蔷薇属植物与现代月季品种杂交亲和性研究

为培育抗寒、抗病性强、芳香的月季品种,以单瓣黄刺玫(Rosa xanthinaf.normalis)、黄刺玫(R.xanthina)、报春刺玫(R.primula)、美蔷薇(R.bella)、腺果大叶蔷薇(R.macrophylla var.glandulifera)、荷花蔷薇(R.multifloraf.carnea)等6个蔷薇属种、变种及变型和5个玫瑰品种为父本,以11个现代月季品种和香水月季(R.odorata)为母本设计72个授粉组合进行远缘杂交,统计杂交结实率及杂交种子萌发率,并采用扫描电镜技术观察了杂交亲本的花粉与柱头形态,测定花粉萌发率。结果显示:(1)除黄刺玫外,所试其他蔷薇属植物均适合作为父本材料与现代月季品种和香水月季杂交,但不同杂交组合的结实率及出苗率差异显著。(2)花粉、柱头形态对杂交亲和性无显著影响,花粉生活力对杂交亲和性有显著影响,且与杂交结实率成正相关关系。通过试验,筛选出14个亲和性较好的杂交组合、4个适宜的母本材料(香水月季、‘橘红潮’、‘金玛丽’、‘粉和平’)和6个适宜的父本材料(单瓣黄刺玫、报春刺玫、美蔷薇、腺果大叶蔷薇、荷花蔷薇、玫瑰‘大红紫枝’)。     

一些蔷薇属植物的花粉形态研究

本文通过对中国原产的蔷薇属植物中的6个种和3个月季品种的花粉,进行扫描电镜观察,对花粉形态进行了描述,探讨了有关植物在进化过程中的地位,及通过花粉形态来鉴定月季品种及其倍性的可能性。     

悬钩子属和蔷薇属的新植物

本文发表了山莓两个新变型和小果蔷薇一新变型,即粉红山莓Rubus corchorifolius L.f.f.roseolus Z.X.Yu、重瓣山莓R.cor-chorifolius L.f.f.Hemi semiplenus Z.X.Yu,还有重瓣小果蔷薇Rosa cymosa Tratt.f.plena Z.X.Yu et G.Z.Liu。     

新疆的蔷薇属植物

蔷薇果富含大量多种微生素、氨基酸,人体必需的微量元素,被誉为水果后起之秀,尤其新疆蔷薇属植物中的疏花蔷薇,喀什蔷薇,腺毛蔷薇,腺齿蔷薇,刺蔷薇,樟味蔷薇等,果大,肉厚,味甘甜,果实总氨基酸含量达3—4.5％,微量元素约10余种,其中维生素含量,一般平均高于2000毫克/100克;不同种和分布地区不同,     

辽宁东部山区主要蔷薇属植物

辽宁东部山区是我省重点林区,它包括桓仁、本溪、抚顺、清源、新宾、凤成、宽甸七县。森林属长白山森林植物区系,是温带针阔混交林的一部分,原生森林植物群落是以红松为主的针阔混交林。该区气候属温带湿润大陆性气候型,由于气候湿润、雨量充沛、土壤肥沃,适合植物生     

安徽蔷薇属植物资源及其开发利用

通过大量的实地调查、查阅文献和腊叶标本,初步查清了安徽蔷薇属植物资源,约有13种,9变种和2型.同时,列出了其主要分布地;阐述了其生物学特性、经济价值及开发利用的现状和途径.     

中国蔷薇属6个种的染色体研究

本文对原产中国的蔷薇属6种植物(Rosa spp.)进行了染色体观察,其中1种(巨花蔷薇(Rosa gigantea(Crep)Rehd.et Wils.))为国家重点保护植物,2种(疏花蔷薇(R.laxa Retz.)、宽刺蔷薇(R.platyacantha Shrenk))为国内首次报道。观察结果如下:染色体数目为2n=2x=14或2n=3x=21,均为小型染色体(2.24—2.78μm),其中大部分长度接近,染色体长度之比小于2;属对称核型。文中讨论了一些种(变种)的染色体数目及核型。     

Enhancement of in vitro organogenetic capacity of rose by preculture of donor shoots on the medium with thidiazuron

Rose genotypes can be recalcitrant in in vitro regeneration. A lack of competence for regeneration results in unsatisfactory numbers of adventitious shoots, which diminishes achievements in use of genetic engineering in rose modern breeding. Among the factors which can partially overcome this problem is the use of thidiazuron (TDZ) in the induction phase of regeneration. We studied the use of TDZ in concentrations 0.05 and 1.0 mg l⁻¹, in the medium for the culture of donor shoots with the aim of increasing the regeneration competence of five rose cultivars differing in their regeneration ability. All the tested genotypes increased their regeneration potential when the donor shoots were cultured on TDZ media for 15 or 30 days. The strongest effect, doubling to quadrupling the number of shoots, was obtained in the cultivars characterized by the lowest regeneration potential. This enhanced regeneration ability was maintained through two or three subsequent 4-week long regeneration passages.     

Using RAPDs to study phylogenetic relationships in Rosa

Nineteen species of rose (Rosa sp.) were analysed using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers (RAPD). Each 10-base-long arbitrary primer produced a specific DNA banding pattern that grouped plants belonging to the same species and botanical sections as predicted from their genetic background. One hundred and seventy-five amplification products were examined by cluster analysis to assess the genetic relationships among species and their genetic distances. All of the accessions belonging to 1 species grouped together before branching to other species. Dendrograms constructed for intra- and inter-specific studies showed a good correlation with previous classifications by different authors based on morphological and cariological studies. Our results show that the RAPD technique is a sensitive and precise tool for genomic analysis in rose, being useful in assigning unclassified accessions to specific taxonomic groups or else allowing accessions classified by traditional criteria to be re-classified.     

29个香蕉基因型遗传多样性的SRAP分析

采用SRAP分子标记技术对29个香蕉品种(系)的多样性进行研究,结果显示,64对SRAP引物中筛选出25个多态性较高的引物组合,共扩增出324条条带;UPGAM聚类图显示所有供试的29个香蕉品种(系)可分为2个类群且与基因型相一致;实验结果与形态、农艺性状标记分类基本一致。研究表明,SRAP技术可有效运用于香蕉基因型的遗传和育种研究。     

Survey of bovine mycotic mastitis in dairy herds in the State of São Paulo,Brazil

The purpose of this study was to isolate fungi from the quarter milk of cow udders from several dairy herds and to identify the different genera and species involved in mastitis. A total of 2078 milk samples from normal, clinical and subclinical mastitis quarters from 22 dairy herds of 16 districts in the State of São Paulo, Brazil was utilized in this survey. Two hundred and fifty one (12.07%) fungi were isolated from the samples. Two hundred and eight of these (82.86%) were yeasts and 30 (11.95%) were moulds. The fungi were isolated in pure culture (24.77%) or in cultures mixed with bacteria (72.22%). The yeasts isolated were:Cryptococcus spp. (71 strains),Rhodotorula spp. (40),Candida spp. (68),Trichosporon cutaneum (21),Aureobasidium pullulans (7), andPichia ohmeri (1). Moulds classified in following genera were also isolated:Aspergillus (3),Penicillium (3),Alternaria (3),Phoma (3),Epicoccum (2), andGeotrichum (16).     

Occurrence of Yeasts in Cloacae of Migratory Birds

Several species of yeast have been reported as pathogens in humans based on increases in immunodeficiency syndromes and as a result of immunosuppressant chemotherapy in cancer treatment. Domestic and wild birds are known to act as carriers of human pathogenic fungi. To gain additional information on the yeasts present in the cloacae of some species of migratory birds, 421 wild birds (24.39% out of 1726 birds caught in Romania, Hungary and Bulgaria) were sampled with the permission of the local judicial authority. The state of conservation of the birds (i.e. post-mortem alterations, colour of the mucosae etc.), along with their age and sex were determined. Samples were collected directly from the cloacae and cultured, and colonies were identified in each positive sample. Yeasts were isolated from 15.7% of the animals sampled, with the highest percentage found in coots (Fulica atra −58.8%) and the lowest in quails (Coturnix coturnix −1.7%). A total of 131 isolates belonging to 15 species of yeast were identified. Rhodotorula rubra was the yeast with the highest number of isolates (28.2%), followed by Cryptococcus albidus (18.4%), Candida albicans (9.2%), Trichosporon cutaneum (8.4%), Candida guilliermondii (6.1%), Candida tropicalis (6.1%) and other species. The present study represents the first survey on the occurrence of yeasts in the cloacae of migratory birds. The prevalence and species of yeasts isolated is discussed on the basis of the ecology, diet, and habitat of the birds.     

弯孢类炭疽菌菌株的RAPD分析与分类研究

通过RAPD分析对38个不同寄主来源的弯孢类炭疽菌菌株的系统发育及分类进行研究。结果表明:许多引物的RAPD扩增带型在种内是相似或一致的,而种间差异较大。UPGMA聚类分析的结果表明:38个弯孢类炭疽菌菌株被聚为6个类群,群内菌株之间遗传相似性较高,而群间遗传相似性较低;群与群之间分界明显,表明种的分界相当明显。因此,RAPD分析所反映的种间亲缘关系,将有助于疑难种分类地位的确定和近似种的区分。RAPD分析的结果还揭示了一些近似种的分类关系,如按传统方法分别鉴定为Colletotrichumtruncatum、C.circinans和辣椒炭疽菌C.capsici的许多菌株聚类在同一群内,有很高的遗传相似性,实验结果支持它们为同一个种。实验中还发现5条辣椒炭疽菌的特有片断,分别由引物OPE-14、OPH-15(2条)、OPM-12和OPM-20扩增产生。这些特异带的发现对该菌的快速检测和鉴定具有重要意义。     

Polyamines in Paul's Scarlet rose suspension cultures

Polyamine concentrations have been determined at intervals in suspension cultures of Paul's Scarlet rose cells during a culture period of 2 weeks. The mean concentrations of the putrescine, spermidine and spermine in the cells of the inocula were respectively 73, 70 and 13 nmol/g fresh weight. Putrescine at fitst increased with a peak (160 nmol/g) after 6 h, declined to a minimum (14 nmol/g) after 2–3 days, increased to a second peak (180 nmol/g) after 5–6 days, and then declined slowly to the concentration of the inoculum (taken on day 14). Spermidine rose slowly (×2.6) to a broad peak over 3–6 days (180 nmol/g), then declined slowly to the concentration in the inoculum. Spermine showed a rapid increase to a peak (130 nmol/g) after 2–3 days, and then declined rapidly, reaching the inoculum concentration by day 6. In one experiment the three amines showed a minor peak at day 11. Changes in spermine and RNA contents appeared to be correlated. DNA content reached a peak after that of the RNA (day 3) and did not appear to be correlated with the content of putrescine or the polyamines.     

何首乌不同种质花粉形态及进化趋势研究

采用电镜扫描法,对48份何首乌种质的花粉形态进行了观察和分析。结果表明:何首乌花粉形状主要为椭球形,少量为长椭球形和近球形,部分种质花粉形状正处于椭球形向长椭球形进化的阶段;极面观主要为三裂圆形,部分种质的变异为半球状、四边形、凹陷状或平三角形;赤道面观主要为椭圆形,部分种质为三角形或四边形;萌发沟3条,狭长,几达两极,部分种质的1条或2条萌发沟中部或近极端处隆起,2条或3条萌发沟在极端处相交;表面纹饰为穴状,部分种质的穴中出现小孔。研究结果表明,何首乌物种正处于活跃进化阶段且因区域及生境的差异其进化速度不一致,低纬度地区的种质进化程度较高纬度地区的高,其最初的起源中心可能位于高纬度地区,在向低纬度地区迁移过程中其花粉形态发生了不同程度的变异。