人巨细胞病毒糖蛋白52kD抗原编码区段在大肠杆菌中高效表达

采用聚合酶链反应,从人巨细胞病毒重组质粒克隆pBH中扩增并分离了含糖蛋白52kD抗原编码区段;扩增产物经纯化和EcoR Ⅰ酶切后,与相同酶切的高效表达质粒pBV-220重组,构成含人巨细胞病毒糖蛋白52kD抗原编码区段的高效表达质粒pHcMV 52;用此重组表达质粒转化大肠杆菌JM101,经增殖和42℃温度诱导以及筛选。阳性克隆经12.5％SDS-PAGE表明,外源基因表达蛋白质量占菌体溶解液中蛋白质总量20％。蛋白质印迹(western blot)杂交证实该表达产物具有免疫原性。     

Dhori病毒核蛋白基因的重组表达及其抗体制备

[目的]表达和纯化Dhori病毒(DHOV)核蛋白(NP),并制备多克隆抗体。[方法]RT-PCR扩增NP基因,并克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a和真核表达载体pcDNA3.1中。将重组质粒pET-28a-NP转化至大肠杆菌BL21中诱导表达,SDS-PAGE分析重组蛋白NP(rNP)的表达并亲和层析纯化rNP,以抗DHOV阳性羊血清检测其抗原性,免疫新西兰兔制备抗血清,以ELISA法检测其效价。将pcDNA3.1-NP转染至Vero细胞,以间接免疫荧光法评估抗体的结合活性,Western Blotting检测抗体与重组蛋白的特异性反应能力。[结果]pET-28a-NP和pcDNA3.1-NP重组质粒构建正确,原核表达的rNP约为55.3 kDa,并能被阳性羊血清识别,制备的抗体效价为1:409 600,能特异性识别真核及原核表达产物。[结论]成功表达和纯化rNP,并制备了多克隆抗体,可用于深入研究DHOV核蛋白的生物学特性及其检测试剂。     

H9N2型禽流感病毒核蛋白的原核表达及多克隆抗体制备

目的:利用大肠杆菌表达H9N2禽流感病毒(AIV)核蛋白(NP)与GST的融合蛋白并分离纯化,进行动物免疫制备多克隆抗体。方法:根据AIV NP基因序列设计引物,将已经获得的NP基因定向克隆到GST融合原核表达载体pGEX-KG并转化大肠杆菌,在IPTG诱导下获得高效表达。经谷胱甘肽层析柱分离纯化蛋白,制备抗原免疫家兔,得到pGEX-KG-NP多克隆抗体。结果:SDS-PAGE分析显示融合表达蛋白GST-NP相对分子质量约82 000,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的20%。Western-blot和ELISA检测结果表明,重组NP能与鸡抗AIV抗体发生明显的抗原抗体反应。自制的多克隆抗体能特异地与NP相互作用,可用于AIV病原诊断。结论:获得了NP基因的高效表达产物;制备了效价和特异性良好的抗重组NP多克隆抗体。经实验验证表达产物具有活性,多克隆抗体效价高,特异性强,为AIV病原诊断试剂的研发奠定了基础。     

SARS病毒核蛋白基因的克隆及其表达研究

从一例输入性传染性非典型性肺炎病人血清中提取病毒RNA,通过RT-PCR方法扩增出SARS病毒核蛋白基因片段,克隆入质粒载体pUCm-T后,进行核苷酸序列的测定及分析,与已公布的SARS病毒基因序列进行比较,证实为SARS冠状病毒核蛋白基因.为了解该病毒核蛋白的抗原特性,将核蛋白基因插入表达载体,构建重组质粒pET28a-SN,转导大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后,加IPTG诱导表达.产物经SDS-PAGE电泳分析,表达出相对分子量约为50kDa的蛋白,占整个菌体的45%左右.Western-blot分析表明,表达产物仅与SARS阳性病人血清起反应,而与正常血清不起反应.间接ELISA免疫检测,抗原滴度达112500.表明表达的核蛋白为SARS特异性抗原,这为SARS病毒的诊断试剂的研制提供了方便而安全的抗原来源.     

水泡性口炎病毒核蛋白基因的表达及初步应用

将水泡性口炎病毒编码群特异性抗原的N基因片段克隆至pMD18-T克隆载体质粒中,构建N基因克隆重组质粒,进行核苷酸序列分析。然后亚克隆插入pBAD/Thio TOPO表达载体,经PCR限制性内切酶分析、测序鉴定,筛选获得N基因正向插入、有正确读码框的阳性克隆,成功构建了水泡性口炎病毒N基因重组表达载体。经L-Arabinose诱导表达,可稳定、高效地表达N蛋白抗原。SDS-PAGE、Western blotting及间接ELISA试验结果表明,表达蛋白为融合蛋白,质量约63.5 kD,其表达产量约占菌体总蛋白的16％,相当于92mg/L。融合蛋白中含有水泡性口炎病毒群特异性的核蛋白抗原,应用表达的VSV核蛋白抗原建立了酶联免疫吸附试验,通过对186份山羊、豚鼠实验动物人工感染VSV的血清样品和参考血清样品的检测,并与微量血清中和试验进行了比较,结果表明：以表达的VSV核蛋白为包被抗原的酶联免疫吸附试验是一种特异性强、敏感性高、快速、简单、安全的检测方法,抗原制备成本低。     

拟南芥蛋白磷酸酶TOPP4的原核表达和多克隆抗体纯化

以拟南芥野生型Col-0为材料,对其I型蛋白磷酸酶(TOPP)家族进行序列分析,对家族成员之一的TOPP4进行原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备和纯化。结果显示:(1)该研究构建出原核表达载体pEGM-4T-3-TOPP4和pET-28a-GFP-N150并转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中。(2)经IPTG诱导,表达出分子量约为62kD的GST-TOPP4和分子量约为34kD的His-GFP-N150可溶性重组蛋白。(3)纯化的重组蛋白GST-TOPP4作为抗原免疫新西兰兔后,获得了效价大于1∶400 000的多克隆抗体血清。(4)抗体血清经连接了His-GFP-N150蛋白的溴化氢活化的树脂纯化,得到特异性较高的anti-TOPP4多克隆抗体。研究认为,该研究纯化出了特异的TOPP4蛋白多克隆抗体。     

抗博尔纳病病毒核蛋白多克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

目的利用重组博尔纳病病毒核蛋白进行动物免疫,制备多克隆抗体并对其进行鉴定。方法将重组载体pET14b-p40转化至感受态大肠埃希菌I,PTG诱导融合蛋白的表达,His-tag亲和层析纯化重组核蛋白并作为抗原免疫新西兰大白兔,收集免疫后血清,制备和纯化多克隆抗体,ELISA测定抗体效价,并进行Western-blot鉴定。结果成功制备出核蛋白多克隆抗体,ELISA检测效价高达1︰256000;该抗体与原核和真核系统中表达的核蛋白均能发生特异性反应。结论成功制备了效价和特异性良好的抗重组核蛋白多克隆抗体,为博尔纳病病毒血清免疫学检测方法的建立奠定了基础。     

抗EGFRvⅢ单链抗体的原核表达条件的优化及纯化

为了构建抗EGFRvⅢ单链抗体大肠杆菌表达体系,优化抗EGFRvⅢ单链抗体在大肠杆菌中的表达条件,并建立纯化方法。构建抗EGFRvⅢ单链抗体的pET-22b(+)重组质粒,将其转化到大肠杆菌BL21中,研究不同温度、不同浓度诱导剂对目的蛋白表达效率的影响。用Ni2+亲和层析纯化蛋白,并通过免疫印迹对其进行鉴定。抗EGFRvⅢ单链抗体重组质粒经NdeⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切,菌落PCR和测序验证,结果显示重组质粒构建成功。SDS-PAGE结果表明BL21表达的目的蛋白相对分子量为29kD左右,与理论分子量一致,免疫印迹结果表明在29kD左右出现一条特异性条带,与SDS-PAGE结果一致。15℃和0.6μmol/L的诱导剂为抗EGFRvⅢ单链抗体的最佳诱导条件。本研究成功构建了抗EGFRvⅢ单链抗体大肠杆菌表达体系,并获得了大肠杆菌表达单链抗体的最佳诱导条件。     

SARS病毒核蛋白基因的克隆及其表达研究

从一例输入性传染性非典型性肺炎病人血清中提取病毒RNA,通过RT—PCR方法扩增出SARS病毒核蛋白基因片段,克隆入质粒载体pUCm—T后,进行核苷酸序列的测定及分析,与已公布的SARS病毒基因序列进行比较,证实为SARS冠状病毒核蛋白基因。为了解该病毒核蛋白的抗原特性,将核蛋白基因插入表达载体,构建重组质粒pET28a—SN,转导大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后,加IPTG诱导表达。产物经SDS—PAGE电泳分析,表达出相对分子量约为50kDa的蛋白,占整个菌体的45％左右。Westem—blot分析表明,表达产物仅与SARS阳性病人血清起反应,而与正常血清不起反应。间接ELISA免疫检测,抗原滴度达1：12500。表明表达的核蛋白为SARS特异性抗原,这为SARS病毒的诊断试剂的研制提供了方便而安全的抗原来源。     

幽门螺杆菌致病岛CagL重组抗原的可溶性表达及其多克隆抗体的制备和分析*

目的:利用原核表达和蛋白质纯化技术获得高纯度的幽门螺杆菌致病岛CagL重组抗原(rCagL),利用其制备anti-CagL多克隆抗体,并分析抗体的特异性。方法:通过生物信息学软件分析rCagL的抗原结构;利用PCR长片段DNA合成技术合成不含有信号肽序列的幽门螺杆菌致病岛CagL基因,将其插入表达质粒pCzn1中,构建重组质粒pCzn1-rCagL。然后,将pCzn1-rCagL转入大肠杆菌Arctic Express中,经IPTG诱导表达后,通过Ni-IDA镍离子亲和层析纯化重组抗原rCagL,利用Western blot鉴定rCagL与His标签抗体和Anti-H. pylori抗体的免疫反应性;最后,通过rCagL辅以弗氏佐剂免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备anti-CagL多克隆抗血清,通过ELISA方法分析抗血清的特异性。结果:生物信息学软件表明重组抗原rCagL具有较好的抗原性质;重组质粒pCzn1-rCagL经双酶切和基因测序等技术鉴定,证实rCagL核苷酸序列与理论序列完全一致;基因工程菌株pCzn1-rCagL/Arctic Express在低温11℃条件经IPTG诱导表达。 SDS-PAGE实验结果证实:rCagL可实现相对高效地可溶性蛋白表达,可溶性蛋白约占包涵体的62.07%。经Ni-IDA亲和层析柱纯化,可获得高纯度rCagL,纯度约为96.6%。Western blot结果证实:重组抗原rCagL可特异性与His标签抗体和Anti-H. pylori抗体结合。ELISA结果证实:经rCagL免疫小鼠制备的多克隆抗体anti-CagL可特异性识别rCagL和H. pylori裂解物,具有较高的抗体特异性。结论:重组抗原rCagL在低温条件下可实现可溶性表达,经纯化可获得高纯度抗原蛋白;rCagL具有较好的抗原性,制备的多克隆抗体具有较好的免疫特异性,为发展H. pylori相关诊断试剂奠定了实验基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

History of the discovery of the mode of transmission of yellow fever virus

This essay documents and examines the historical circumstances and events surrounding the discovery of the mode of transmission of yellow fever virus in Cuba. Close scrutiny of the articles published by Walter Reed and his colleagues in 1900, 1901 and 1902 reveals their limitations as historic documents. Fortunately, other sources of information from that period survive in letters and documents written by individuals involved in the quest for the mode of transmission. Examination and comparison of those sources of information unveiled a fascinating story which reveals that misunderstandings engendered by published articles accorded merit where it was not fully due.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。