新疆赛里木湖流域表土花粉组合与现代植被关系研究

通过对新疆赛里木湖流域现代植被调查及不同植被带的53个表土样品花粉鉴定分析,深入研究了该区域表土花粉组合与现代植被的关系。研究结果表明:表土花粉组合可反映出该流域植被的总体特征,赛里木湖流域不同植被带内花粉组合差异显著,依据花粉谱特征可以分为草原带、针叶林带、森林灌丛带、亚高山草甸带、荒漠草原带、草原灌丛带、荒漠植被带;云杉属、蒿属、藜科、禾本科含量高、变化明显,可作为该流域古环境重建的重要参考依据;蒿属/藜科(A/C)比值可以用来区分荒漠植被带和荒漠草原带,荒漠植被带A/C值平均为0.62,荒漠草原带A/C值平均为1.55,1是两者之间的界值;云杉属花粉含量≥30%时可认为该样品来自于云杉林,云杉属-蒿属-禾本科等花粉组合表明森林(灌丛)的存在,亚高山草甸以蒿属-禾本科-云杉属组合为主,(荒漠)草原(灌丛)以蒿属-藜科-禾本科为主,藜科-蒿属是荒漠植被的建群种。     

内蒙古中部四子王旗荒漠草原过渡带表土花粉分析

通过研究内蒙古中部四子王旗地区的表土花粉,试图揭示荒漠草原地区小尺度范围中表土花粉的植被和气侯指示意义.源自4个不同植物群落的19块表土花粉显示:研究区表土花粉组合主要以草本植物蒿属(Artemisia)、藜科(Chenopodiaceae)花粉占优势,两者百分含量一般在60%以上;禾本科(Poaceae)花粉具低代表性,平均含量在5%左右;另含有一定数量的白刺属(Nitraria)、麻黄属(Ephedra)、菊科(Asteraceae)和葱属(Allium)等花粉为特征.笔者首次提出的(蒿属+禾本科+菊科)/(白刺属+麻黄属+藜科)百分比值,有效地揭示了研究区北部较南部要干旱,与A/C比值及当地现生植被生境和气候因子相吻合.研究结果对我国内陆干旱、半干旱荒漠草原区第四纪古植被的恢复,以及古气候的重建提供了参照依据.     

北疆表土花粉组合及其与植被和气候的关系

通过对比分析北疆荒漠草原区和典型草原区表土和牛粪样品中的孢粉组合,发现这两类样品的孢粉组合大体相近,其乔木花粉百分比大都低于10%,灌木花粉平均为5.6%,草本花粉大都高于70%,并以藜科(Chenopodiaceae)、蒿属(Artemisia)为最主要的花粉类型。牛粪中孢粉种类低于表土,且乔木花粉含量(2.04%)亦低于表土(3.78%)。表土形成的时间存在一定的不确定性,而牛粪为现代样品,牛粪的孢粉组成可能会更好地指示现代植被组成,因而牛粪样品可以在北疆荒漠草原、典型草原地区作为一种新的现代孢粉研究材料。从荒漠草原到典型草原,表土中乔木花粉百分比增多,灌木和草本下降;而牛粪中则相反,乔木花粉百分比下降,灌木和草本的比例上升,这可能与牛以草本植物为主要食物有关。表土和牛粪样品中主要种属(蔷薇科、禾本科、伞形科、豆科等)与环境因子的主成分分析显示,孢粉组合与多年平均6—8月降水量和年均降水量的相关性最显著,其次为最冷月平均温度和最热月平均温度,而与年均温相关性较低。该研究结果指示,降水可能是影响北疆现代植被空间分布的最主要因素。     

内蒙古中部表土花粉研究

采用花粉百分含量分析和主成分分析方法对内蒙古中部表土花粉与植被的关系进行了对比研究 ,探讨了草原花粉组合的特点及其形成原因。研究发现 ,草原区表土花粉以藜科和蒿属 ( Artemisia)为主 ,并以前者占优势地位 ,麻黄属 ( Ephedra)亦较常见。草原区植被的 A/C(蒿属 /藜科 )值较干旱区草原植被为低 ,分布规律也较干旱区复杂 ,但仍能反应干旱程度的差别 ,而且还反映了草原植被的退化程度。松属 ( Pinus)和桦属 ( Betula)的花粉在个别样品中占有较大比例 ,是环境噪音 (指外源性的、超代表性的花粉 )的主要来源。不同植被类型在花粉组合上各有特点 ,可以从花粉百分含量的数量特征上进行区分。在研究中还发现草原区的严重退化在花粉组合上具有明显表现     

新疆中天山山间盆地表土花粉谱特征

基于中天山山间盆地58个表土样品花粉谱特征,结合植物群落样方物种调查结果,分析了该区域表土花粉与现代植被分布的对应关系。结果表明:(1)中天山山间盆地表土花粉组合与现代植被分布相一致,聚类分析结果将研究区分为5个植被带,按海拔由低到高的顺序分别对应荒漠草原带、山地草原带、山地森林带、亚高山草甸带、高山流石坡植被带。主成分分析第1轴揭示,湿度是植被带形成的重要影响因素。植被带之间花粉组合差异显著,荒漠草原带藜科-蒿属花粉组合优势明显,山地草原带则表现为蒿属-禾本科-藜科花粉组合,云杉属-蒿属-禾本科-藜科花粉组合及云杉属含量25%共同指示山地森林带的存在,亚高山草甸带花粉组合表现为莎草科-斗篷草属-蒿属-禾本科-藜科,高山流石坡植被带以蒿属-藜科-莎草科-斗篷草属-禾本科花粉组合为主。(2)蒿属、藜科、禾本科、云杉属、莎草科、斗篷草属是中天山山间盆地的代表物种,可作为古环境重建的重要参考。蒿属、藜科表现出超代表性,禾本科则相反。(3)中天山山间盆地植被带表土花粉分布及含量影响因素复杂,云杉属花粉受西风环流影响较大,蒿属、藜科花粉受人类活动影响显著。     

青藏高原中部兹格塘错流域表土花粉的初步研究

通过对青藏高原中部兹格塘错流域12个样品的花粉资料进行分析,结果显示,花粉组合特征能够很好地反映流域植被的总体特征。研究区花粉组合主要以草本植物花粉为主,其中莎草科花粉含量占绝对优势,平均为58.1%,其次为禾本科花粉,平均为14.7%,还有少量的菊科、蒿属、蔷薇科、藜科、石竹科和毛茛科等植物花粉。同时,笔者利用禾本科+蒿属与莎草科含量[(G+A)/Cy]比值作为区分青藏高原中部兹格塘错流域高寒草原区与草甸区不同植被类型的依据,并认为其比值大于0.1为高寒草原区,反之为高寒草甸区。该研究为青藏高原中部及其它地区利用花粉重建古植被提供了重要的参考依据。     

阴山山脉东段花粉通量及其与表土花粉比较研究

阴山山脉东段蛮汉山和大青山山顶草甸、桦木林、虎榛子灌丛、人工油松林及杂草草原5个植被类型花粉通量与表土花粉对比研究发现,不同植被类型及同一植被类型不同样点花粉通量和花粉浓度差异明显,捕捉器样品花粉源区面积小于表土样品,能较好地反映样品点周围植被组成,但受虫媒植物和局地植物花粉影响,与表土样品花粉组合差异明显;表土样品中松属、桦属、蒿属及藜科花粉含量多高于捕捉器样品,表明这些花粉不仅易于传播,而且在表土中具有较强的保存能力;禾本科花粉具低代表性,花粉保存能力较低.地层花粉分析中应引起注意.     

西天山南坡表土花粉分析

通过对西天山南坡不同植被带52个表土花粉样品的鉴定,研究表土花粉组合与现代植被分布的关系,分析蒿属/藜科比值(A/C)在该区域的指示意义.结果表明:山顶至山底可以划分为5个植被带,分别为高山荒漠带、高山草甸带、草甸草原带、山地荒漠带、典型荒漠带,代表性科属为蒿属、藜科、禾本科和麻黄属,该区域不同植被类型表土样品花粉组合差异明显.西天山南坡表土花粉在一定程度上受到北坡的影响,海拔越高影响越大.A/C值随海拔升高而先升高再降低,在高山草甸区域达到最高,可以作为反映山地垂直方向气候干湿变化的有效指标.由于A/C值波动较大,利用该比值进行气候环境重建时,需注意受人类活动等因素影响所产生的高值可能带来误判.     

新疆石河子南山地区表土花粉研究

天山作为亚洲大陆最大的山系之一,横贯于新疆的中部,成为分隔南、北疆自然地理区系的山系,它对花粉的传播、保存、搬运与沉积具有重大作用。根据对西北干旱区域新疆石河子南山地区一条沿着海拔高度从2400 m到300 m的样带所采集的23个表土花粉样品的孢粉组合图式和现代植被样方调查资料,探讨了北坡垂直带的植被与表土花粉之间的关系。该区表土孢粉谱可分为4个孢粉组合带,分别对应森林植被带、森林草原植被带、蒿属荒漠带和典型荒漠带。比较特殊的是典型荒漠带被划分为两个亚带,一个亚带是以蒿属、藜科占主要成分的典型荒漠带,另一亚带蒿属、藜科含量较高并含有大量沼泽蕨和芦苇植硅体,兼具典型荒漠和湿地特征。在海拔400 m以上,孢粉组合与现代植被的对应关系较好,带Ⅰ中较高含量的云杉花粉验证了以云杉为主的森林植被带。带Ⅱ中以云杉为主的乔木植物和含量较高的藜科、蒿属和蓼属等草本植物为主的孢粉组合特征与森林-草原植被带的植被特征较为类似。云杉属花粉在海拔低于1350 m的地方即林带下方所占的比例很小,一方面由于距林地的距离较远,另一方面,可能是山风气流对云杉花粉往下搬运的能力较弱所致。带Ⅲ的蒿属花粉含量较高,与该带植被中绢蒿较多有一定的关系,带Ⅳ以藜科为主的花粉组合特征代表了这个植被带的荒漠植被类型。但是在海拔400 m之下,带Ⅳ的亚带Ⅳ₂的高含量的沼泽蕨和芦苇植硅体的孢粉组合在一定程度上还代表了古湿地环境。通过该部分表土花粉组合特征与草滩湖剖面孢粉谱的对比,验证了当地农业种植选址的生态可行性,同时就开垦程度对环境的影响进行了初步探讨。另外,亚带Ⅳ₂的蒿属/藜科(Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae(A/C))比值比亚带Ⅳ₁高,可能与该样点受人为扰动较大有关。     

山西西部吕梁山中北段现代花粉散布特征

山西西部吕梁山中北段关帝山和芦芽山地区7个不同植被类型共计15个表土样品和7个捕捉器样品表土花粉组合特征和花粉通量研究表明:(1)表土和捕捉器样品花粉组合中主要类型与植被组成中优势类型一致.(2)关帝山与芦芽山现代花粉组合特征差异明显,芦芽山地区花粉组合中草本花粉占优势,百分比多高于50%,乔木花粉百分比多低于50%,花粉通量平均为27194 grains/(cm2 · a);关帝山乔木花粉占优势, 百分比多高于50%,草本花粉多低于30%,花粉通量平均为57961 grains/(cm2 · a).(3)松属、云杉属和蒿属花粉在表土样品中的百分比远高于捕捉器样品,显示较强的保存能力;落叶松属、桦属和栎属花粉在表土样品中的百分比明显低于捕捉器样品,显示花粉保存能力相对较差.(4)样品聚类分析和DCA分析结果显示:二者分析结果具有很好的一致性,花粉组合最主要的控制因子是温度.     

Determinants of pollen dispersal in the East Asian steppe at different spatial scales

Two sites from the East Asian steppe, the Mu Us Sandland as a regional case and the Anguli Nuur catchment as a local one, were chosen to detect roles of vegetation, climate, landform, and human disturbance on pollen dispersal. 1) Vegetation: The semi-arid steppe vegetation is characterized by Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae pollen under various vegetation conditions; however, no evident correlation between pollen percentages and corresponding plant species cover is found. 2) Climate: Samples under different Mean Annual Precipitations (MAPs) clearly distinguish themselves in the Mu Us Sandland, implying MAP-determined surface pollen spectra in regional scale. 3) Landform: Surface pollen assemblages in the azonal psammophytic vegetation and lowland meadow, show insignificant variance from the zonal steppe vegetation. The azonal halophilous vegetation, mostly distributed in the lowland or near the lake shore, leads to higher than average percentages of Chenopodiaceae pollen. Signal of exotic Pinus pollen is also strengthened in the lowland and lake sediment. 4) Human disturbance: The role of human disturbance on surface pollen assemblages is weak, as shown in the Mu Us Sandland.

This study also provides theoretical bases for quantitative reconstructions of palaeoclimate and palaeovegetation based on fossil pollen spectra from lake sediments and lowland soils in the semi-arid East Asian steppe. We suggest that calibration against locally dispersed pollen taxa is necessary to reliably reconstruct changes in vegetation pattern through time, for example, a factor of 1.75 for the widely used A/C (Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae) ratio is suggested according to the pollen assemblages in the surface layers of the lake sediment vs. slope soil in Anguli Nuur. However, uncertainties also exist for such calibration considering the dynamics of local-scale azonal vegetation.     

样地尺度现代表土花粉与植物群落的定量关系

建立现代植被与表土花粉的精确关系,是基于孢粉记录定量重建古植被与古气候的基础与关键。截止目前,植物群落样方记录较少参与到现代植被与花粉的统计分析中,限制了其精确关系的定量表达。本文通过中国东北样带的森林、草甸草原、典型草原和荒漠草原33个表土样品分析及植被样方调查,基于Bray-Curtis相异系数,研究了东北样带现代表土花粉与植物群落组成和数量之间的定量关系。结果表明: 由于花粉传播距离和花粉产量大小的不同,单个样点的所有科属、优势和常见科属、少见和稀有科属,在组成和数量上的关系存在差异。不同植被类型间差异显著,草甸草原在组成上差异较大,而所有科属、优势和常见科属的数量关系在森林中差异较大,少见和稀有科属的数量关系则在草甸草原中差异较大。不同科属的植被-花粉关系在组成和数量上的趋势基本一致,根据Bray-Curtis相异系数可将该地区花粉类群划分为3类: 超代表性类型、低代表性类型和适中代表性类型。该系数可以获得样方水平和物种水平上植被-花粉的物种组成和数量关系,是定量描述植被-花粉关系的有效指标之一。     

Numerical Characteristics of Pollen Assemblages of Surface Samples from the West Kunlun Mountains

A total of 31 suface sediment samples were collected from West Kunlun Mountain in south Xinjiang Autonomous Region in northwest China. These samples are from seven types of vegetation: Picea schrenkiana Fisch. et Mey. forest, Sabina Spach. woodland, sub-alpine steppe, alpine meadow, desert vegetion, cushion-vegetation and vegetation adjancent to glaciers. Pollen percentages and pollen concentrations were calculated in all samples. The dominant pollen types in the region are Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia, Picea, Ephedra, Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Rosaceae, Leguminosae, Compositae etc. In order to reveal the relationship between pollen composition and the vegetation type from which the soil sample was collected, principal component analysis and group average cluster analysis were employed on the pollen data. The results revealed that the major vegetation types in this region could be distinguished by pollen composition: a. Samples from desert vegetation were dominated by pollen of Chenopodiaceae (about 60195%). The percentages of all other pollen types were low. b. Picea forest samples were rich in Picea pollen (about 20%) Sabina forest had more Sabina pollen grains than other vegetation types (about 5%, others <1%). Pollen percentages of Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Ephedra were comparatively higher (each about 20%) in these samples from the two types of vegetations. C. Pollen percentages of Artemisia, Cyperaceae, Gramineae and Chenopodiaceae were high in both sub-alpine steppe and alpine meadow. But steppe containal more Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae (steppe 33.75% and 32.30%, meadow 15.57% and 19.48% in average), less Cyperaceae and Gramineae (steppe 2.58% and 7.60%, meadow 22.35% and 12.93% in average) than meadow. d. Samples from cushion-vegetation and vegetation adjacent to glaciers were mainly composed of pollen grains transported from other sites. It was not easy to distinguish them from other vegetation types. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis distinguish samples from Picea forest, Sabina woodland, sub-alpine steppe, alpine meadow and desert vegetation. Therefore we think it will be possible to apply the module to reconstruct past vegetation in this region and other similar regions. Regression analysis was also applied to reveal the relationships between pollen and plant percentages of Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Cyperaceae and Gramineae. The results indicated that a linear relationship existed between pollen and plant percentages for Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Cyperaeeae.     

Interpretation of the last‐glacial vegetation of eastern‐central Europe using modern analogues from southern Siberia

Aim Interpretation of fossil pollen assemblages may benefit greatly from comparisons with modern palynological and vegetation analogues. To interpret the full‐ and late‐glacial vegetation in eastern‐central Europe we compared fossil pollen assemblages from this region with modern pollen assemblages from various vegetation types in southern Siberia, which presumably include the closest modern analogues of the last‐glacial vegetation of central Europe. Location Czech and Slovak Republics (fossil pollen assemblages); Western Sayan Mountains, southern Siberia (modern pollen assemblages). Methods Eighty‐eight modern pollen spectra were sampled in 14 vegetation types of Siberian forest, tundra and steppe, and compared with the last‐glacial pollen spectra from seven central European localities using principal components analysis. Results Both full‐ and late‐glacial pollen spectra from the valleys of the Western Carpathians (altitudes 350–610 m) are similar to modern pollen spectra from southern Siberian taiga, hemiboreal forest and dwarf‐birch tundra. The full‐glacial and early late‐glacial pollen spectra from lowland river valleys in the Bohemian Massif (altitudes 185–190 m) also indicate the presence of patches of hemiboreal forest or taiga. Other late‐glacial pollen spectra from the Bohemian Massif suggest an open landscape with steppe or tundra or a mosaic of both, possibly with small patches of hemiboreal forest. Main conclusions Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that during the full glacial and late glacial, the mountain valleys of the north‐western Carpathians supported taiga or hemiboreal forest dominated by Larix, Pinus cembra, Pinus sylvestris and Picea, along with some steppic or tundra formations. Forests tended to be increasingly open or patchy towards the west (Moravian lowlands), gradually passing into the generally treeless landscape of Bohemia, with possible woodland patches in locally favourable sites.     

Study on Surface Pollen in Middle Inner Mongolia,China

The paper deals with features of pollen assemblages and their relationship to vegetation by comparing the results from surface pollen analysis with that from sample determination. It showed that Chenopodiaceae dominate with some Artemisia and a few Ephedra in steppe area. Although A/C (Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae) value was lower and more complicated than arid steppe area, it could reflect the humidity and the level of grass degeneration. The much more Pinus and Betula pollen percentage might be the main environmental noise source produced as statistical error. There were no obvious difference on pollen assemblage among the steppe types as Stipa gobica, S. krylovii, Peganum-Achnatherum except Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae pollen. However, there were some difference among meadow steppe, viz. sparse Ulmus pumila and Salisc tree, Aneurolepidium chinense and also the types like Salisc flavida, Stipa gobica, S. krylovii, Peganum-Achnatherum. Features of pollen assemblage in steppe degeneration and applications of PCA (principal component analysis) and method on surface pollen analysis were discussed.     

Anthropogenic and climatic impacts on surface pollen assemblages along a precipitation gradient in north‐eastern China

Aim To understand the scenarios of ‘anthropogenic biomes’ that integrate human and ecological systems, we need to explore the impacts of climate and human disturbance on vegetation in the past and present. Interactions among surface pollen, modern vegetation and human activities along climate and land‐use gradients are tested to evaluate the natural and anthropogenic forces shaping the modern vegetation, and hence to aid the reconstruction of vegetation and climate in the past. This in turn will help with future predictions. Location The North‐east China Transect (NECT) in north‐eastern China. Methods We analysed 33 surface pollen samples and 213 quadrats across four vegetation zones along the moisture/land‐use gradients of the NECT. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) of 52 pollen taxa and three environmental variables were used to distinguish anthropogenic and climatic factors that affect surface pollen assemblages along the NECT. Results The 33 surface samples are divided into four pollen zones (forest, meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe) corresponding to major vegetation types in the NECT. Variations in pollen ratios of fern/herb (F/H), Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae (A/C) and arboreal pollen/non‐arboreal pollen (AP/NAP) represent the vegetation and precipitation gradient along the NECT. DCA and RDA analyses suggest that surface pollen assemblages are significantly influenced by the precipitation gradient. Changes in the abundance of Chenopodiaceae pollen are related to both human activities and precipitation. Main conclusions Surface pollen assemblages, fossil pollen records, archaeological evidence and historical documents in northern China show that a large increase of Chenopodiaceae pollen indicates human‐caused vegetation degradation in sandy habitats. The A/C ratio is a good indicator of climatic aridity, but should be used in conjunction with multiple proxies of human activities and climate change in the pollen‐based reconstruction of anthropogenic biomes.     

Modern pollen–vegetation relationships along transects on the Whangapoua Estuary, Great Barrier Island, northern New Zealand

Aims To quantify pollen–vegetation relationships from saline to freshwater in an estuarine gradient from surface samples of the modern pollen rain, to allow more accurate interpretations of the stratigraphic palynological record. Location Whangapoua Estuary, Great Barrier Island, northern New Zealand. Methods Six transects were laid out along a vegetation sequence running from estuarine mud to freshwater swamp. Along these transect lines, 108 plots were sampled for vegetation and surface sediments from wet sand, mud, plant litter or moss (sand and mud sites are inundated by most tides, other sites less frequently). All sediment samples were analysed for pollen. The relationships between plant species frequency and pollen representation were examined at a community scale using twinspan and ordination analyses, and for individual species using fidelity and dispersibility indices, regression and box‐plot analyses. Results The quantitative relationships between source taxon vegetation frequency and its pollen representation varied between species due to differential pollen production and dispersal. twinspan of the surface pollen samples suggests five vegetation types: (A) mangrove (Avicennia marina); (C) Leptocarpus similis salt meadow; (D) Baumea sedges; (E) Leptospermum shrubland; and (F) Typha/Cordyline swamp forest. The (B) Juncus kraussii community is not represented palynologically owing to the destruction of its delicate pollen grains during acetolysis of samples. Detrended correspondence analysis places these communities on an estuarine‐to‐freshwater gradient. However, pollen assemblages at the seaward end of the salinity gradient are less clearly representative of the associated vegetation than those at the landward end, probably because the open vegetation at the former allows the influx of wind‐ and water‐dispersed pollen from surrounding vegetation. Main conclusions The vegetation pattern (zonation) at Whangapoua is reflected in the pollen rain. When the long‐distance and over‐represented pollen types are excluded, five out of six of the broad vegetation communities can be identified by their pollen spectra. Species with high fidelity and low‐to‐moderate dispersibility indices can be used to identify the vegetation types in the sedimentary sequences. The more open vegetation types at the ‘marine end’ of the sequence tend to be ‘overwhelmed’ by regional pollen, but the nature of the sediments and the presence of discriminatory species (e.g. A. marina, Plagianthus divaricatus, Cordyline australis), even in small amounts, will allow correct identification of the local vegetation represented in sedimentary palynological sequences. A box‐plot analysis indicates that the pollen and spore types A. marina (mangroves), Sarcocornia quinqueflora (salt meadow), P. divaricatus (sedges), Gleichenia (shrubland) and C. australis (swamp forest) are highly discriminatory in relation to vegetation type. These discriminatory palynomorphs help with the interpretation of stratigraphic pollen studies. However, salt marsh vegetation communities in the sediments must be interpreted with caution as the marine sediments are easily affected by erosion, bioturbation and tidal inundation effects.     

Modern pollen samples from alpine vegetation on the Tibetan Plateau

• 1 A set of 316 modern surface pollen samples, sampling all the alpine vegetation types that occur on the Tibetan Plateau, has been compiled and analysed. Between 82 and 92% of the pollen present in these samples is derived from only 28 major taxa. These 28 taxa include examples of both tree (AP) and herb (NAP) pollen types.
• 2 Most of the modern surface pollen samples accurately reflect the composition of the modern vegetation in the sampling region. However, airborne dust‐trap pollen samples do not provide a reliable assessment of the modern vegetation. Dust‐trap samples contain much higher percentages of tree pollen than non‐dust‐trap samples, and many of the taxa present are exotic. In the extremely windy environments of the Tibetan Plateau, contamination of dust‐trap samples by long‐distance transport of exotic pollen is a serious problem.
• 3 The most characteristic vegetation types present on the Tibetan Plateau are alpine meadows, steppe and desert. Non‐arboreal pollen (NAP) therefore dominates the pollen samples in most regions. Percentages of arboreal pollen (AP) are high in samples from the southern and eastern Tibetan Plateau, where alpine forests are an important component of the vegetation. The relative importance of forest and non‐forest vegetation across the Plateau clearly follows climatic gradients: forests occur on the southern and eastern margins of the Plateau, supported by the penetration of moisture‐bearing airmasses associated with the Indian and Pacific summer monsoons; open, treeless vegetation is dominant in the interior and northern margins of the Plateau, far from these moisture sources.
• 4 The different types of non‐forest vegetation are characterized by different modern pollen assemblages. Thus, alpine deserts are characterized by high percentages of Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia, with Ephedra and Nitraria. Alpine meadows are characterized by high percentages of Cyperaceae and Artemisia, with Ranunculaceae and Polygonaceae. Alpine steppe is characterized by high abundances of Artemisia, with Compositae, Cruciferae and Chenopodiaceae. Although Artemisia is a common component of all non‐forest vegetation types on the Tibetan Plateau, the presence of other taxa makes it possible to discriminate between the different vegetation types.
• 5 The good agreement between modern vegetation and modern surface pollen samples across the Tibetan Plateau provides a measure of the reliability of using pollen data to reconstruct past vegetation patterns in non‐forested areas.

     

中国现代花粉数据集

孢粉是重建古植被、古气候的重要基础数据。孢粉数据库对研究样点至区域和全球尺度上的古环境演变规律、古气候变化特征反演和古生物地球化学循环模拟等具有重要意义。该文收集整理了中国1960-2020年间发表和部分未发表的现代花粉数据记录, 包括样品编号、采样位置、采样地经纬度和海拔高度、样品类型、数据来源、数据类型、周边植被信息、参考文献、花粉类群及其含量等信息; 并对数据进行筛选和标准化等处理, 由此整合为中国现代花粉数据集。该数据集由4 497个现代花粉采样点的数据信息组成, 包括660个来自中国第四纪孢粉数据库数据, 1 763个前期整理发表的数据和2 074个近期收集的数据, 涵盖772个花粉类群。样品类型以土壤表层样品(3 332个)为主, 苔藓样品以及湖泊、海洋表层样品等为辅, 广泛分布于全国不同地理区域和植被类型中, 其中以温带荒漠区域(24.91%)和亚热带常绿阔叶林区域(24.02%)最丰富, 其次为温带草原区域(16.14%)和青藏高原高寒植被区域(15.83%)。数据按照来源可分为原始数据(58%)和数值化数据(42%); 按照数据类型可分为原始统计粒数的样点(59%)和以花粉百分比表达的样点(41%)。半个多世纪以来, 科研人员开展了大量的表层现代花粉取样和研究。本数据集虽然仅获取部分记录, 但样点覆盖了我国绝大多数地区, 可有效地用于古植被与古气候重建的现代孢粉与现代植被校验, 并将为中国孢粉数据库的建立与更深入的孢粉研究提供数据支撑。