EPT昆虫群落分布与环境因子的相关性

为了研究EPT昆虫与水环境因子的相关性，在2006年6-7月和9-10月分季在丹江口水库两条主水源河流上分设5个采样点，对EPT昆虫和水质采样检测。结果共检测到EPT昆虫780头，为12科16种(或种团)，水质理化指标7项。简单相关分析与复相关分析都表明，氮浓度、磷浓度、生化需氧量与EPT昆虫密度呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），与EPT昆虫的种数呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）。典型相关分析表明，EPT昆虫组与环境因子组有极显著的正相关（P<0.0001），EPT昆虫组主要目为蜉蝣目和襀翅目，环境因子组主要因子为氮浓度、磷浓度、生化需氧量。由此得出：即使在低污染、低营养程度的水环境下，EPT昆虫与环境因子也表现出群体的显著相关性，环境因子对EPT昆虫分布有重要影响。     

城镇化对钱塘江中游支流水质和底栖动物群落结构的影响

于2010年4月调查了浙江省钱塘江中游流域受不同城镇化强度影响的59条1～3级支流的水体理化、底栖动物群落及所在流域的土地利用,分析作为流域城镇化强度指标的不渗水地表面积比(PIA)与溪流水质和生物群落的关系.Spearman秩相关分析表明,TN、NH4+-N、PO43--P、TP、CODMn、电导率、水面宽、水深、细沙淤泥比(％)与PIA呈显著正相关,与林地(％)呈显著负相关.底栖动物指标与PIA的拟合曲线表明它们之间存在显著的非线性关系.其中总分类单元数、Shannon多样性指数、丰富度指数、EPT(％)及捕食者(％)、撕食者(％)、滤食者(％)、刮食者(％)与PIA呈显著负相关,与林地(％)呈显著正相关,但BI指数、集食者(％)、耐污类群(％)、寡毛纲(％)与PIA呈显著正相关.表明研究区域内随着城镇化强度的提高,城镇溪流表现出高氮、磷营养盐水平、物理生境退化、敏感底栖动物物种消失、耐污物种个体数量急剧上升等城镇溪流退化的共性现象.     

城镇化对湟水河上游水质和底栖动物群落结构的影响

2015年4月(枯水季)和8月(丰水季),调查了受不同城镇化强度影响的青海省湟水河上游流域的土地利用、水体的理化性质及底栖动物群落。并以城镇化强度指标的不透水地表面积比(PIA)与溪流水质和生物群落进行Spearman秩相关分析。结果表明:水温、TN、TP、NH+4-N、PO34-P、电导率、水深、水面宽、细砂淤泥比(%)与PIA呈显著正相关,与草地(%)、林地(%)呈显著负相关。底栖动物指标与PIA的拟合曲线表明,Shannon多样性指数、丰富度指数、集食者(%)、耐污类群(%)及BI指数存在显著的线性关系,其余各项指标则存在显著的非线性关系。其中总分类单元数、丰富度指数、水生昆虫中蜉蝣目Ephemeroptera、襀翅目Plechopetra和毛翅目Trichopetra(简称,EPT)(%)及捕食者(%)、撕食者(%)、滤食者(%)、刮食者(%)与PIA呈显著负相关,与林地(%)、草地(%)呈显著正相关。但BI指数、集食者(%)、耐污类群(%)、寡毛纲(%)、与PIA呈显著正相关。随着城镇化强度的提高,湟水河上游物理生境退化、水体氮、磷营养水平逐步提高、敏感底栖动物消失、耐污物种个体数量急剧上升。     

凉水、帽儿山低级溪流中水生昆虫的群落特征及水质生物评价

在东北林业大学凉水国家级自然保护区和帽儿山实验林场,对3种类型低级溪流中水生昆虫进行采集、鉴定,分析水生昆虫群落组成、季节优势集中性和取食功能群,并应用指示生物法、Shannon-Weiner多样性指数、群落相似性系数和BI指数对溪流水质进行生物评价。共采集到水生昆虫4907个,分别隶属于8目38科,其中,毛翅目、蜉蝣目、横翅目和双翅目为四大优势类群,个体数量占水生昆虫总数量的91．13％。原始林溪流中水生昆虫个体数量最多,占总数的58．98％,次生林溪流次之,农田溪流最少。次生林溪流水生昆虫物种多样性要高于原始林和农田溪流,且其各种取食功能群比例较均衡。齿角石蛾科、鳞石蛾科、新蜉科和黑横科昆虫可以作为溪流清洁水质的指示生物。水生昆虫季节优势集中性与Shannon-Weiner多样性指数水质评价结果之间具有相关性,即随溪流水质污染程度的加重,水生昆虫的物种多样性逐渐减少。群落相似性系数的分析表明,原始林溪流和次生林溪流水质对水生昆虫的群落组成没有影响,农田溪流则产生中等影响。生物指数（BI）评价结果显示除了农田溪流10月的水质为轻污染外,其余时间3种溪流的水质都能达到清洁标准以上。     

长白山源头溪流底栖动物群落结构季节动态

源头溪流是河流生态系统物质循环和能量流动的重要区域,对底栖动物的生物多样性维持具有重要意义。目前,针对我国源头溪流底栖动物群落结构的研究薄弱,对长白山源头溪流底栖动物季节动态的研究尚未见报道。采用野外原位定量取样的方法,力图阐释长白山源头溪流底栖动物群落结构的季节动态特征及其主要环境驱动因子。研究结果表明:(1)共计采集底栖动物90个分类单元,隶属于3纲9目38科。其中,水生昆虫85属,占绝对优势。底栖动物群落结构的季节动态明显,底栖动物密度及多样性在夏、秋季显著高于冬季和春季,并在冬季达到最低值。(2)底栖动物功能摄食类群以收集者占优势,其次为撕食者、捕食者和刮食者,滤食者相对丰度最低。不同功能摄食类群的季节动态不一致,但密度和物种丰富度整体表现为秋季最高。(3)水温、凋落叶分布和流速是长白山源头溪流底栖动物群落结构季节动态的主要环境驱动因子。本研究可为长白山源头溪流后续相关研究及长白山松花江水系生态修复提供基础数据支持及参考。     

城市溪流中径流式低坝对底栖动物群落结构的影响

调查了浙江省安吉县内具径流式低坝的城市溪流(6个样点)和参照溪流(3个样点)的底栖动物群落,目的是了解城市溪流底栖动物群落结构退化规律和径流式低坝(2—3 m)对城市溪流底栖动物群落组成与结构的影响。结果表明,参照样点的底质组成以大石块(35.92%)和卵石(33.66%)为主,城市溪流以砾石为主(57.97%)。城市溪流水温和电导率显著高于参照溪流,TN和TP高于参照溪流。底栖动物总分类单元数和EPT分类单元数显著低于参照溪流。城市溪流河道内水坝上下游之间的流速(P=0.273)和宽深比(P=3.92)无显著差异。坝下游水体中的TP高于坝上游,电导率、溶解氧、pH值和水温在坝上下游之间几乎一致。除BI指数坝下游高于坝上游外,坝上下游间底栖动物总分类单元数、EPT分类单元数以及多样性指数、优势度和均匀度指数没有显著差异。但坝下游的耐污类群比例显著高于坝上游,敏感类群比例则显著低于坝上游。与坝上游相比,坝下游捕食者比例上升和集食者比例下降。NMDS结果进一步表明,城市溪流内水坝的建设导致坝上下游底栖动物群落物种组成明显改变。     

大型底栖无脊椎动物对溪流中三角枫落叶分解的影响

采用复合网袋法,研究了冬季南京紫金山三角枫落叶在无干扰溪流和生态恢复溪流中的分解过程.结果表明：112 d后,三角枫落叶无灰干质量剩余率为31％～62％,分解速率符合指数衰减模型(P<0.05).在生态恢复溪流和无干扰溪流的流水生境中, 三角枫落叶的分解速率分别为0.0030 d^-1和0.0064 d^-1,静水生境中分别为0.0018 d^-1和0.0016 d^-1.流水生境中,无干扰溪流网袋内的大型底栖动物多度和生物量显著高于恢复溪流(P<0.05),而静水中无显著差异(P>0.05).无干扰溪流中的撕食者多度比例最高(70.4%),以栉水虱为主;生态恢复溪流中滤食者的多度比例最高(37.8%),以长跗摇蚊属为主.流水生境中三角枫落叶的分解速率与撕食者物种丰富度和多度相关性显著(P<0.01),而与生物量的相关性不显著(P>0.05).说明冬季溪流中撕食者的物种丰富度和多度决定三角枫落叶的分解速率.     

漓江大型底栖动物功能摄食类群时空分布及生态效应

基于2009年9月至2012年8月期间对漓江上中下游3个河流区段的4次采样调查,分析了漓江大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的组成与时空分布状况及其对河流生境变化的响应情况。结果表明:漓江大型底栖动物以刮食者占据绝对优势,其次依次是滤食者、收集者、捕食者和撕食者。刮食者中优势种为中华园田螺和黑龙江短沟蜷,滤食者中优势种为河蚬和纹石蚕,收集者中优势种为小蜉和摇蚊幼虫,捕食者中优势种为扁舌蛭和蜻蜓幼虫,撕食者中优势种为泥甲。根据功能摄食类群参数对河流生境以及人类活动影响的评价表明,人类居住生活对生境稳定性的影响显著大于旅游观光带来的影响,环境因子中溶解氧(DO)、pH、电导率(EC)、温度(Temp)、浊度(Tur)、化学需氧量(COD)和总氮(TN)等环境因子与漓江大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的相关性均较强。     

亚热带城市河流底栖动物完整性评价——以流溪河为例

根据2016年前、后汛期及枯水期流溪河14个断面底栖动物群落组成数据(4门8纲22目52科94属103种),采用底栖动物完整性指数(B-IBI),首次对亚热带地区河流进行健康评价。经筛选(32个候选指标),流溪河B-IBI体系由5个核心指标(总生物量,敏感类群个体%,EPT、摇蚊和耐污类群单元数)组成,评价标准为:健康3.24,亚健康3.24—2.43,一般2.43—1.62,差1.62—0.81,极差0.81,评价结果为:健康位点数占14.3%、亚健康50.0%、一般21.4%、差14.3%、无极差。总体上,B-IBI值反映流溪河上游健康状况较好,以EPT分类单元数和敏感类群个体%贡献最高,下游健康状况恶化,以耐污类群单元数贡献最高。此外,上游支流健康状况要优于上游干流,而下游则情况相反。相关性分析显示,B-IBI值与溶解氧呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与电导率、氨氮、总氮和总磷呈显著负相关(P0.05),反映流溪河当前健康水平受水体污染影响严重。核心指标与环境因子间CCA分析显示,前2主轴对环境因子解释度达68.1%,且对上、下游及干、支流有明显的梯度划分,说明所建B-IBI在流溪河有较高适用性。对比不同温度带研究结果发现,B-IBI体系受人为干扰和水体污染影响更加明显,体现其评价功能不受地理区域影响。     

科尔沁沙地植物群落分布与土壤特性关系的DCA、CCA及DCCA分析

基于科尔沁沙地流动沙丘、半固定沙丘、固定沙丘和草地群落类型24个样地的野外调查,选取11个土壤因子,应用除趋势对应分析法(DCA)、典范对应分析法(CCA)和除趋势典范对应分析法(DCCA)分析沙地植物群落分布与环境因子的关系。结果表明:DCA、CCA和DCCA的物种排序第1轴代表的土壤特性梯度一致,其解释总方差超过33%,即土壤碳氮含量、p H、电导率、容重、粘粉粒等共同的梯度决定了群落生境的变化,影响着沙地植物群落类型的分布格局;3种排序法的物种排序第2轴土壤因子的相关性有较大差异,DCA第2轴仅与土壤细沙含量显著正相关,CCA第2轴与土壤碳氮比和细沙含量显著负相关,DCCA第2轴与土壤碳氮比和细沙含量显著正相关,而与粗沙含量显著负相关。Shannon指数和Simpson指数分别与DCA、CCA和DCCA前2个排序轴存在显著二元线性关系,且Shannon指数的拟合程度好于Simpson指数。3种排序分析方法中,CCA物种排序前两轴的累计解释方差(58.6%)高于DCA和DCCA,因此CCA排序法更适合于沙地植被分布格局研究及其环境的解释。     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.     

New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Stenotrachelidae, Oedemeridae, Meloidae, Myceteridae, Boridae, Pythidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae, and Aderidae

We report 19 new species records for the faunal list of Coleoptera in New Brunswick, Canada, six of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, and one of which is new Canadian record. We also provide the first recent records for five additional species in New Brunswick. One new species of Stenotrachelidae, Cephaloon ungulare LeConte, is added to the New Brunswick faunal list. Additional records are provided for Cephaloon lepturides Newman, as well the first recent record of Nematoplus collaris LeConte. Two species of Oedemeridae, Asclera puncticollis (Say) and Asclera ruficollis (Say), are newly reported for New Brunswick, and additional locality and bionomic data are provided for Calopus angustus LeConte and Ditylus caeruleus (Randall). The records of Ditylus caerulus are the first recent records for the province. Three species of Meloidae, Epicauta pestifera Werner, Lytta sayi LeConte, and Meloe augustcollis Say are reported the first time for New Brunswick; Epicauta pestifera is newly recorded in Canada. Lacconotus punctatus LeConte and the family Mycteridaeis newly recorded for New Brunswick. The first recent records of Borus unicolor Say (Boridae) are reported from the province. One new species of Pythidae, Pytho siedlitzi Blair, and the first recent records of Pytho niger Kirby are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick. Three species of Pyrochroidae are newly reported for the province, including Pedilus canaliculatus (LeConte) and Pedilus elegans (Hentz), which are new for the Maritime provinces. Five species of Anthicidae and the first recent record of Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectére are newly reported for New Brunswick. Anthicus melancholicus LaFerté-Sénectère, Sapintus pubescens (LaFerté-Sénectère), Notoxus bifasciatus (LeConte), and Stereopalpus rufipes Casey are new to the Maritime provinces faunal list. Ambyderus granularis (LeConte) is removed from the faunal list of the province. Three species of Aderidae, Vanonus huronicus Casey, Zonantes fasciatus (Melsheimer), and Zonantes pallidusWerner, are newly recorded for New Brunswick; Zonantes fasciatus and Vanonus huronicus are new for the Maritime provinces' faunal list. Collection data, bionomic data, and distribution maps are presented for all these species.