花白竹鼠种群年龄研究

本文对布于广东省北部山区的花白竹鼠的体重,体长,尾长,颅全长,颅基长,口盖长,上齿隙长,上齿隙长,颧宽,脑颅宽,上颊齿列长,鼻骨长和眼眶长等１２项生长指标进行了相关分析和主分量分析,结果表明：颅全长、口盖长和颅基长等是花白竹鼠最具有代表性的年龄指标,以它们作为花白竹鼠的年龄鉴定指标最为合适,根据颅全长的次数分布以及结合繁殖情况,将花白竹鼠划分为４个相对年龄组。     

布氏田鼠种群生长指标的主分量分析

本文对布氏田鼠的体重、体长、尾长、颅全长、颅基长等１５项生长指标进行了主分量分析。结果表明：颅基长是最具有代表性的生长指标。同时,头骨的上齿隙宽因不存在性别差异,容易准确量表,可用作划分年龄组指标。根据上齿隙宽度,本文将布氏田鼠划分为５个年龄组。     

社鼠种群年龄结构的回归分析

本文利用社鼠(Nivitverter confucianus)头骨度量的8项指标(单位：mm)：颅全长X1、颅基长X2、基底长X3、颧宽X4、眶间宽X5、齿隙长X6、上裂齿长X7、门齿孔长X8,用多元回归分析方法,建立了其种群年龄结构的判别函数为：Y=0．3577X2-0．4599X7 0．3364X8—8．4267将头骨度量X2、X7、X8带入回归方程进行计算,如INT(Y 0．5)=G1,则该个体属于G1年龄组。回归方程表明,社鼠的年龄仅与头骨的颅基长X2、上裂齿长X7、门齿孔长X8有关,而颧宽X4、眶间宽X5、齿隙长X6在各年龄组相对较稳定,可以作为分类的指标。     

中国毛冠鹿三亚种头骨比较分析

毛冠鹿在我国主要分布于西南、华中、华南区域,有三亚种(指名亚种、华中亚种、华南亚种)。为探讨各省头骨性状的差异及各省毛冠鹿亲缘关系,在选取32项较为完整的头骨测量性状的基础上,运用统计分析软件SPSS 11.0对其进行分析,结果推测如下:1)毛冠鹿3个亚种的地位是确定的。2)四川、云南所属指名亚种与重庆、湖北所属华中亚种较近,二者与广东、江西、湖南、浙江所属的华南亚种关系较远。3)在头骨32个性状中,两两亚种之间具有显著差异的性状:指名亚种与华南亚种14个(颅全长、颅基长、基长、基底长、前颌长、吻宽、鼻骨长、鼻骨宽、最小眶间距、眼窝高、腭长、前颌骨内叶长、两上颊齿最大距离、下齿列长);指名亚种与华中亚种2个(吻宽、上齿列长),华南亚种与华中亚种有19个(颅全长、颅基长、基长、基底长、前颌长、额骨长、最小眶间距、眶间宽、枕部最窄、脑颅最大宽、鼻骨宽、泪骨缝长、腭长、颧宽、前颌骨内叶长、上齿列长、两上颊齿最大距离、最小颅高、下齿列长)。     

塔里木兔年龄鉴定指标的研究

本文对塔里木兔的体重、体长、颅全长、颧宽、门齿孔长、下颌骨长和晶体干重等７项生长指标进行了主分量分析,确定了各项指标在年龄鉴定价值上的排序,结果显示用颅全长（因子负荷量０．９８）鉴定塔里木兔的年龄比较合理。     

中国翼手类-新记录——泰国狐蝠

1958年11月6日,作者在云南昆明得一大型蝙蝠标本,经鉴定为泰国狐蝠(Pteropus lylei K. Andersen,1908),是我国哺乳动物的新记录,现报道于后。 泰国狐蝠属翼手目(Chiroptera)大蝙蝠亚目,(Megachiroptera),狐蝠科(Pteropidae),狐蝠属(Pteropus)。 量度:1♀,成体,解剖时腹中有胎儿2个。体重378克,体长200毫米;前臂长156毫米,翼展长880毫米;耳长40毫米,胫长73.5毫米,后足长50毫米;跟突长30毫米。 颅全长65.9毫米,颅基长62.7毫米,基长58.8毫米,腭长34.7毫米,腭底长32.7毫米;颧宽35毫米,眶间宽9.8毫米;眶鼻间长20.5毫米;后头宽26.3毫米,乳突间宽22.2毫米;听泡长7.2毫米;颅高20.6毫米。上齿列长29.2毫米,下齿列长30.5毫米。吻长22.5毫米。     

棕色田鼠生长及年龄指标的评价

本文应用主成份分析法研究了棕色田鼠的体重、体长、胴体重、尾长、后足长、颅全长 颧宽等７项生长指标及其在鼠体生长和年龄评价上的代表性。结果表明,头骨增长是本生长最具主导地位的指标,后足长和胴本重次之,体重与鼠体生长的相关性较低,体长在７项指标中最不具代表性。考虑到精确性和实用性,确定胴体重为鉴定棕色田鼠年龄的最佳指标。     

微尾鼩年龄指标的主成分分析

为了分析微尾鼩生长特征,比较微尾鼩的各生长指标用于鉴定年龄组的代表性,对2005年3月～2006年2月采自四川省南充市郊的929只微尾鼩标本测量了体重、胴体重、体长,随机选取267个完整头骨(121 ♂♂,146 ♀♀),测量颅全长、基长、脑颅最大宽、上齿列长、颅高、下颌长,利用主成分分析法分别对雌雄两组的各指标进行了分析.结果表明:第一主成分颅全长、基长、下颌长因子负荷量大,雄性胴体重、雌性体重在外形指标中因子负荷量最大;体长是因子负荷量最小的指标.雌雄第二主成分的特征值大于1,主要反映了颅高、胴体重等横向与三维的生长.根据微尾鼩的特征,认为两性胴体重是较精确、实用的指标.将929只标本胴体重(BWEV)聚类划分4个年龄组,雄性11 g≤BWEV≤18 g为亚成体,18 g＜BWEV≤22.5 g为成体1组,22.5 g＜BWEV≤27 g为成体2组, BWEV＞27 g为老体组;雌性12 g≤BWEV≤19.5 g为亚成体,19.5 g＜BWEV≤24.5 g为成体1组,24.5 g＜BWEV≤30 g为成体2组, BWEV＞30 g为老体组.     

四川省兽类新纪录

在鉴定整理1987年我省采集的翼手类标本时,发现有两种属四川省兽类新纪录,现报道如下(重量单位:克;长度:毫米):大菊头蝠Rhinolophusluctuslanosus1987.10.5,采于汶川县卧龙自然保护区三江保护站附近(1180米)。1♂,体重31,体长76,耳长38,尾长44,后足长17,前臂长67,颅全长29.1,颅基长23.8,腭长8.5,颧宽14.4,眶间宽3.3,后头宽12.8,上齿列长10.5,下齿列长12.6。特征:体型较大。体毛长密而卷曲,呈暗褐色,毛尖灰白色。耳廓背基部毛呈棕褐色。前臂长67mm。鞍状叶基部向两侧扩展成翼状,位于鼻孔之上端。阴茎骨长8.5mm,后端略膨大且分叉。本种数量稀…     

中国近海的两种宽吻海豚

本文研究了采自黄海和东海的23件宽吻海豚标本及采自南海的10件南宽吻海豚标本。宽吻海豚体腹面灰白色,成体最小的全长大于2.5米,颅基长495-580毫米。南宽吻海豚体腹面具纵长形暗色点斑,成体最大的全长小于2.5米,颅基长455-497毫米。两者的颅骨和颅后骨胳各有一些差别。中国南海标本的形态性状与南非海域及巴基斯坦沿岸的宽吻海豚相似。黄海和东海标本与东太平洋的标本有一些差别,而与南非及不列颠海域的宽吻海豚标本相似。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.