论有机肥料在农业生态系统中的地位和作用

人类为了生存,要从自然界取走一些物质和能量,并以不同的形式将物质和能量归还给自然即生态系统。要维持自然生态系统的动态平衡,“取走”和“归还”必须保持永续和相对     

中国的湿地

湿地以各种形式无私地向人类做出贡献。联合国千年生态系统评估指出的“湿地所具有的供给功能、调节功能、支持功能和文化功能,都与国家生态安全和经济社会可持续发展息息相关,支撑着人类社会的健康发展”。湿地作为珍贵和重要的自然生态系统,是建设生态文明不可或缺的一部分。湿地生态系统服务的退化和丧失。将损害当地社区和个人的健康和福祉,并阻碍经济的发展。没有健康的湿地,就没有健康的人类。维持健康的湿地生态系统,是人类义不容辞的责任。概述了中国湿地资源的特点、生物多样性及保护现状,分析了我国湿地所面临的威胁。     

不同发展模式对城市生态系统调节服务价值的影响

快速城市化加快了城市生态系统格局的改变,导致生态系统服务价值下降,对城市可持续发展造成阻碍。为了探究何种城市发展模式能够创造更高的生态系统服务价值,以深圳为案例,利用2010年、2015年和2020年生态系统类型数据,设置经济、惯性和生态3种不同的发展模式,并使用CA-Markov模型对2025年深圳市各类生态系统变化进行预测。在此基础上创新性地核算了不同模式下的关键生态系统服务价值。结果显示：（1）2015年到2020年,各类生态系统呈现不同变化趋势,人类聚落生态系统快速增长,对各类自然生态系统造成侵占,城区绿地呈现自然减少人工增加趋势。（2）2025年3种发展模式对生态系统类型变化影响显著,惯性发展模式下人类聚落、城区绿地出现扩张,经济发展模式下进一步增长,自然生态系统面积显著减少,生态发展模式下自然生态系统面积得到恢复。（3）3种模式下的生态系统服务价值变化差异显著,惯性和经济发展模式下,生态系统服务价值显著下降,分别较2020年下降2.67%和5.25%。生态发展模式下,生态系统服务价值提高,较经济发展模式提升5.5%,3种模式生态系统调节服务总价值差最高达到38.1亿元。综合来看,未来的发展模式应当选择以生态保护为优先的发展模式,通过制定有效的生态空间保护措施如生态保护红线划定、城市潜在开发区调整,实施生态工程等提高城市生态空间面积和质量,维持和提高生态系统服务价值,实现经济发展与生态保护的协调并行。     

生态流的构成和分析方法研究综述

人类活动带来的生态环境和土地利用变化是全球变化研究的重点内容之一。在复杂的自然生态系统中,各组分之间的物质循环、能量流动和信息传递通常以流态形式来表达,其路径、方向、强度、速率等对生态系统产生重要影响。系统分析了生态流的起源与发展,从能流、物质流和信息流三方面对生态流进行了解构,并对相关原理和分析方法进行了总结和述评。在现有研究基础上,以典型半人工半自然的农田生态系统为例,通过生态网络连接度等指标与纯自然生态系统对比分析生态流的流向、路径和强度等,人类活动增强了生态系统的灵活度,但扰乱了原有的稳定性。生态学家一直专注于研究适用于统一计算生态流的方法,其量化已具有一定的研究基础,但仍存在许多问题,在以后的研究中仍需系统地深入探索。     

生态功益:自然生态过程对人类的贡献

大自然是维系人类社会生存和维持文明发展的生命之舟,为人们的物质和精神生活提供必不可少的资源和环境条件及生态服务。生态功益是这些由自然生物过程产生和维持的环境资源方面的条件和服务的统称。本文从自然生产,维持生物多样性,调节气象过程、气候变化和地球化学物质循环,调节水循环和减缓旱涝灾害,改善与保持土壤,净化环境,为作物与自然植物传粉播种,控制病虫害,维护改善人的身心健康和激发人的精神文化追求等方面探讨和介绍生态功益及生态功益的经济评价。迅猛的人口增长、社会变化和技术发展已使承载人类社会的生命之舟受到严重破坏和巨大威胁。减少这些破坏和威胁是整个社会,特别是生态学エ作者面临的重大挑战.     

生态学会及其生态学科前沿动态简介

生态学会及其生态学科前沿动态简介最近出版的《生态研究与探索》一书的序言提到：“生态学是研究包括人在内的生物与其环境关系的一门系统科学,也是探索自然,改造社会的一种世界观和方法论．随着我国国民经济的快速发展,人类活动对自然生态系统的胁迫作用日益加剧．作...     

中美生态分区及其分级体系比较研究

生态分区及其分级体系越来越多地用于环境保护政策的制定和管理决策,尤其是在自然资源管理、保护和评价方面。目前世界上有许多生态分区及其分级体系,不同的生态分区与分级体系使用不同的生态分区方法和各种指标。如何正确评价和选择这些生态分区及其分级体系进行自然资源管理和环境决策,已经成为管理者和研究者的一个难题。概述了近20a来生态分区分级研究现状与国际进展,重点比较、分析了美国主要生态分区及其分级体系与中国生态功能分区之间的差异。结果表明,在生态分区的分区单元内涵、侧重点以及分区角度3个方面,中美之间有显著的不同。美国的生态分区及其分级体系多注重自然生态系统,尤其在其评价指标中,人类在生态系统中的地位与生态系统内其他生物相平等。而中国的生态功能分区,则更加突出人类在生态系统中的地位以及生态系统为人类社会提供的生态服务功能。这些体系各有优点和缺陷。通过这些体系的比较研究,可为中国后续水生态分区研究和改进中国生态功能分区提供参考和建议。     

中国草地生态系统服务功能间接价值评价

草地是我国陆地面积最大的生态系统类型 ,对维持我国自然生态系统格局、功能和过程具有特殊的生态意义。目前 ,草地退化导致的区域生态问题越来越突出 ,评价我国草地资源生态服务功能的经济价值 ,尤其是其潜在的生态调节功能和生命支持功能的价值 ,对于制定合理的区域生态保护和经济开发决策、保护和恢复草地生态系统具有重要意义。构成草地生态系统服务功能间接价值的功能指标主要包括侵蚀控制、截留降水、土壤 C累积 (气候调节 )、废弃物降解、营养物质循环、空气质量调节、文化多样性和生境提供等。本研究选取其中的侵蚀控制、截留降水、土壤 C累积、废弃物降解、营养物质循环和生境提供 6类功能进行了评价 ,基于服务功能机制对其物质量评价方法进行了探索 ,并在此基础上对其生态经济价值进行了评价 ,得出我国草地生态系统 6类服务功能的年生态经济价值分别为 2 2 8.2 1× 10 8、6 92 .0× 10 8、6 5 75 .0 6× 10 8、2 2 8.35× 10 8、832 .6 2× 10 8和2 4 6 .77× 10 8元人民币 ,6类功能的总价值为 880 3.0 1× 10 8元。研究结果表明 ,草地生态系统除为社会提供直接产品价值外 ,还具有巨大的间接使用价值 ,而且这种价值对人类的贡献与提供产品本身同样重要。今后草地生态系统服务功能及其价值评价     

城市土壤质量演变及其生态环境效应

城市化是人类活动影响下自然生态系统向人工生态系统的急剧变化形式,它引起一系列生态环境条件的改变。城市对土壤资源的数量和质量产生深刻的影响,包括土壤地表封闭引起的土壤生态功能彻底消失,土壤物理性质恶化,土壤形态学特征和演变过程深受人为作用的影响。短程变异增加而总体多样性降低,土壤污染加剧,土壤养分富集等多方面,城市过程中土地利用变化对土壤产生一系列生态环境效应,如养分径流输出增加,热缓冲能力下降,污染转移危险性上升等,有必要迅速开展城市化过程中土壤质量演变及其生态环境效应的系统研究,为我国城市可持续发展提供理论依据。     

《菌物学报》“2021年菌物生态学专刊”征稿通知

菌物是自然生态系统中重要的组成部分,广泛分布于土壤、水体、生物体及其残体乃至许多特殊生境中或基质上,在自然生态系统的建立、演替、稳定、物质循环和能量流动等生态活动中发挥着重要的影响,甚至具有决定性作用。菌物在自然生态系统中以腐生、共生、附生和寄生等生活方式与植物和动物等生物因子及环境中的非生物因子发生相互作用。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.