中国鳞虫兆属Tom ocerus四新种(弹尾目:鳞虫兆科)

本文记述了中国鳞虫兆属Ｔｏｍ ｏｃｅｒｕｓ４新种,即紫胸鳞虫兆Ｔｏｍ ｏｃｅｒｕｓ（Ｔｏｍ ｏｃｅｒｉｎａ） ｐｕｒ－ｐｕｒｉｔｈｏｒｕｓ, ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．, （四川）; 白鳞虫兆Ｔｏｍｏｃｅｒｕｓ（Ｔｏｍ ｏｃｅｒｉｎａ） ｃａｌｃｅｕｓ, ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．, （四川）;巨鳞虫兆Ｔｏｍｏｃｅｒｕｓ（ｓ．ｓｔｒ．）ｍ ａｘｉｍｕｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．（四川）;小鳞虫兆Ｔｏｍ ｏｃｅｒｕｓ（ｓ．ｓｔｒ．）ｅｍ ｅｉｃｕｓ, ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ． （四川）。模式标本保存于绵阳经济技术高等专科学校农艺系昆虫标本室。１． 紫胸鳞虫兆Ｔｏｍ ｏｃｅｒｕｓ（Ｔｏｍｏｃｅｒｉｎａ） ｐｕｒｐｕｒｉｔｈｏｒｕｓ, 新种（图１）鉴别特征：本种与Ｔ．（Ｔｏｍ ｏｃｅｒｉｎａ） ｍ ｉｎｕｔｕｓＴｕｌｌｂｅｒｇ １８７６ 非常相似,但其下列特征可与后者相区别：弹器齿节刺的刺式为５／７,１,弹器端节间齿数为５～７,爪内齿数为１,１,１,握弹器体上刚毛数为５支。正模：♀,四川峨眉山,１９－ ＩＶ－ １９９５,刘永琴;副模：４♀♀２♂♂,同正模。２． 白鳞虫兆Ｔｏｍ ｏｃｅｒｕｓ （Ｔｏｍ ｏｃｅｒｉｎａ） ｃａｌｃｅｕｓ, 新种（图２）鉴别特征：本种与Ｔ．（Ｔｏｍｏｃｅｒｉ     

中国安徽省刺齿虫兆属一新种(弹属目:长角虫兆科)

本文记述刺齿虫兆属１新种：祁门刺齿虫兆Ｈｏｍ ｉｄｉａ ｑｉｍ ｅｎｅｎｓｉｓ, ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ． （图１～１２）。该种在颏部具有叶状毛与Ｈ． ｌａｔｉｆｏｌｉａ Ｌｉ＆ Ｃｈｅｎ １９９９和Ｈ． ｐｏｌｙｓｅｔａ Ｃｈｅｎ １９９８相似,主要区别在于体色斑纹和头部背面、下唇基部、颏部及第４腹节等部位毛序。正模♀,副模２♀♀,安徽祁门牯牛降国家自然保护区,１９９４－ Ⅷ－ ２５,存于南京大学生物科学与技术系。     

中国鳞（虫兆）属Tomocerus一新种（弹尾目：鳞虫兆科）

本文记述了中国鳞（虫兆）属1新种：王朗鳞姚Tommocerus(Tomocerina)wanglangensis,sp．nov．。模式标本保存于西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院昆虫标本室。王朗鳞虫兆Tomocerus(Tomocerina)wanglangensis,新种(图1～9)本新种和白鳞姚T.(Tomocerina)calceus Liu et al．1999非常相似,但新种爪内缘齿为1,1,1;弹器齿节刺简单、不具褶,刺序为2／1,Ⅰ,1,Ⅰ;弹器端节间齿数为2。正模♀,四川省平武县王朗,1800m,06-X-2002,刘永琴;副模：3♀♀,5♂♂,同正模。     

中国浙江省刺齿虫兆属一新种(弹尾目:长角虫兆科)

本文记述了中国刺齿虫兆属１新种——天台刺齿虫兆Ｈｏｍｉｄｉａｔｉａｎｔａｉｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。该种色斑明显不同于此属所有已知种。它的许多特征与朝鲜的Ｈ．ｆｌａｖｏｎｉｇｒａＳｚｅｐｔｙｃｋｉ,１９７３相似,但上唇、下唇和弹器齿节基部等处的刚毛及腹部第ＩＩ节的毛序可区分两者。正模♀,浙江天台山,采集号８５３７,１９９６－ＶＩＩ－１６;副模５♀♀,采集号８５３５、８５３６和８５３７,其它同正模。模式标本保存于南京大学生物系。     

中国沼梭科三新种(鞘翅目)

本文记述中国重庆北碚沼梭科３新种,正模保存在西南师范大学生命科学系（重庆、北碚）,副模保存在中国科学院动物研究所（北京）。１． Ｐｅｌｔｏｄｙｔｅｓａｓｃｈｎａｅ, 新种（图１～８ａ）本种相似于ＰｅｌｔｏｄｙｔｅｓｃｏｏｍａｎｉＰｅｓｃｈｅｔ, 但鞘翅斑纹和雄性外生殖器形状均不相同,后者鞘翅斑纹较小。正模：♂,重庆北碚,１９９８－ Ⅵ－ １１, Ｄ． Ｍａｋｈａｎ 采;副模：６♀♀,５♂♂,同正模;１♀,重庆北碚晋云山,１９９８－ Ⅵ－ １２, Ｄ． Ｍａｋｈａｎ 采;２♂♂,３♀♀,重庆北碚,１９９８－ Ⅵ－ １６,Ｄ． Ｍａｋｈａｎ 采。２． Ｈａｌｉｐｌｕｓｒｉｓｈｗａｎｉ, 新种（图９～６）本种前胸背板基褶相似于ＨａｌｉｐｌｕｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓＳｈａｒｐ, 但鞘翅色斑和雄性生殖器形状不同。正模：♂,重庆北碚,１９９８－ Ⅵ－ １１,Ｄ．Ｍａｋｈａｎ采;副模１３♂♂,２０♀♀,同正模;１♂,重庆北碚,１９９８－ Ⅵ－ １０,Ｄ．Ｍａｋｈａｎ采;２♂♂,重庆北碚晋云山,１９９８－ Ⅵ－ １２,Ｄ． Ｍａｋｈａｎ 采。３． Ｈａｌｉｐｌｕｓａｍｒｉｓｈｉ, 新种（图１７～２４）本种相似于ＨａｌｉｐｌｕｓｄｉｏｐｕｓＧｕｉｇｎｏｔ, 但     

中国鳞[虫兆]属一新种及一新纪录种记述（弹尾目，鳞[虫兆]科）

记述弹尾目Collembola鳞[虫兆]科Tomoceridae鳞[虫兆]属Tomocerus1新种,即斑点鳞[虫兆]Tomocerus（Tomocerus）maculatus sp.nov.和1新纪录种,即巴地鳞Tomocerus（Tomocerus）asoka Yosii et Ashraf,1965。新种模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。 斑点鳞[虫兆],新种Tomocerus（Tomocerus）maculatus sp.nov.（图1 ～10 ,表1） 体长2.3 ～3.1mm。 正模♀,吉林长白山（42.0°N,128.1°E） ,1100m,1980-08-03 ,黄复生采（IZCAS）。副模1 ♂,记录同正模; 1♀,吉林二道白河（42.4°N, 128.1°E）,700m, 1981-08-04 ,黄复生采（IZCAS）。 新种与T.（T.）violaceus Yosii,1956相似,但齿刺基部排列方式,触角、头部和身体上色素分布等不同。 词源：种名意指腹部3,4,5节上的斑块。     

中国长属一新种(弹尾目:长科)

本文记述了长虫兆属西藏１新种：黄氏长虫兆Ｅｎｔｏｍｏｂｒｙａｈｕａｎｇｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．（图１～１７）。本种与Ｅ．ｍａｒｇｉｎａｔａＴｕｌｂｅｒｇ,１８７１和Ｅ．ｌａｎｕｇｉｎｏｓａＮｉｃｏｌｅｔ,１８４２在体色上很相似,但它们可从第４腹节与第３腹节的长度比、上唇乳突、生殖板等特征相区别。正模♀,西藏错美,海拔４２００米,１９７４－ＶＩ－２６,采集号８１００;副模：２♀♀,同正模;５♀♀,２♂♂,西藏错美哲古湖附近,海拔４６００米,１９７４－ＩＶ－２８,采集号８１１７。除部分副模保存于南京大学生物系外,模式标本均保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国皮盲蝽属新种记述（半翅目：盲蝽科）

皮盲蝽属ＣｏｒｉｄｒｏｍｉｕｓＳｉｇｎｏｒｅｔ世界已有记载共６种。本文为该属在我国和亚洲的首次分布记录。本文记述该属两新种：中国皮盲蝽Ｃｏｒｉｄｒｏｍｉｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;正模♂,广西阳朔,１９６４－０９－１１,王良臣采。副模：１５♂♂,１７♀♀,广西阳朔;１♂,台湾台北;２４♂♂,２８♀♀,福建龙岩;４♀♀,福建南靖;１♂,福建福州。赭皮盲蝽Ｃｏｒｉｄｒｏｍｉｕｓｔｅｓｔａｃｅｏｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,正模♀,海南尖峰岭,１９８５－０４－０１,郑乐怡采,灯诱。模式标本保存在南开大学生物系。     

齿爪盲蝽属新种记述(半翅目: 盲蝽科: 齿爪盲蝽亚科)

本文记述齿爪盲蝽属Ｄｅｒａｅｏｃｏｒｉｓ Ｋｉｒｓｃｈｂａｕｍ二新种,即福建齿爪盲蝽Ｄｅｒａｅｏｃｏｒｉｓ ｆｕｊｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．正模♂,福建武夷,１９８２－０８－０５,邹环光采;副模１♂,３♀♀,采自福建开胰和拟克氏齿。爪盲蝽Ｄ．ｐｓｅｕｄｏｋｅｒｚｈｎｅｒｉ．ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,正模♂,四川峨嵋山报国寺,１９５７－０５－３０,郑乐怡、程汉华采;副模６♂♂,１２♀♀,均采自四川峨嵋山     

弯握蜉属在中国首次发现及一新种记述（蜉蝣目：小蜉科）

本文报道弯握蜉属Ｄｒｕｎｅｌｌａ在中国的首次发现,并对该属一新种抚松弯握蜉Ｄｒｕｎｅｌｌａ ｆｕｓｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．作了详细描述。模式标本采自吉林省抚松县,正模♂,配模♀,副模６♂♂,２９♀♀,存放在南京师范大学生物系。弯握蜉属系Ｎｅｅｄｈａｍ于１９０５年建立,迄今属中共有４０种左右。其雄成虫的主要特征是：（１）生殖器尾铗的端节长度为宽度的２－４倍;（２）尾铗第２节最长,且明显向内弯     

Immunological evidence for structural homology between Drosophila melanogaster (S14), rabbit liver (S12), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S25), Bacillus subtilis (S6), and Escherichia coli (S6) ribosomal proteins.

Specific antibodies directed against Drosophila melanogaster acidic ribosomal protein S14 were used in a comparative study of eucaryotic and procaryotic ribosomes by immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Common antigenic determinants and, thus, structural homology were found between D. melanogaster, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S25), rabbit liver (S12), Bacillus subtilis (S6), and Escherichia coli (S6) ribosomes.     

Synthesis of (S)-2-fluoro-L-daunosamine and (S)-2-fluoro-D-ristosamine

Derivatives of (S)-2-fluoro-L-daunosamine and (S)-2-fluoro-D-ristosamine were synthesized, starting ultimately from 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose which was converted, according to the literature, into methyl 2-benzamido-4, 6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-3-O-(methylsulfonyl)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (2). Treatment of 2 with tetrabutylammonium fluoride gave a 63% yield of (known) methyl 3-benzamido-4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-dideoxy-2-fluoro-alpha-D-altropyran oside (4), together with a 6% yield of its 2-benzamido-2,3-dideoxy-3-fluoro-alpha-D-gluco isomer. From 4, the corresponding 6-bromo-2,3,6-trideoxyglycoside 4-benzoate (6) was obtained by Hanessian-Hullar reaction. Dehydrobromination of 6, followed by catalytic hydrogenation of the resulting 5-enoside, and subsequent debenzoylation and N-trifluoroacetylation, afforded the fluorodaunosaminide, methyl 2,3,6-trideoxy-2-fluoro-3-trifluoroacetamido-beta-L-galactopyranos ide. Reductive debromination of 6, followed by debenzoylation and N-trifluoroacetylation, gave the fluororistosaminide, methyl 2,3,6-trideoxy-2-fluoro-3-trifluoroacetamido-alpha-D-altropyran oside. The 1H-n.m.r. spectra of the new aminofluoro sugars are discussed with respect to the effects of neighboring amino and acylamido substituents on geminal and vicinal 1H-19F coupling constants, in comparison with the reported effects of oxygen substituents.     

Chiral phosphorothioate analogues of B-DNA. The crystal structure of Rp-d[Gp(S)CpGp(S)CpGp(S)C]

The compound Rp-d[Gp(S)CpGp(S)CpGp(S)C], an analogue of the deoxyoligomer d(G-C)3, crystallizes in space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with a = 34.90 A, b = 39.15 A and c = 20.64 A. The structure, which is not isomorphous with any previously determined deoxyoligonucleotide, was refined to an R factor of 14.5% at a resolution of 2.17 A, with 72 solvent molecules located. The two strands of the asymmetric unit form a right-handed double helix, which is a new example of a B-DNA conformation and brings to light an important and overlooked component of flexibility of the double helix. This flexibility is manifest in the alternation of the backbone conformation between two states, defined by the adjacent torsion angles epsilon and zeta, trans . gauche-(BI) and gauche-. trans (BII). BI is characteristic of classical of B-DNA and has an average C(1') to C(1') separation of 4.5 A. The corresponding separation for BII is 5.3 A. Each state is associated with a distinct phosphate orientation where the plane of the PO2 (or POS) group is alternately near horizontal or vertical with respect to the helix axis. The BI and BII conformations are out of phase on the two strands. As a consequence, on one strand purine-pyrimidine stacking is better than pyrimidine-purine, while the converse holds for the other strand. At each base-pair step, good and bad stacking alternate across the helix axis. The pattern of alternation is regular in the context of a fundamental dinucleotide repeat. Re-examination of the B-DNA dodecamer d(C-G-C-G-A-A-T-T-C-G-C-G) shows that the C-G-C-G regions contain the BI and BII conformations, and the associated dual phosphate orientation and asymmetric base stacking. Different mechanisms are used in the two structures to avoid clashes between guanine residues on opposite strands, a combination of lateral slide, tilt and helical twist in the present structure, and base roll, tilt and longitudinal slide (Calladine rules) in the dodecamer. The flexibility of the phosphate orientations demonstrated in this structure is important, since it offers a structural basis for protein-nucleic acid recognition.     

An improved protocol for the preparation of (S)-vinylglycine from (S)-methionine

We present an optimized procedure for the synthesis of (S)-vinylglycine from (S)-methionine. The key step is a solvent free pyrolysis of an intermediate sulfoxide at high temperature. Using our optimized reaction conditions, Cbz-protected vinylglycine was obtained in high yield and with almost no side products. The protocol is scalable, fast and avoids the use of poisonous reagents.