斑点热群立克次体的PCR／SSCP分型技术研究

本文应用PCR／SSCP技术对斑点热群立克次体国际标准株、国内各参考株及黑龙江立克农作54株、36株进行了分型鉴定。结果显示各株之间SSCP图谱差异明显,国内各参考株的SSCP,图谱与西伯利亚立克次体的图谱完全一致,黑龙江立克次作的图谱与国内各株显著不同。分析表明,我国存在2种斑点热群立克次体,即西伯利亚立克农作种和斑点热群立克次体新种－黑龙江立克次体。同时证明应用PCP／SSCP技术分析斑点热群立克农作型别,具有方法简单、经济省时、结果准确等优点。该分型技术应用于立克次体分型国内外未见报道。     

应用PCR技术检测病人血液标本中斑点热群立克次体DNA

本文以聚合酶链反应（PCR）,采用二次扩增法直接检测蜱传斑点热病人血液标本中斑点热群立克次体DNA,结果从7份标本中检出阳性1份,进一步的限制性片段多态性分析证明和斑点热群黑龙江立克次体基因型相同。实验证明：黑龙江立克次体对人具有致病性,同时也证明PCR技术快速、简单、敏感,用于斑点热群立克次体的早期诊断是可行的,并可作出分型鉴定。     

中朝边境地区林区鼠类几种重要蜱媒病原体感染的血清学调查

为了解东北林区啮齿动物蜱媒传染病感染状况,采用间接免疫荧光法对吉林省集安、辽宁省宽甸林区捕获的野鼠进行7种蜱媒病原体Ig G抗体检测,检测鼠血清75份,斑点热立克次体、粒细胞无形体、查菲埃立克体、伯氏疏螺旋体、蜱媒脑炎病毒、新布尼亚病毒、土拉弗菌抗体阳性率分别为13.33%、8.00%、14.67%、4.00%、1.33%、6.67%、1.33%,统计学处理差异非常显著(χ2=19.83,P=0.003)。不同鼠种对7种蜱媒病原体抗体检出阳性率各不相同,但差异无统计学意义。75份野鼠标本中,复合感染率为8%。调查地区野鼠中7种蜱媒病原体感染比较普遍,以斑点热立克次体和查菲埃立克体阳性率为高。     

微生物相变研究概况

微生物相变研究概况第三军医大学临床微生物教研室重庆６３００３８刘俊康,徐启旺１９２２年Ａｎｄｒｅｗ［１］首次描述了连续传代培养的伤寒沙门氏菌鞭毛抗原的相变现象,之后Ｓｔｒｏｋｅｒ等［２］证实,Ｑ热立克次休存在着相变异现象,在豚鼠传至３０８代的Ｑ热立克...     

气相色谱-质谱法对斑点热群立克次体

本文报告应用气相色谱-质谱法分析了13株斑点热群立克欢体(7株中国分离株和6株国际标准株）泛影葡胺密度梯度离心纯化物的全细胞脂肪酸成分。结果表明,各被检测的立克次体株所含主要脂肪酸成分百分含量有区别,所得色谱图经多兀聚类法处埋的7株中国分离株与国际标准株中的西伯利亚立克次体相近,而与其它国际标准株则有明显区别。     

10年来新发现的立克次体

近１０年来国内外发现了一些属于立克次体科立克次体属、罗沙利马体属、埃立克体属的新种。本文对日本立克次体（Ｒｉｃｋｅｔｔｓｉａ Ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ）、黑龙江立克次体（Ｒ．ｈｅｉｌｏｎｇｊｉｎａｎｇｉ）、汉赛氏罗沙利马体（Ｒ．ｈｅｎｓｅｌａｅ）、伊丽莎白罗沙利马体（Ｒ．ｅｌｉｚａｂｅｔｈａｅ）、查菲埃立克体的发现和鉴定过程,生物学特性和致病性等作一介绍。     

恙虫热立克次体(宫崎地区分离株)在BSC—1细胞中的增殖

恙虫热立克次氏体的致病性有多种类型。从宫崎地区的恙虫病患者中分离出的立克次氏体对小白鼠致病性弱,小白鼠虽可感染发病,但不死亡,很难在腹腔内细胞或脾中发现立克次氏体。在一般恙虫热立克次氏体的研究中常用的鸡胚卵黄囊和细胞培养法中几乎不繁殖,这就使立克次     

立克次体分类研究的进展

由于分子生物学在立克次体分类研究中的应用,立克次体的分类发生了很大的变化,原属立克次体科,立克次体族的罗沙利马体属和柯克斯体属,均因１６ＳｒＲＮＡ序列分析表明与其它立克次体亲椽关系较远,而建议它们不属于立克次体科,前者近年来已改称巴通体属,立克次体属中的恙虫病立克次体亦因其表型和基因型特点而有另立一新属的建议,埃立克体属中亦增加了对人致病的新成员。     

布鲁氏菌与乙型肝炎感染者血清交叉凝集的实验报告

布鲁氏菌与乙型肝炎感染者血清交叉凝集的实验报告大连市卫生防疫站大连１１６０２１顾聘兰,郭菊玲,孙茂利布鲁氏菌与伤寒、付伤寒、结核、绿脓杆菌、小肠那尔森氏菌、Ｏｘ１９变形菌、Ｑ热立克次体等在血清反应中,已有交叉凝集的报告。但与乙肝病毒感染者血清能否发生...     

黑龙江立克次体与黑龙江蜱传斑点热研究概况

黑龙江立克次体是近年发现的斑点热群立克次体新种,由其引起的疾病为黑龙江蜱传斑点热。综述了黑龙江立克次体的发现、分离鉴定、病原学和分子生物学特征,介绍了黑龙江蜱传斑点热的流行病学、临床表现及治疗与预防。     

Differentiation of Coxiella burnetii isolates by sequence determination and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of isocitrate dehydrogenase gene

The isocitrate dehydrogenase (icd) gene of Coxiella burnetii was cloned and sequenced to differentiate between isolates with various geographic origins and phenotypic properties. Based on the gene sequences all 19 isolates studied could be divided into three groups. Group 1 contained isolates originating from acute cases of Q fever, ticks and cows. Groups 2 and 3 included isolates from chronic Q fever patients and a prototype strain from an aborted goat. Although the icd gene profiles were different among isolates of the latter two groups, there were two base differences common for both groups which could be used as markers to distinguish them from group 1 isolates. Based on one of the markers a simple method using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was developed for rapid differentiation of C. burnetii isolates as well as for direct detection and differentiation of the bacterium in human serum samples. Taken together, the study results suggest that the icd-based differentiation method may be useful in clinical investigation of Coxiella infections.     

Detecting and measuring small numbers of viable Coxiella burnetii

Coxiella burnetii is an acidophilic, intracellular bacterium that causes the human disease Q fever. In some studies, it is important to distinguish between viable and nonviable C.?burnetii. We compared four methods for detecting and measuring viable C.?burnetii in biological samples as follows: growth in two different cell culture lines, infection of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice (leading to death) and infection of SCID mice with detection of C.?burnetii in their spleen (after euthanasia at day 50 postinfection). Two isolates of C.?burnetii were used ('Henzerling' and 'Arandale'). Our in-house qPCR assay for C.?burnetii DNA was used as a control. SCID mouse inoculation was more sensitive than cell culture. The assay that detected C.?burnetii in SCID mouse spleens was slightly more sensitive than SCID mice deaths alone. Approximately one viable C.?burnetii cell could be detected by this method, making it suitable for determining the viability of C.?burnetii in a sample.     

Coxiella burnetii infection of marine mammals in the Pacific Northwest, 1997-2010

Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Humans are commonly exposed via inhalation of aerosolized bacteria derived from the waste products of domesticated sheep and goats, and particularly from products generated during parturition. However, many other species can be infected with C. burnetii, and the host range and full zoonotic potential of C. burnetii is unknown. Two cases of C. burnetii infection in marine mammal placenta have been reported, but it is not known if this infection is common in marine mammals. To address this issue, placenta samples were collected from Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi), harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), and Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). Coxiella burnetii was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the placentas of Pacific harbor seals (17/27), harbor porpoises (2/6), and Steller sea lions (1/2) collected in the Pacific Northwest. A serosurvey of 215 Pacific harbor seals sampled in inland and outer coastal areas of the Pacific Northwest showed that 34.0% (73/215) had antibodies against either Phase 1 or Phase 2 C. burnetii. These results suggest that C. burnetii infection is common among marine mammals in this region.     

PCR法对鸡卵黄中Coxiella burnetii菌的测定

[目的]通过用定量PCR加巢式PCR方法,提高了对Coxiella burnetii (C.b)CoMl基因的检出率;通过对鸡卵中病原微生物Coxiella burnetii的基因检测,明确鸡卵的食品安全性;并对明确Coxiella burnetii的流行病学有重要意义.[方法]提取鸡卵DNA,用定量PCR加巢式PCR方法检测上述基因,并对PCR产物进行测序分析,通过间接免疫荧光法观察鸡血白细胞中的微生物.[结果]用定量PCR加巢式PCR方法可检出4个以上的Coxiella burnetii Coml基因,用此方法可测出鸡卵中Coxiella burnetii Coml基因达104-106个,阳性率为5％-22％;对阳性鸡卵Coml基因PCR产物的测序结果显示有变异菌株的存在;免疫荧光法可见鸡卵中含有该微生物.[结论]由此认为鸡卵中存在病原微生物Coxiella burnetii,可能是Q热传染源.     

Detection of Coxiella burnetii in cow's milk by PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay combined with a novel sample preparation method.

The use of an adequate concentration of Triton X-100 enhanced immunomagnetic separation of Coxiella burnetii from milk. PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA) could detect coxiellas more sensitively than could conventional PCR. PCR-ELISA is therefore thought to be suitable for the simultaneous assay of a large number of samples. However, the number of cows from which raw milk tested positive for coxiellas by PCR-ELISA was inconsistent with that found with the antibody to coxiella by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The inconsistency is thought to be associated with the differences in the infectious route, infectious dose, or the timing of yielding the antibody and the period of duration of the antibody.     

Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus) in Western Australia

We investigated the role of the western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus) in the maintenance and transmission of Coxiella burnetii in Western Australia. Sera from 1,017 kangaroos were tested using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of C. burnetii antibodies. The overall antibody prevalence across 12 locations throughout mid- to southwestern Western Australia was 24.1% (95% CI: 21.6-26.8). Feces from 990 of the same animals were tested using PCR to identify active shedding of C. burnetii in excreta. Coxiella burnetii DNA was detected in 4.1% (95% CI: 3.1-5.6) of samples. Our results suggest that kangaroos are reservoirs for C. burnetii in Western Australia and may contribute to transmission of the organism to domestic livestock and humans.     

Detection of Coxiella burnetii in complex matrices by using multiplex quantitative PCR during a major Q fever outbreak in The Netherlands

Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetii, is a zoonosis with a worldwide distribution. A large rural area in the southeast of the Netherlands was heavily affected by Q fever between 2007 and 2009. This initiated the development of a robust and internally controlled multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for the detection of C. burnetii DNA in veterinary and environmental matrices on suspected Q fever-affected farms. The qPCR detects three C. burnetii targets (icd, com1, and IS1111) and one Bacillus thuringiensis internal control target (cry1b). Bacillus thuringiensis spores were added to samples to control both DNA extraction and PCR amplification. The performance of the qPCR assay was investigated and showed a high efficiency; a limit of detection of 13.0, 10.6, and 10.4 copies per reaction for the targets icd, com1, and IS1111, respectively; and no cross-reactivity with the nontarget organisms tested. Screening for C. burnetii DNA on 29 suspected Q fever-affected farms during the Q fever epidemic in 2008 showed that swabs from dust-accumulating surfaces contained higher levels of C. burnetii DNA than vaginal swabs from goats or sheep. PCR inhibition by coextracted substances was observed in some environmental samples, and 10- or 100-fold dilutions of samples were sufficient to obtain interpretable signals for both the C. burnetii targets and the internal control. The inclusion of an internal control target and three C. burnetii targets in one multiplex qPCR assay showed that complex veterinary and environmental matrices can be screened reliably for the presence of C. burnetii DNA during an outbreak.     

Detection of Coxiella burnetii DNA in inhalable airborne dust samples from goat farms after mandatory culling

Coxiella burnetii is thought to infect humans primarily via airborne transmission. However, air measurements of C. burnetii are sparse. We detected C. burnetii DNA in inhalable and PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic size of 10 μm or less) dust samples collected at three affected goat farms, demonstrating that low levels of C. burnetii DNA are present in inhalable size fractions.     

The autophagic pathway is actively modulated by phase II Coxiella burnetii to efficiently replicate in the host cell

The etiologic agent of Q fever Coxiella burnetii, is an intracellular obligate parasite that develops large vacuoles with phagolysosomal characteristics, containing multiple replicating bacteria. We have previously shown that Phase II C. burnetii replicative vacuoles generated after 24-48 h post infection are decorated with the autophagic protein LC3. The aim of the present study was to examine, at earlier stages of infection, the distribution and roles of the small GTPases Rab5 and Rab7, markers of early and late endosomes respectively, as well as of the protein LC3 on C. burnetii trafficking. Our results indicate that: (i) Coxiella phagosomes (Cph) acquire the two Rab proteins sequentially during infection; (ii) overexpression of a dominant negative mutant form of Rab5, but not of Rab7, impaired Coxiella entry, whereas both Rab5 and Rab7 dominant negative mutants inhibited vacuole formation; (iii) Cph colocalized with the protein LC3 as early as 5 min after infection; acquisition of this protein appeared to be a bacterially driven process, because it was inhibited by the bacteriostatic antibiotic chloramphenicol and (iv) C. burnetii delayed the arrival of the typical lysosomal protease cathepsin D to the Cph, which delay is further increased by starvation-induced autophagy. Based on our results we propose that C. burnetii transits through the normal endo/phagocytic pathway but actively interacts with autophagosomes at early times after infection. This intersection with the autophagic pathway delays fusion with the lysosomal compartment possibly favouring the intracellular differentiation and survival of the bacteria.     

Identification of the Coxiella sp. detected from Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks in Korea

Two Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks were found positive in PCR assay of com-1 gene to detect Coxiella burnetii DNA from 100 ticks. The nucleotide sequences of com-1 and 16S rRNA gene were determined from 2 ticks and compared with those of other C. burnetii strains. The results suggest that H. longicornis harbor Coxiella sp. bacteria in Korea. Furthermore, icd, cbhE', and cbbE' genes are C. burnetii specific genes whereas com-1 gene is Coxiella genus specific gene. This study gives the first documentation to prove the existence of Coxiella sp. in tick collected in Korea.