】本实验室利用土豆、花生、大豆为食物进行了规模化饲养韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的研究,测定了取食上述饲料的韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的成活率、繁殖力、羽化节律和性比。【结果】取食土豆、花生、大豆等食物的韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的成活率和繁殖力与取食人工饲料和韭菜的无显著差异,卵到成虫的发育历期为20~23 d,雌雄性比为0.8︰1~1.2︰1。在规模化饲养过程中,土豆、花生、大豆等饲料有发霉长菌现象,经分子鉴定,主要种类为雅致放射毛霉、巴克斯毛霉、黄曲霉和赭曲霉,均为腐生菌,不影响韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的存活和繁殖。【结论】该技术省工省时,成本低,特别适合实验室种群的维持和大量试虫的饲养。     

异迟眼蕈蚊在不同植物上的生长发育及种群参数

【目的】异迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia difformis Frey的幼虫取食为害作物的地下部分,影响作物的品质,为了明确韭菜、蚕豆、生菜、白菜和甘蓝5种植物对异迟眼蕈蚊生长发育以及繁殖的影响。【方法】本试验采用室内人工饲养测定的方法,研究了5种不同植物对异迟眼蕈蚊生长发育,繁殖力和存活率的影响,并统计了其对异迟眼蕈蚊种群参数的影响。【结果】结果表明:卵到蛹的发育历期依次为甘蓝、白菜、韭菜、生菜、蚕豆;5种植物对雌雄虫寿命影响不显著,对雌虫产卵量以及蛹重均有影响,其中在韭菜上的产卵量最大,甘蓝最少,在韭菜上蛹最重,生菜上蛹最轻;异迟眼蕈蚊的存活率随着生长发育降低,总体在韭菜上的存活率高于其他寄主植物,在生菜上的存活率均最低。统计分析不同植物对异迟眼蕈蚊种群参数的影响,净增殖率和内禀增长率在韭菜上最大而在甘蓝上最小;平均世代周期在蚕豆上最短,甘蓝上最长;种群加倍时间在韭菜上最短,而在甘蓝上最长。【结论】由此可知,异迟眼蕈蚊均可以在韭菜,蚕豆,生菜,白菜和甘蓝上完成生长发育及繁殖,其对5种植物的适应性依次为:韭菜、蚕豆、白菜、甘蓝和生菜。     

高温胁迫对异迟眼蕈蚊与韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的致死作用及后续发育繁殖的影响

异迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia difformis Frey与韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang是食用菌的两种重要的害虫,对食用菌的质量及产量危害极大。高温处理是食用菌生产过程中常用的措施,但其对眼蕈蚊害虫的防治效果研究尚未有报道。【目的】为明确高温胁迫对两种眼蕈蚊存活及繁殖的影响,探究高温防治的可行性。【方法】本文探究了高温胁迫(30~40℃)对两种眼蕈蚊各虫态存活的影响,并进一步分析短时高温胁迫对存活幼虫和成虫后续发育和繁殖的影响。【结果】当温度超过36℃对各虫态产生明显的短时致死效应。4种虫态中,成虫耐热性最差,蛹的耐热性最强。38℃下,异迟眼蕈蚊与韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫致死中时间LT50分别为0.493~0.553 h和1.335~1.431 h;蛹LT50分别为1.402 h和2.356 h。经短时间高温胁迫后,存活幼虫后续化蛹明显推迟,成虫产卵量下降,38℃处理2 h,存活异迟眼蕈蚊与韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫化蛹时间分别推迟3.09 d和1.93 d,产卵量较对照分别下降了74%和60%。经高温胁迫后,存活成虫后续的寿命缩短,繁殖力下降。38℃处理1 h,存活异迟眼蕈蚊与韭菜迟眼蕈蚊雌成虫寿命分别缩短了1.60 d和1.57 d,产卵量较对照分别下降了59%和40%。【结论】高温胁迫(≥36℃)会影响两种眼蕈蚊各虫态存活,并对存活个体后续发育繁殖有明显的抑制作用。因此,高温处理可作为食用菌生产过程中防治眼蕈蚊的物理措施。     

韭菜养根期干旱处理对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群动态的影响

【目的】本研究旨在明确韭菜养根期干旱处理对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga种群动态的影响。【方法】通过控制浇水调控土壤含水量,调查15, 20, 25和30 d干旱胁迫下砂土和壤土栽培的韭菜中韭菜迟眼蕈蚊F1代成虫的发生量,并通过两性生命表方法分析干旱胁迫30 d对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊F₁代种群参数的影响。【结果】研究结果表明,不论砂土还是壤土,干旱胁迫均抑制了韭菜迟眼蕈蚊F1代成虫的发生: 随干旱胁迫时间的增加,韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫的数量显著下降;其中干旱胁迫30 d时,韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫的发生量最低,壤土或砂土中的F₁代成虫羽化量仅为1头,与其他干旱胁迫时间(15, 20和25 d)相比发生量差异显著。经历30 d干旱胁迫的韭菜迟眼蕈蚊F₁代1, 2, 3和4龄幼虫发育历期、未成熟期、雌成虫产卵前期和总产卵前期较对照组显著延长,分别延长0.82, 253, 2.82, 0.68, 6.32, 1.36和8.69 d,而净生殖率(R₀)、内禀增长率(r_m)以及周限增长率(λ)则显著低于对照组,分别较对照组下降32.38%, 37.50%和5.13%。【结论】在韭菜养根期进行干旱处理可有效抑制韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的发生。     

不同波段LED光源对毛健夜蛾行为的影响

为探明不同波段LED光对毛健夜蛾Brithys crini (Fabricius)行为的影响, 在实验条件下观察了4种不同波段（红光： 620~625 nm; 绿光： 520~523 nm; 蓝色： 465~467 nm; 白光： 460~465 nm）LED光源下毛健夜蛾幼虫的假死、 爬行、 静止、 取食、 排便、 瞭望及其他行为和成虫交配及产卵行为。结果表明： （1）毛健夜蛾幼虫在红光、 绿光、 蓝光和白光4种LED光源下, 爬行、 静止和取食行为时间分配差异极显著（爬行、 静止和取食： P=0.000）, 红光组爬行的时间占98.06%, 绿光组取食时间占83.65%, 蓝光组爬行和静止时间占91.56%, 白光组爬行时间占61.16%; 爬行、 静止、 取食、 瞭望及其他行为发生率差异显著, 红光组和白光组爬行行为发生率最高, 分别为47.37%和32.00%, 绿光组取食行为发生率最高为40.00%, 蓝光组爬行行为发生率最高为32.35%; （2）毛健夜蛾跌落幼虫在4种LED光源下, 假死发生率差异不显著, 但假死持续时间有显著性差异, 红光组假死持续时间显著长于蓝光组和白光组; （3）4种LED光源处理后, 交配和未交配的单雌产卵量无显著差异; （4）第1-2天的暗期分别使用4种光源, 则交配和产卵高峰均出现在第3天的暗期, 而第1-2天的暗期不使用光源, 则交配和产卵高峰出现在第1天的暗期。这些研究结果初步揭示了不同波段光源对毛健夜蛾行为影响不同。     

柑橘木虱成虫趋光行为反应

柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama是柑橘黄龙病(huanglongbing,HLB)的重要传播媒介。为了利用灯光诱控技术防治柑橘木虱,本实验于室内条件下研究柑橘木虱对波长为360 nm、400 nm、440 nm、480 nm、520 nm、560 nm和600 nm的LED光源和不同光照强度趋光行为反应。结果表明:柑橘木虱对7种单色光都有正趋向性。其中雌雄混合存在时对400 nm的紫光趋向性最强,其次是560 nm的绿光;单独处理时,雌成虫对400 nm的紫光趋性最强,其次是520 nm的绿光,雄成虫则是对520 nm的绿光趋性最强,其次是400 nm的紫光。在200μw/cm 2到1000μw/cm 2的光照强度范围内,随着光照强度的增大,柑橘木虱雄成虫趋光行为逐渐增强,在光照强度为1000μw/cm 2时趋光行为最强,但雌成虫趋光行为变化不明显。该研究表明:柑橘木虱雌雄成虫具有明显的正趋光性,且对光谱和光强的反应存在差异。这一结果可为柑橘木虱田间的灯光诱控提供实验依据。     

蜘蛛繁殖行为研究进展

蜘蛛的繁殖行为可以分为求偶行为、交配行为、产卵和携卵行为、携幼行为,本文根据国内外研究进展,对蜘蛛的繁殖行为进行简要综述.     

Anatomical features of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) grown under red light-emitting diodes supplemented with blue or far-red light

Pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L. cv., Hungarian Wax) were grown under metal halide (MH) lamps or light-emitting diode (LED) arrays with different spectra to determine the effects of light quality on plant anatomy of leaves and stems. One LED (660) array supplied 90% red light at 660 nm (25nm band-width at half-peak height) and 1% far-red light between 700-800nm. A second LED (660/735) array supplied 83% red light at 660nm and 17% far-red light at 735nm (25nm band-width at half-peak height). A third LED (660/blue) array supplied 98% red light at 660nm, 1% blue light between 350-550nm, and 1% far-red light between 700-800nm. Control plants were grown under broad spectrum metal halide lamps. Plants were gron at a mean photon flux (300-800nm) of 330 micromol m-2 s-1 under a 12 h day-night photoperiod. Significant anatomical changes in stem and leaf morphologies were observed in plants grown under the LED arrays compared to plants grown under the broad-spectrum MH lamp. Cross-sectional areas of pepper stems, thickness of secondary xylem, numbers of intraxylary phloem bundles in the periphery of stem pith tissues, leaf thickness, numbers of choloplasts per palisade mesophyll cell, and thickness of palisade and spongy mesophyll tissues were greatest in peppers grown under MH lamps, intermediate in plants grown under the 660/blue LED array, and lowest in peppers grown under the 660 or 660/735 LED arrays. Most anatomical features of pepper stems and leaves were similar among plants grown under 660 or 660/735 LED arrays. The effects of spectral quality on anatomical changes in stem and leaf tissues of peppers generally correlate to the amount of blue light present in the primary light source.     

Human-Friendly Light-Emitting Diode Source Stimulates Broiler Growth

Previous study and our laboratory have reported that short-wavelength (blue and green) light and combination stimulate broiler growth. However, short-wavelength stimuli could have negative effects on poultry husbandry workers. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of human-friendly yellow LED light, which is acceptable to humans and close to green light, on broiler growth. We also aimed to investigate the potential quantitative relationship between the wavelengths of light used for artificial illumination and growth parameters in broilers. After hatching, 360 female chicks (“Meihuang” were evenly divided into six lighting treatment groups: white LED strips (400–700 nm, WL); red LED strips (620 nm, RL); yellow LED strips (580 nm, YL); green LED strips (514 nm, GL); blue LED strips (455 nm, BL); and fluorescent strips (400–700 nm, FL). From 30 to 72 days of age, broilers reared under YL and GL were heavier than broilers treated with FL (P < 0.05). Broilers reared under YL obtained the similar growth parameters with the broilers reared under GL and BL (P > 0.05). Moreover, YL significantly improved feeding efficiency when compared with GL and BL at 45 and 60 days of age (P < 0.05). In addition, we found an age-dependent effect of light spectra on broiler growth and a quantitative relationship between LED light spectra (455 to 620 nm) and the live body weights of broilers. The wavelength of light (455 to 620 nm) was found to be negatively related (R ² = 0.876) to live body weight at an early stage of development, whereas the wavelength of light (455 to 620 nm) was found to be positively correlated with live body weight (R ² = 0.925) in older chickens. Our results demonstrated that human-friendly yellow LED light (YL), which is friendly to the human, can be applied to the broilers production.     

The impact of red and blue light-emitting diode illumination on radish physiological indices

The objective was to evaluate the effect of different combinations of red (638 nm) and blue (455 nm) light produced by solid-state light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on physiological indices (net assimilation rate, hypocotyl-to-leaf ratio, leaf area, leaf dry weight, hypocotyl length and diameter, plant length, developed leaves), variation of photosynthetic pigments and non-structural carbohydrates in radish (Raphanus sativus L., var. ‘Faraon’). Lighting experiments were performed under controlled conditions (total PPFD - 200 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹; 16 h photoperiod; 14/18°C night/day temperature). The LED conditions: 638 nm; 638 + 5% 455 nm; 638 + 10% 455 nm; 638 + 10% 455 + 731 nm; 638 + 10% 455 + 731 + 669 nm. Our results showed that radishes grown under red (638 nm) alone were elongated, and the formation of hypocotyl was weak. The net assimilation rate, hypocotyl-to-leaf ratio, and leaf dry weight also were low due to the low accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and non-structural carbohydrates in leaves. The supplemented blue (455 nm) light was necessary for the non-structural carbohydrates distribution between radish storage organs and leaves which resulted in hypocotyl thickening. Red alone (638 nm) or in combination with far-red (731 nm), or red669 for radish generative development was required.     

Light pollution may create demographic traps for nocturnal insects

Light pollution impacts both intra- and inter-specific interactions, such as interactions between mates and predator–prey interactions. In mobile organisms attracted to artificial lights, the effect of light pollution on these interactions may be intensified. If organisms are repelled by artificial lights, effects of light pollution on intra- and inter-specific interactions may be diminished as organisms move away. However, organisms repelled by artificial lights would likely lose suitable habitat as light pollution expands. Thus, we investigated how light pollution affects both net attraction or repulsion of organisms and effects on intra- and inter-specific interactions. In manipulative field studies using fireflies, we found that Photuris versicolor and Photinus pyralis fireflies were lured to artificial (LED) light at night and that both species were less likely to engage in courtship dialogues (bioluminescent flashing) in light-polluted field plots. Light pollution also lowered the mating success of P. pyralis. P. versicolor is known to prey upon P. pyralis by mimicking the flash patterns of P. pyralis, but we did not find an effect of light pollution on Photuris–Photinus predator–prey interactions. Our study suggests, that for some nocturnal insects, light-polluted areas may act as demographic traps, i.e., areas where immigration exceeds emigration and inhibition of courtship dialogues and mating reduces reproduction. Examining multiple factors affecting population growth in concert is needed to understand and mitigate impacts of light pollution on wildlife.     

光谱对东亚小花蝽趋光行为的影响

利用行为学方法研究了340—605nm波谱内14个单色光对东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri(Poppius)成虫的趋、避光行为的影响。结果显示:(1)各单色光均能引起东亚小花蝽成虫趋光行为反应,雌、雄虫的趋光行为反应曲线均为多峰型,峰间主次明显。趋光行为反应率较高的区域有3个,分别是紫外区(340、360 nm和380 nm)、绿光区(524 nm)和橙红光区(582 nm雄虫此处不高、605 nm);(2)各单色光都能引起东亚小花蝽成虫避光行为反应,雌虫避光行为反应曲线为多峰型,避光行为反应率最高的区域为蓝光近紫外区(400 nm),雄虫避光行为曲线为波浪形,避光行为反应率最高的区域为蓝光区(483 nm)。(3)性别对趋光行为反应趋势影响不大,但对趋、避光反应率有较大影响。雌虫趋光反应率最高为47.50%(380 nm),雄虫最高为35.00%(360 nm);雌虫避反应率最高为19.17%(400 nm),雄虫避光反应率最高为11.25%(483 nm)。结果表明:光谱对其趋光行为有一定影响,不同波长之间有较大差异;性别对其光谱行为反应有较大影响。     

Visible light regulates neurite outgrowth of nerve cells

The neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells on collagen-coated glass plates under light emitting diode (LED) irradiation at several wavelengths (i.e., 455, 470, 525, 600, 630, 880 and 945 nm) was investigated. No neurite outgrowth was observed during cultivation under irradiation from the lamp of an inverted light microscope through filters (yielding mixed light at ca. 525 nm and more than 800 nm), whereas neurite outgrowth was observed during cultivation in the dark. When these cells were irradiated with monochromatic LED light, neurite outgrowth was slightly, but not completely, suppressed at 455, 525, 600, 630, 880 and 945 nm, as was observed in the case of mixed light. Long connected neuronal outgrowths (e.g., 3 mm length) were observed with LED light at 470 nm and 1.8 mW/cm² intensity. No such outgrowths were observed at other LED light wavelengths (i.e., 455, 525, 600, 630, 880 and 945 nm). Irradiation at 470 nm may have caused specific responses to transductional signals in these cells that led to the connection of neuronal outgrowths between cells. Not only suppressed neurite outgrowth but also long connected neurite outgrowths were observed when PC12 cells were cultured under several different wavelengths of light.     

不同波长光照对罗汉果光合及生长影响

罗汉果试管苗在不同波长的LED(半导体)蓝(475±5nm)、黄(585±5nm)、红(660±5nm)及普通日光灯下培养,25d后观测发现,其外观的优劣依次为:蓝光>白光>红光>黄光;植株重量:蓝光>红光>黄光>白光;蓝光和白光下的植株叶大、色绿,植株矮壮,侧芽多;红光和黄光下的植株叶小、色黄绿,植株高、细、弯曲、节间长。测定罗汉果成熟叶片的吸收光谱,发现在波长380~500nm及660~680nm处有较强吸收。不同的光质下测定成熟叶片光合速率,大小依次为:红光>蓝光>白光>黄光。上述的各项试验表明,蓝光对罗汉果幼苗生长发育最好;红光和蓝光为成熟叶片光合作用的最佳光源。