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木本植物快速繁殖途径及其增殖效率的影响因素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍木本植物快速繁殖的3种途径,即腋芽生枝、器官发生和体细胞胚发生途径。总结了木本植物快速繁殖过程中影响其增殖效率的因素,认为进行木本植物快速繁殖,应扩大取材范围、综合考虑多种因素的作用。 相似文献
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禾本科植物组织培养中的体细胞胚胎发生 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
在植物组织培养中,形态发生的途径通常有两条:一条是器官发生(Organogensis),另一条是胚胎发生(Embryogenesis)。在胚胎发生途径中形成类似合子胚而被称为胚状体的结构。根据外植体的不同来源,胚状体又可分为两类,即由普通植物体的各种器官、组织等的二倍体细胞产生的体细胞胚(Somatic embryos)和由小孢子或其分裂产物等单倍体细胞产生的花粉胚(Polleuembryos)。本文主要论述体细胞胚胎的发生。 相似文献
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概述了国内外红麻等麻类作物快速繁殖、花药培养、原生质体培养、体细胞胚发生、器官发生等几个方面的组织培养以及遗传转化的研究进展,并对存在的问题进行了讨论,提出了进一步研究的一些见解,以期为促进麻类组织培养及遗传转化研究提供科学依据。 相似文献
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香根草体细胞胚胎发生的细胞学特点与形成条件 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
香根草是一种优良的生态环境治理植物,但也存在着一些局限性。为了对香根草进行遗传改良,选育出性状更优、抗性更强的新品种,开展了香根草离体培养研究。离体培养采用了两种外植体,一是带腋芽的节,二是由器官发生方式所产生的无菌不定芽。基本培养基为MS,根据不同的目的附加不同种类或配比的生长素与细胞分裂素。观察到香根草的外植体的离体发育途径,有器官发生和体细胞胚胎发生两种,依培养基中所含细胞分裂素或生长素的种类和用量不同而异。结果表明,香根草的这两种离体发育途径的植株再生能力均可以长期保持。细胞学的研究显示,香根草离体发育的启动可在外植体的表皮细胞或薄壁细胞中进行,这些细胞逐渐发育成为胚性细胞。胚性细胞分裂活跃,经二细胞、四细胞而发育成为多细胞的胚性细胞团。由显微观察可知,香根草的体细胞胚胎发生是单细胞起源的,成熟的体细胞胚具有单子叶植物典型的胚胎结构。在分化培养基的作用下,体细胞胚组织上所有的胚状体可以出芽而形成再生植株。所建立的香根草体细胞胚胎发生的植株再生体系,完全适用于遗传转化等生物工程方法对离体培养要求。此外,还观察到一些一般只有在双子叶植物才出现的鱼雷形体细胞胚,这是体细胞胚胎发生中的异常现象。认为这种异常胚是离体培养所引起的。 相似文献
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栎属植物体细胞胚胎发生研究现状 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
总结了影响栎属植物体细胞胚胎发生的主要可控因素及体细胞胚的遗传变异,组织学研究现状。目前,已能从成年组织上诱导出体细胞胚,但诱导率较低。重复性体胚发生系统已被认为是一种可资利用的繁殖途径,倍受关注。应用DNA分子标记分析表明:体胚细胞系内存在遗传变异。成熟和较低的萌发率是这一技术广泛应用的瓶颈。 相似文献
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蔷薇科植物体细胞胚胎发生及影响因素研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
总结了近30年来蔷薇科植物体细胞胚胎发生及影响因素的研究进展。蔷薇科植物体胚发生多数是直接发生途径和间接发生途径同时存在,但以间接发生途径为主。合子胚作为外植体明显好于营养器官作为外植体。诱导体胚发生的植物生长素类调节剂以NAA、2,4-D为主,细胞分裂素类调节剂以6-BA为主,少数植物种类的体胚诱导需要添加KT。冷处理对蔷薇科植物的体胚分化有效。光照对蔷薇科植物的体胚发生没有显著的影响,有时光照会抑制体胚发生。今后应逐步开展对蔷薇科植物体细胞胚胎发生的生理、生化及分子机理的研究,这在蔷薇科植物的新品种培育、遗传改良、优良单株的离体扩殖等具有重要意义。 相似文献
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姜科姜黄属植物是市场上重要的鲜切花和园林绿化品种,且多数物种具有很高的药用价值。但姜黄属目前主流的块茎分株繁殖法面临着诸如繁殖质量可控性差、速度慢等一系列问题,因而限制了其市场的规模发展。姜黄属植物的组织培养快繁技术能为其提供高效的繁殖途径,批量生产出优质可控的种苗,为满足市场需求提供重要的技术支撑。本研究总结出姜黄属组织培养过程中各阶段的技术现状,通过不同培养方法探讨了目前姜黄属植物组培技术存在的问题和未来的方向,希望为姜黄属植物组培快繁提供技术参考。 相似文献
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Lance C. Heath Shih-Foong Chin Donald Spencer Thomas J. V. Higgins 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1993,35(1):43-48
Regeneration of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) was achieved by both shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Shoots derived via organogenesis were initiated from the hypocotyls of mature imbibed seed. The hypocotyl, including the emerging radicle, was sliced longitudinally into two halves and cultured on shoot induction medium. After 30 days, adventitious shoots were formed from the hypocotyl region while the radicle showed no development. Shoots were then subcultured onto shoot multiplication medium and finally onto a root initiation medium. Histological studies revealed that shoots arose de novo and did not originate from pre-existing meristems. In the second regeneration protocol, shoot apical meristems from young seedlings were induced to form callus. Following four to six weeks culture in the dark, somatic embryos appeared spontaneously on the calli. A majority of embryos had a well-defined root pole, two cotyledonary lobes, and were capable of germination, albeit at a low frequency. Regenerated plants obtained from both protocols appeared phenotypically normal. 相似文献
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In forestry, vegetative propagation is important for the production of selected genotypes and shortening the selection cycles
in genetic improvement programs. In vivo cutting production, in vitro organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis are applicable with conifers. However, with most coniferous species these methods
are not yet suitable for commercial application. Large-scale production of clonal material using cuttings or organogenesis
is hindered by rooting problems and difficulties in the maturation and conversion limit the use of somatic embryogenesis.
Economically important conifers form symbiotic relationship mostly with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, which increase the fitness
of the host tree. Several studies have shown the potential of using ECM fungi in conifer vegetative propagation. Inoculation
with specific fungi can enhance root formation and/or subsequent root branching of in vivo cuttings and in vitro adventitious shoots. Germination of somatic embryos and subsequent root growth can also be improved by the use of ECM fungi.
In addition, inoculation can increase the tree's ability to overcome the stress related to ex vitro transfer. A specific interaction between a fungal strain and tree clone occurs during root induction and germination of somatic
embryos. Multiple rooting factors exist in this interaction that complicate the predictability of the response to inoculation.
Fungal-specific factors that influence rooting responses to inoculation may include plant growth regulator production, modification
of the rooting environment, and interactions with beneficial microbes. A combination of these factors may act synergistically
to result in positive responses in tree genotypes that are compatible with the fungus. 相似文献
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Chun-Lai Zhang Dong-Fang Chen Malcolm C. Elliott Adrian Slater 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(2):305-310
Summary Improved in vitro tissue culture systems are needed to facilitate the application of recombinant DNA technology to the improvement of sugar
beet germplasm. The effects of N
6-benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) pretreatment on adventitious shoot and somatic embryogenesis regeneration were evaluated
in a range of sugar beet breeding lines and commercial varieties. Petiole explants showed higher frequencies of direct adventitious
shoot formation and produced more shoots per explant than leaf lamina explants. TDZ was more effective than BA for the promotion
of shoot formation. The optimal TDZ concentrations were 2.3–4.6 μM for the induction of adventitious shoot regeneration. Direct somatic embryogenesis from intact seedlings could be induced
by either BA or TDZ. TDZ-induced somatic embryogenesis occurred on the lower surface of cotyledons at concentrations of 0.5–2μM and was less genotype-dependent than with Ba. A high frequency of callus induction could be obtained from seedlings and leaf
explants, but only a few of the calluses derived from leaf explants could regenerate to plants via indirect somatic embryogenesis. These results demonstrated that TDZ could prove to be a more effective cytokinin for in vitro culture of sugar beet than BA. Rapid and efficient regeneration of plants using TDZ may provide a route for the production
of transgenic sugar beet following Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. 相似文献
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Immature inflorescences of kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L. cv. GPUK-3) were cultured on MS medium. Induction of embryogenic callus and subsequent somatic embryogenesis was possible
on both 2,4-D and Picloram alone or with kinetin from spikelets as well as rachis. Immature inflorescence cultured on medium
supplemented with lower levels of Picloram in combination with kinetin developed organogenic callus with shoot buds. Direct
somatic embryo formation on rachis was observed at higher levels of Picloram in combination with kinetin. Plant regeneration
was observed when calluses were transferred to α-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) plus 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) supplemented MS
medium. Histological observations provided a clear evidence for both somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis. Profuse
rooting was induced on phenylacetic acid (PAA) supplemented medium. Regenerated plants were successfully transferred to pots
under field conditions where most of the plants survived and set normal seeds. 相似文献
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Summary Medicinal plants are valuable sources of medicinal and many other pharmaceutical products. The conventional propagation method
is the principal means of propagation and takes a long time for multiplication because of a low rate of fruit set, and/or
poor germination and also sometimes clonal uniformity is not maintained through seeds. The plants used in the phyto-pharmaceutical
preparations are obtained mainly from the natural growing areas. With the increase in the demand for the erude drugs, the
plants are being overexploited, threatening the survival of many rate species. Also, many medicinal plant species are disappearing
at an alarming rate due to rapid agricultural and urban development, uncontrolled deforestation, and indiscriminate collection.
Advanced biotechnological methods of culturing plant cells and tissues should provide new means for conserving and rapidly
propagating valuable, rare, and endangered medicinal plants. The purpose of the present review is to focus the application
of tissue culture technology for in vitro propagation via somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis and the cell suspension culture with suitable examples reported earlier.
An overview of tissue culture studies on important Chinese medicinal plants and related species is presented. 相似文献
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G. H. Ma C. X. He H. Ren Q. M. Zhang S. J. Li X. H. Zhang B. Eric 《Biologia Plantarum》2010,54(2):361-365
An efficient propagation system via somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration system for endangered species Primulina tabacum Hance was established. Thidiazuron (TDZ) was the key plant growth regulator for inducing somatic embryogenesis and kinetin
(KIN) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) were the key cytokinins for inducing shoot organogenesis from leaf explants. TDZ combined
with BAP or KIN in the induction Murashige and Skoog medium induced both somatic embryos and adventitious shoots. Leaf explants
with abaxial site in contact with the medium induced less somatic embryos or adventitious shoots compared to inversely placed
leaf explants and the optimum pH was 6.5–7.0. Secondary somatic embryos or adventitious shoot could be induced from primary
somatic embryos using TDZ and BAP. Shoots developed adventitious roots on rooting medium containing 0.5 μM indole-3-butyric
acid and 0.2 % activated carbon. Over 90 % of plantlets survived following acclimatization and transfer to potting mixture
(sand:Vermiculite:limestone; 1:2:1). 相似文献
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Summary Micropropagation of the anti-cancer plant Camptotheca acuminata Decaisne from axillary buds and seed embryos was investigated. Axillary buds from greenhouse seedlings required a period
of culture in media free of N6-benzyladenine (BA) before multiple shoot induction began. Direct induction of multiple shoots on BA-containing medium resulted
in high mortality of the axillary buds. Multiple shoot induction from the greenhouse axillary buds was best achieved on B5
with 4.4 μM BA+0.5μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid, forming an average of three 2-mm tall shoots per bud in 8 wk. Elongation of these multiple shoots
was successful at a lower BA level (0.22 μM) on B5 medium. Both in vitro and ex vitro rooting of the microcuttings was feasible with indole-3-butyric acid in the culture media, but ex vitro rooting led to high plantlet survival. Seed embryos were not ideal explants for multiple shoot induction. Shoot tips and
axillary buds of in vitro-germinated seedlings showed an optimal multiple shoot formation on B5 with 8.9 μM BA, double the optimal BA level for greenhouse axillary buds. Using axillary buds to propagate C. acuminata plants in vitro is feasible for mass propagation of desired clonal lines high in camptothecin concentrations. 相似文献
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Antioxidant Enzyme Activities during in vitro Morphogenesis of Gladiolus and the Effect of Application of Antioxidants on Plant Regeneration 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Activity of antioxidant enzymes was evaluated during somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis from cultured leaf segments
of Gladiolus hybridus Hort. The effect of exogenous antioxidants on somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis has also been monitored. Activity
of superoxide dismutase (SOD) gradually increased during somatic embryogenesis. while activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase
(POX) decreased. In contrast, increase in CAT and POX activity and a concomitant decrease in SOD activity were noted during
shoot organogenesis. Exogenous application of antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH), α-tocopherol and ascorbate (AA) inhibited
somatic embryogenesis but stimulated shoot organogenesis. The frequency of somatic embryogenesis increased with the addition
of H2O2. However, H2O2 inhibited shoot organogenesis.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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María Laura Vidoz Pablo Klusacek Hebe Yolanda Rey Luis Amado Mroginski 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2006,86(1):111-115
In vitro protocols for plant regeneration of Arachis correntina through both somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis were developed using immature leaves as explants. Morphologically normal somatic embryos were obtained on culture media composed of 20.70 or 41.41 μM picloram (PIC) with the addition of 0.044 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), resulting in a 33 and 24% of conversion into plants, respectively. The source of explants and the developmental stage of the leaves had a marked effect on somatic embryogenesis. The second folded immature leaves from in vitro growing plants were the most responsive producing up to 30% embryogenesis in MS+41.41 μM PIC. Embryos converted into plants after transfer to MS medium devoid of growth regulators and these plants were successfully acclimatised. Adventitious shoots were obtained on culture media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) with or without 0.044 μM BA, achieving plant regeneration in the induction media. The highest percentage of bud formation was obtained on culture medium composed of␣MS+10.74 μM NAA+0.044 μM BA (12.5%). Roots were formed on all culture media tested. Regenerated plants were transferred to pots and grew well under greenhouse conditions. 相似文献
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Biodiversity conservation and conservation biotechnology tools 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Barbara M. Reed Viswambharan Sarasan Michael Kane Eric Bunn Valerie C. Pence 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2011,47(1):1-4
This special issue is dedicated to the in vitro tools and methods used to conserve the genetic diversity of rare and threatened plant species from around the world. Species
that are on the brink of extinction because of the rapid loss of genetic diversity and habitat come mainly from resource-poor
areas of the world and from global biodiversity hotspots and island countries. These species are unique because they are endemic,
and only a few small populations or sometimes only a few individuals remain in the wild. Therefore, the challenges to support
conservation by in vitro measures are many and varied. The editors of this invited issue solicited papers from experts from Asia, Africa, Europe,
Australia, and North and South America. This compilation of articles describes the efforts in these diverse regions toward
saving plants from extinction, and details the direct application of in vitro and cryopreservation methods. In addition, these contributions provide guidance on propagation of rare plants, including
techniques for large-scale propagation, storage, and reintroduction. The in vitro techniques for conserving plant biodiversity include shoot apical or axillary-meristem-based micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis,
cell culture technologies and embryo rescue techniques, as well as a range of in vitro cold storage and cryopreservation protocols, and they are discussed in depth in this issue. 相似文献