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1.
莱氏拟乌贼缠卵腺的显微与超微结构   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了解莱氏拟乌贼(Sepioteuthis lessoniana)缠卵腺的结构和功能,本研究采用组织切片技术和透射电镜技术对该腺体进行显微与超微结构观察。结果显示,缠卵腺由腺壁组织、分泌叶瓣和结缔组织组成。其中,腺壁组织由外膜层和肌肉层组成,位于腺体外部;分泌叶瓣是腺体的主要部分,由分泌细胞和支持细胞组成,分泌细胞具有分泌功能,支持细胞起到支持分泌细胞的作用。分泌叶瓣两侧为分泌细胞,分泌细胞较大,细胞内细胞器丰富,包括大量线粒体、内质网和高尔基体,此外分泌细胞内充满分泌物质,主要是蛋白泡。结缔组织夹杂在外膜层和分泌叶瓣中。分析认为,莱氏拟乌贼的缠卵腺是一种典型的分泌型腺体,其分泌的凝胶物质主要功能是形成第三层卵膜,以保护受精卵免受外界环境侵袭。  相似文献   

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日本血吸虫尾蚴头腺及钻腺的超微结构   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
何毅勋  谢觅 《动物学报》1994,40(2):113-118
通过电镜观察发现:日本血吸虫尾蚴的头腺为多导管的单细胞腺,由腺体部和若干突起状的短导管构成,其分泌小体呈圆形或卵圆形,平均大小为 0. 29 × 0. 23μm,具有同心的环层膜状结构。前钻腺含有 A、B两型分泌小体。 A型分泌小体近似圆形,平均大小为 0. 46× 0. 32μm,基质为电子致密的均 匀结构;B型分泌小体数量众多,略呈不规则的圆形,平均大小为1.02×0.82μm,基质为中等电子致 密并含十余个小圆形的电子透亮区。后钻腺含有椭圆形或长条状的分泌小体,平均大小为0.97×0.62μm,基质呈同质性,或伴有电子密度较深的圆形聚集物,或基质呈泡沫状。每根钻腺导管 的胞质外周具有许多沿导管长轴纵行的微管结构,在导管周围有纤维性网状构造包绕,起着对细长导管的支架作用。在导管束外周又有大量肌纤维包统而形成的鞘状结构,它对管内分泌小体的排出可能具有选择性控制作用。  相似文献   

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王智 《生物资源》2023,(4):348-354
本文对鸟类哈氏腺的解剖学、组织学及生理功能的研究进展进行了综述,对其未来的研究方向进行了展望,以期为此领域的研究提供参考。大多数鸟类哈氏腺的形态大体上无实质性差异,最常见的与家鸡相似:形状不规则,腺体被一层薄的结缔组织包膜隔成不同的小叶。根据小叶结构和排列在腺泡及小管的上皮细胞种类,鸟类哈氏腺可分为三类,即复管泡状腺,复管状腺和混合型腺,复管泡状腺中家鸡为代表,复管状腺中家鸭为代表,混合型中秃鼻乌鸦(Corvus frugilegus)为代表。腺体结构的类型可能与鸟类习性和行为有关。鸟类哈氏腺除最基本的润滑角膜和瞬膜功能外,还是B细胞活化和终末分化以及浆细胞增殖的场所,作为外周免疫器官,与脾脏、法氏囊和盲肠集合淋巴样组织一起构成决定鸟类全身和局部免疫反应的器官系统。  相似文献   

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应用光学显微镜和电子显微镜技术,观察了麝鼠(Onda zibethica)香腺囊的组织结构,证明香腺由腺细胞、支持细胞和排香管组成。顶浆分泌方式泌香。简述了各级排香管的细胞结构及功能,为建立麝鼠人工活体取香和体外泌香奠定了组织学基础。  相似文献   

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王浆是由工蜂的咽下腺所分泌,咽下腺位于工蜂头腔内两侧,每侧腺体都有一条长而粗的分泌管,在分泌管的两侧平行排列有许多椭圆形小叶,每个小叶内有十多个细胞,每个细胞有一根胞外管与分泌管直接相通,细胞内有一条胞内管又与胞外管相连。王浆就是通过细胞内分泌块分泌而成,由胞内管把王浆输送到胞外管,最后由分泌管到咽喉部,在此处饲喂王浆给蜂王、幼蜂和雄蜂。通过咽下腺的超微结构观察,不仅了解到咽下腺各种细胞器的形态特征,同时也了解到输送王浆的途径。  相似文献   

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锯缘青蟹窦腺显微和超微结构研究   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
借助光学和电子显微镜观察据缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)窦腺的形态结构。窦腺位于眼柄视神经节内髓背侧近外髓处。窦腺呈羹状;腺体壁山神经分泌细胞的末梢和神经胶质细胞组成。神经末梢内充满了电子致密的神经分泌颗粒。根据颗粒的大小、形态及电子致密度等特征,可以区分出4种类型的神经末梢。一些末梢中的多形性颗粒可能是由Ⅱ型末梢中的颗粒转变而成的。一些现象表明,神经分泌物质可以通过胞吐作用或一种类似“顶浆分泌”的方式释放,从而说明神经激素的释放可能是多途径的.  相似文献   

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【目的】蟋螽是直翅目中唯一具有吐丝筑巢行为的类群。本研究旨在探讨蟋螽丝腺的结构特点。【方法】应用解剖学观察、免疫荧光、苏木精-伊红染色、PAS苏木精染色、扫描电镜和透射电镜等方法从细胞水平对黑缘烟蟋螽Capnogryllacris nigromarginata丝腺的显微与超微结构进行了观察。【结果】黑缘烟蟋螽丝腺由导管和腺泡构成。腺泡由鞘细胞延伸形成的结缔组织鞘包围。腺泡的主体有4种细胞,分别为Ⅰ型分泌细胞、Ⅱ型分泌细胞、围细胞和腔细胞。Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型分泌细胞为大的腺细胞,形状不规则。分泌细胞细胞核很大,胞质内有大量的内质网和分泌颗粒。Ⅰ型分泌细胞靠近腺泡中心,PAS-苏木精染色表明Ⅰ型分泌细胞内含糖蛋白,Ⅱ型分泌细胞在腺泡外周,位于Ⅰ型分泌细胞与围细胞或结缔组织鞘之间。腔细胞分散在分泌细胞之间,包围形成胞外运输分泌物的通道。围细胞与鞘细胞接触,具有由细胞膜内陷形成的微绒毛腔,胞质内有大量的线粒体。围细胞微绒毛腔与腔细胞包围的细胞外运输通道相连,分泌细胞分泌的颗粒聚集在分泌细胞和胞外运输通道之间的连接处,并将分泌物排出至胞外运输通道。多个腺泡的胞外运输通道汇集到由单层细胞组成的丝腺导管。单层导管细胞靠近管腔外围具有规则排列的质膜内陷和大量伸长的线粒体;靠近管腔的一侧具连续的细胞膜突起,在导管壁的表皮下紧密排列。【结论】黑缘烟蟋螽丝腺分泌细胞分为Ⅰ型分泌细胞和Ⅱ型分泌细胞。分泌物质产生及分泌过程依次经过分泌细胞、腔细胞包围的胞外通道、分支导管、总导管和唾窦。其中在腺泡细胞之间,分泌物向外运输过程中,围细胞微绒毛腔的微丝束可能对分泌物的外排提供推动力。  相似文献   

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大蟾蜍耳后腺显微和超微结构的观察   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文借助光、电镜技术研究了大蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans)休眠期和活动期耳后腺的形态结构特征及分泌方式。结果表明其耳后腺为单管泡状腺,由导管部和分泌部组成,分泌方式主要为顶浆分泌,兼有部分全浆分泌。  相似文献   

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对黑胸散白蚁(Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder)腹腺整体装片和切片进行了描述。腹腺分前、后两部分。“腹腺前部”有两类分泌细胞和一个中央腔。两类分泌细胞中,一类是圆形,个体较大;另一类细胞突起很长,具扁平的核。复盖于腹腺前部的体壁上有许多小管和一些感器,表明腹腺前部的分泌细胞产物可能是经体壁上的小管或者先贮存于中央腔中,再经体壁小管逸出体外。“腹腺后部”由大的椭圆形分泌细胞组成。根据腹腺前部紧贴于第Ⅴ腹节表皮层,而腹腺后部是可动的,并且复盖于腹腺后部的体壁上无排出小管,作者认为这些细胞的分泌物可能是释放入血淋巴中。腹腺前部及腹腺后部分泌细胞的分泌物可能有不同的机能,有待于进一步研究。  相似文献   

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本研究旨在探究林麝(Moschus berezovskii)在不同年龄和泌香期与非泌香期香腺的组织结构变化,为深入研究林麝香腺发育和麝香分泌机制提供基础资料。收集6只雄性林麝的香腺组织,包括泌香期2岁龄林麝1例,非泌香期6月龄、2岁龄、4岁龄、6岁龄和8岁龄林麝各1例,采用大体解剖、石蜡切片及常规H.E染色技术,对香腺的形态、组织特征及腺泡直径进行了比较分析。结果显示,林麝香腺位于腹部阴囊与腹脐之间,与阴囊的距离约为4.5 cm。根据功能,香腺可划分为香囊部和腺体部。负责分泌麝香液的腺体组织为肉眼可见的白色颗粒,嵌入腺体部肌层深处并环绕香囊颈分布。6月龄林麝香腺已具有成熟腺体结构,但腺上皮仍处于休止状态;成年林麝香腺的腺泡则增大且数量增多。成年林麝泌香期腺泡被挤压成团状分布,上皮游离面破碎不整,腺泡腔内含有大量明显的颗粒状分泌物与细胞碎屑混合堆积;非泌香期腺泡直径显著大于泌香期(P < 0.01),2岁林麝腺泡表现为紧密排列的椭球形,而4岁及以上的腺泡则呈不规则团状分布,腔内可见颗粒物,且4岁、6岁和8岁的腺泡直径无显著差异(P > 0.05)。林麝香腺组织结构的变化反映了泌香能力与生长阶段的关系。  相似文献   

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In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.  相似文献   

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Shapes of curves of pH-dependence of reactions   总被引:14,自引:14,他引:0  
A simple case is considered in which the rate of a two-step reaction depends on pH because the intermediate formed in the first step has to gain (or lose) a proton before it can react in the second step, and in which the rate-determining step therefore changes with pH. The curves of reaction rate against pH are shown to be symmetrical, and the sharpest peak possible has a width at half its height of 1.53pH units, i.e. of 2log(3+2 radical2). Any particular curve for this situation proves to be identical with a curve that could be generated for the pH-dependence of a single-step reaction in which the rate is proportional to the concentration of a particular ionic form of a reactant. Curves for the latter situation, however, can have forms impossible for the former case in which the rate-determining step changes, but only if the protonations that activate and deactivate the reactant are co-operative. The peak can then become even sharper, and its width at half its height can fall to 1.14pH units, i.e. to 2log(2+ radical3).  相似文献   

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Dietary intakes of tomatoes and tomato products containing lycopene have been shown to be associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases in numerous studies. Serum and tissue lycopene levels have also been inversely related to the risk of lung and prostate cancers. Lycopene functions as a very potent antioxidant, and this is clearly a major important mechanism of lycopene action. In this regard, lycopene can trap singlet oxygen and reduce mutagenesis in the Ames test. However, evidence is accumulating for other mechanisms as well. Lycopene at physiological concentrations can inhibit human cancer cell growth by interfering with growth factor receptor signaling and cell cycle progression specifically in prostate cancer cells without evidence of toxic effects or apoptosis of cells. Studies using human and animal cells have identified a gene, connexin 43, whose expression is upregulated by lycopene and which allows direct intercellular gap junctional communication (GJC). GJC is deficient in many human tumors and its restoration or upregulation is associated with decreased proliferation. The combination of low concentrations of lycopene with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exhibits a synergistic effect on cell proliferation and differentiation and an additive effect on cell cycle progression in the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line, suggesting some interaction at a nuclear or subcellular level. The combination of lycopene and lutein synergistically interact as antioxidants, and this may relate to specific positioning of different carotenoids in membranes. This review will focus on the growing body of evidence that carotenoids have unexpected biologic effects in experimental systems, some of which may contribute to their cancer preventive properties in models of carcinogenesis. Consideration of solubility in vitro, comparison with doses achieved in humans by dietary means, interactions with other phytochemicals, and other potential mechanisms such as stimulation of xenobiotic metabolism, inhibition of cholesterogenesis, modulation of cyclooxygenase pathways, and inhibition of inflammation will be considered. This review will point out areas for future research where more evidence is needed on the effects of lycopene on the etiology of chronic disease.  相似文献   

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