不同施氮水平下杨树-苋菜间作系统对土壤氮素流失的影响

采用田间试验方法,研究了杨树 苋菜间作系统,即株行距2 m×5 m(L₁)和2 m×15 m(L₂)在0(N₀)、91(N₁)、137(N₂)和183(N₃) kg·hm^-2施氮水平下的土壤氮素流失特征.结果表明: 不同施氮水平对地表径流量、淋溶量和土壤侵蚀量的控制效果均为L₁＞L₂＞L₃ (单作苋菜);L₁、L₂地表径流量分别比L₃降低65.1%、55.9%;L₁、L₂距林带0.5 m处淋溶量比L₃降低30.0%、28.9%,距林带1.5 m处淋溶量比L₃降低25.6%、21.9%;L₁、L₂土壤侵蚀量分别比L₃降低65.0%、55.1%.对地表径流和淋溶损失中TN、NO₃^--N、NH₄⁺-N流失量的控制效果均为L₁＞L₂＞L₃;常规施氮(91 kg·hm^-2)水平下,L₁地表径流中TN、NO₃^--N、NH₄⁺-N流失量较L₃分别降低62.9%、45.1%、69.2%,L₂较L₃分别降低23.4%、6.9%、46.2%;杨树间作密度越大、距离林带越近,对土壤NO₃^--N、NH₄⁺-N的淋溶损失削减作用越强.同一间作密度下,随着施氮量的增加,地表径流中NO₃^--N流失比例减少,NH₄⁺-N流失比例增加;淋溶流失中
NO₃^--N、NH₄⁺-N浓度变化趋势一致,均为 N₃＞N₂＞N₁＞N₀.     

围栏禁牧对纳帕海湿地土壤生态化学计量特征的影响

开展围栏禁牧对湿地土壤生态化学计量特征影响的研究,为理解围栏禁牧对退化湿地生态系统恢复的影响提供理论基础。本研究选取纳帕海湿地未禁牧、禁牧3年、8年和10年的沼泽化草甸和草甸为对象,比较不同围栏禁牧年限对土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及其生态化学计量的影响。结果表明：围栏禁牧提高了沼泽化草甸和草甸土壤总有机碳(TOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、硝态氮(NO₃^--N)、铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)、微生物生物量氮(MBN)、微生物生物量磷(MBP),提高了C/N、C/P、N/P和MBN/MBP。沼泽化草甸和草甸土壤C/N、C/P、N/P均与TOC、TN、含水率、NO₃^--N、NH₄⁺-N、MBN呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与土壤容重显著负相关。沼泽化草甸土壤MBC/MBN、MBC/MBP与TOC、NH₄⁺-N、MBN和含水率显著负相关...     

浙江赋石水库集水区板栗林土壤氮素迁移特征

本研究通过在板栗林地设置径流小区,于2013年1—10月间采集径流水样进行测试,同时结合雨季前后土壤氮素数据,分析了浙江北部赋石水库集水区板栗林土壤氮素迁移特征.结果表明: 板栗林地的10次地表径流事件中,各径流小区径流水量差别较大,最大达0.51 m³;其中氮是主要的流失元素,硝态氮(NO₃^--N)、铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)、总氮(TN)和化学需氧量(COD_Mn)的浓度分别为0.02～1.87、0.04～3.53、1.69～5.33和5.30～14.07 mg·L^-1,各水质指标受径流水量影响较大,且用一元一次方程可以较好地拟合氮素流失量与径流水量之间的相关关系;雨季前后板栗林地径流场上部、中部和下部3个位置的土壤中,氮素含量差异较大;总的变化趋势是随着海拔升高氮素含量增加,随着土层深度加深氮素含量降低.比较雨季前后4种土壤氮素(NO₃^--N、NH₄⁺-N、TN 和水解性氮Hydro-N)的差异发现,差异较大的为Hydro-N和TN,平均差异值为20.21和307.49 mg·kg^-1.该区氮素随径流流失风险较大,对赋石水库水体富营养化构成潜在压力,需重点关注.     

氮素添加和CO2浓度升高对白羊草根际和非根际土壤水溶性有机碳、氮的影响

采用盆栽控制试验对黄土丘陵区白羊草在不同CO₂浓度(400和800 μmol·mol^-1)和施氮水平(0、2.5、5.0 g N·m^-2·a^-1)条件下根际和非根际土壤水溶性有机碳(DOC)和水溶性有机氮(DON)的变化特征进行研究.结果表明: CO₂浓度升高对白羊草根际和非根际土壤DOC、水溶性总氮(DTN)、DON、水溶性铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)、水溶性硝态氮(NO₃^--N)含量均无显著影响.施氮显著提高了根际和非根际土壤DTN、NO₃^--N含量和根际土壤DON含量,显著降低了根际土壤DOC/DON.在各处理条件下,根际土壤DTN、NO₃^--N和DON含量均显著低于非根际土壤,根际土壤DOC/DON显著高于非根际土壤.短期CO₂浓度升高对黄土丘陵区土壤水溶性有机碳、氮含量无显著影响,而氮沉降的增加在一定程度上改善了土壤中水溶性氮素缺乏的状况,但并不足以满足植被对水溶性氮素的需求.     

氮素添加和CO2浓度升高对白羊草根际和非根际土壤水溶性有机碳、氮的影响

采用盆栽控制试验对黄土丘陵区白羊草在不同CO₂浓度(400和800 μmol·mol^-1)和施氮水平(0、2.5、5.0 g N·m^-2·a^-1)条件下根际和非根际土壤水溶性有机碳(DOC)和水溶性有机氮(DON)的变化特征进行研究.结果表明: CO₂浓度升高对白羊草根际和非根际土壤DOC、水溶性总氮(DTN)、DON、水溶性铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)、水溶性硝态氮(NO₃^--N)含量均无显著影响.施氮显著提高了根际和非根际土壤DTN、NO₃^--N含量和根际土壤DON含量,显著降低了根际土壤DOC/DON.在各处理条件下,根际土壤DTN、NO₃^--N和DON含量均显著低于非根际土壤,根际土壤DOC/DON显著高于非根际土壤.短期CO₂浓度升高对黄土丘陵区土壤水溶性有机碳、氮含量无显著影响,而氮沉降的增加在一定程度上改善了土壤中水溶性氮素缺乏的状况,但并不足以满足植被对水溶性氮素的需求.     

氮素形态对树木养分吸收和生长的影响

由于NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N形态的差异,二者对树木养分吸收和生长发育的影响不同,树木常表现出对NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N的选择性吸收,树种对NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N吸收的偏好特性可能与生长地的土壤pH有关,来自于酸性土壤的树种通常具有喜NHON的特性,而来自于中性或碱性土壤的树种常表现出喜NO₃^--N的趋势,由于NH₄⁺-N和NO3^--N所带电荷的差异,通常NH₄⁺-N有利于阴离子的吸收,而NO3^--N则促进阳离子的吸收,在有些情况下,NH₄⁺-N会抑制NO₃^--N的吸收,但抑制的机制目前还不清楚,树木吸收NH₄⁺-N时,引起根际pH下降,相反吸收NO₃^--N时根际pH升高,根际pH变化可以改变土壤养分的有效性,并影响树木对养分的吸收利用,树木对NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N的生长反应不同,有些喜NH₄⁺-N的针叶树在供应NH₄⁺-N时生长较好,多数植物在同时供应NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N时生长量最大,有些树种在同时供应NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N时也表现出最高的生长,但对于树木类似的研究还少,这一现象对于树木是否具有普遍性还需要大量试验证明。     

苦草根系对硝氮和氨氮的吸收

硝氮(NO₃^--N)和氨氮(NH₄⁺-N)是湖泊沉积物间隙水生物可利用氮源的主要形态。论文通过稳定性同位素¹⁵N示踪技术,通过模拟实验分别研究了苦草根系对NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N的吸收及其与氮浓度的关系。结果显示,苦草(Vallisnerianatan)根系对NH₄⁺-N的吸收显著高于NO₃^--N;根系吸收氮后向叶转移,而且NO₃^--N为氮源时其转移速率较高;NH₄⁺-N浓度的变化对苦草吸收NO₃^--N有影响,当NH₄⁺-N浓度小于0.072mmol/L时,根系对NO₃^--N的吸收随NH₄⁺-N浓度的增加而增加,随后降低并趋于平稳;同时,NO₃^--N浓度对苦草吸收NH₄⁺-N也有类似的影响。     

秸秆还田量对培肥农田黑土氮素初级转化速率的影响

秸秆还田是土壤培肥的重要措施之一,但培肥后土壤对氮素循环的调控功能是否具有可持续性以及与后续秸秆还田数量的关系尚不清楚。本研究对黑土旱地农田进行9年培肥处理后,设置了连续3年秸秆还田处理,秸秆还田量分别为年均秸秆产量(7500 kg·hm^-2)的100%、67%、33%和0,探讨不同秸秆还田量对培肥土壤(0～10 cm)氮素转化过程的影响。结果表明: 秸秆还田通过影响氮素初级转化速率,控制培肥土壤NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N的产生与消耗过程。当秸秆还田量低于67%时,NH₄⁺-N生成速率显著降低,而其消耗速率显著提高,土壤保留NH₄⁺-N的能力下降,而NO₃^--N生成速率增加,土壤NO₃^--N固持能力下降,增加NO₃^--N的积累及淋溶损失风险。对于东北旱地农田,利用秸秆归还进行黑土培肥,需要不低于67%收获量的秸秆持续还田才能维持土壤对氮素的保持功能。     

阜新细河生态缓冲带阻控农田径流水中氮磷及除草剂的作用

生态缓冲带作为陆地生态系统和水生生态系统的交错地带,能够有效地拦截地表径流中氮、磷及除草剂等污染物质进入河流、湖泊。选取紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、早熟禾(Poa annua)、高羊茅(Festuca elata)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne)和白花三叶草(Trifolium repens)等5种草本植物构建生态缓冲带。通过野外模拟径流实验,探究植被类型及缓冲带长度对生态缓冲带阻控地表径流、铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)、硝态氮(NO₃^--N)、总磷(TP)、溶解磷(DP)、颗粒磷(PP)、乙草胺(AC)、阿特拉津(AT)等污染物质效果的影响。结果表明：5种生态缓冲带均显著提高径流及面源污染物的阻控效率,且随缓冲带长度的增加,其对污染物阻控效率逐渐增大。不同植被生态缓冲带可有效消减地表径流量,大小依次为：黑麦草>高羊茅>早熟禾>白花三叶草>紫花苜蓿。其中,4 m长的黑麦草缓冲带对NO₃^--N、TP、DP、PP和AC...     

不同土地利用类型对丹江口库区土壤氮矿化的影响

氮(N)素是陆地生态系统净初级生产力的重要限制因子, 土地利用类型的变化对生态系统氮循环过程有着重要的影响。采用PVC顶盖埋管原位培养的方法, 对丹江口库区清塘河流域相邻的侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)人工林、人工种植灌木林地和农田3种土地利用类型的氮素矿化和硝化作用进行了研究。结果表明, 侧柏人工林、灌木林地和农田的NH₄⁺-N浓度(mg·kg^-1)依次为1.33 ± 0.20、1.67 ± 0.17和1.62 ± 0.13, 不同土地利用类型间的NH₄⁺-N浓度无显著性差异; 而3种土地利用类型下土壤NO₃^--N浓度(mg·kg^-1)差异显著, 农田NO₃^--N浓度(9.00 ± 0.73)显著高于侧柏人工林(1.27 ± 0.18)和灌木林地(3.51 ± 0.11)。NO₃^--N在灌木林地和农田中分别占土壤无机氮库的67.8%和84.8%, 是土壤无机氮库的主要存在形式; 而侧柏人工林中NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N浓度则基本相等。土壤硝化速率(mg·kg^-1·30 d^-1)从农田(7.13 ± 2.19)、灌木林地(2.56 ± 1.07)到侧柏人工林(0.85 ± 0.10)显著性降低。侧柏人工林、灌木林地和农田的矿化速率(mg·kg^-1·30 d^-1)依次为0.98 ± 0.12、2.52 ± 1.25和6.58 ± 2.29。矿化速率和硝化速率显著正相关, 但是矿化速率在不同的土地利用类型间差异不显著。培养过程中灌木林地和农田NH₄⁺-N的消耗大于积累, 氨化速率为负值, 导致灌木林地和农田矿化速率小于硝化速率。氮素的矿化和硝化作用受土壤含水量和土壤温度的影响, 并对土壤含水量更为敏感。土壤C:N与土壤矿化和硝化速率显著负相关。研究结果表明: 土地利用类型的变化会改变土壤微环境和土壤C:N, 进而会影响到土壤氮循环过程。     

控释氮肥对洞庭湖区双季稻田表面水氮素动态及其径流损失的影响

用渗漏池模拟洞庭湖区2种主要稻田土壤(河沙泥和紫潮泥),研究了施用尿素(CF)和控释氮肥(CRNF)对双季稻田表面水pH、电导率(EC)、全氮（TN）、铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）和硝态氮（NO₃^--N）浓度变化规律及TN径流损失的影响.结果表明,双季稻田施用尿素后,表面水TN、NH₄⁺-N浓度分别在第1、3天达到高峰,然后迅速下降;NO₃^--N浓度普遍很低;早稻表面水pH在施用尿素后15 d内(晚稻3 d)逐渐升高;EC与NH₄⁺动态变化一致.与尿素相比,施用CRNF能显著降低双季稻田表面水pH、EC、TN和NH₄⁺-N浓度,70% N控释氮肥的控制效果最显著;但后期NO₃^--N浓度略有升高.径流监测结果表明,洞庭湖区种植双季稻期间施用尿素的TN径流损失为7.70 kg·hm^-2,占施氮量的2.57%;施肥后20 d内发生的径流事件对双季稻田TN径流损失的贡献极为显著;与施用尿素相比,施用控释氮肥显著降低了施肥后10 d内发生的第1次径流液中的TN浓度,施用CRNF和70%N CRNF的氮素径流损失分别降低24.5%和27.2%.     

Nutrient losses in runoff from grassland and shrubland habitats in Southern New Mexico: I. rainfall simulation experiments

Rainfall simulation experiments were performed in areas of semiarid grassland (Bouteloua eriopoda) and arid shrubland (Larrea tridentata) in the Chihuahuan desert of New Mexico. The objective was to compare the runoff of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from these habitats to assess whether losses of soil nutrients are associated with the invasion of grasslands by shrubs. Runoff losses from grass- and shrub-dominated plots were similar, and much less than from bare plots located in the shrubland. Weighted average concentrations of total dissolved N compounds in runoff were greatest in the grassland (1.72 mg/1) and lowest in bare plots in the shrubland (0.55 mg/1). More than half of the N transported in runoff was carried in dissolved organic compounds. In grassland and shrub plots, the total N loss was highly correlated to the total volume of discharge. We estimate that the total annual loss of N in runoff is 0.25 kg/ha/yr in grasslands and 0.43 kg/ha/yr in shrublands — consistent with the depletion of soil N during desertification of these habitats. Losses of P from both habitats were very small.     

华南赤红壤无机复合肥氮磷淋失特征

采用室内土柱淋溶模拟试验,研究了不同施肥水平下无机复合肥中氮和磷在华南赤红壤中的淋失特征.结果表明: 铵态氮、硝态氮和总氮淋失量均随施肥量增加而提高;肥料中氮的淋失率在36.8%～49.2%之间,总氮淋失量（y）与施肥量（x）之间的回归方程为y=0.3667x+66.483（R²=0.992）;铵态氮和总氮的淋失主要集中在前5次淋洗,硝态氮的淋失持续时间更长.施肥量对可溶性磷淋失量无显著影响,但颗粒磷和总磷淋失量均随施肥量增加呈上升趋势;肥料磷淋失率在0.002%～0.010%之间,总磷淋失量（y）与施肥量（x）之间的回归方程为y=7e^-5x+0.0538（R²=0.931）;磷的淋失动态与氮显著不同,为缓慢的持续累积过程.硝态氮与铵态氮淋失量比值和可溶性磷与颗粒磷淋失量比值均随施肥量增加呈下降趋势.     

哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林不同干扰强度下土壤无机氮的变化

在云南哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林地区,选取了木果柯原始林、栎类次生林和人工茶叶地3种群落类型代表人为干扰强度从小到大的梯度,研究了人为干扰强度对土壤NH4^+—N、NO3^-—N等特征的影响．结果表明,3种群落的土壤无机氮含量(0～15cm)存在显著差异：表现为随干扰强度增加,土壤有机质、全N降低,C／N比增高,NO3^-—N流失的潜力在增加,说明干扰不利于土壤肥力的保持和群落正向演替．同一群落类型下不同空间位置土壤的有机质、全N、C／N比、pH值和NH4^+—N基本一致,但NO3^-—N有较大变化,表明土壤中NO3^-—N的不稳定性．此外,NO4^+—N为无机氮的主要存在形式,约占无机氮总量的95.5％～99.2％     

水、肥添加对内蒙古典型草原土壤碳、氮、磷及pH的影响

采用野外田间实验和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了水分、氮肥和磷肥添加对内蒙古典型草原土壤碳、氮、磷含量及pH的影响。结果表明:土壤有机碳和全氮含量对水、肥添加无显著响应;水分添加降低了土壤铵态氮(31.1%,P<0.01)和硝态氮(7.9%,P<0.001)含量,而添加氮肥显著增加了土壤铵态氮和硝态氮的含量(P<0.001);添加磷肥显著增加了土壤全磷和速效磷含量,分别为不施磷肥的1.7和5.9倍(P<0.001);水分添加提高了土壤pH值,氮、磷肥的添加均不同程度地降低了土壤pH值(P<0.001)。表明:水分以及氮肥、磷肥的添加对内蒙古典型草原土壤的性质具有明显的调节作用,这将为退化草地的管理提供科学参考。     

Detection of sensitive soil properties related to non-point phosphorus pollution by integrated models of SEDD and PLOAD

Effectively identifying soil properties in relation to non-point source (NPS) phosphorus pollution is important for NPS pollution management. Previous studies have focused on particulate P loads in relation to agricultural non-point source pollution. In areas undergoing rapid urbanization, dissolved P loads may be important with respect to conditions of surface infiltration and rainfall runoff. The present study developed an integrated model for the analysis of both dissolved P and particulate P loads, applied to the Meiliang Bay watershed, Taihu Lake, China. The results showed that NPS P loads up to 15 kg/km² were present, with particulate P loads up to 13 kg/km². The highest loads were concentrated in the southeastern region of the watershed. Although particle P was the main contributor to NPS P loads state, the contribution of dissolved P was significant, especially in sub-basins with significant amount of artificial land cover. The integration of dissolved P and particulate P loads provided more accurate evaluation of NPS P pollution. NPS P loads were found to correspond to specific soil properties. Soil organic matter and total nitrogen were shown to influence dissolved P loads, while total phosphorus and soil particle composition proportion were more closely related to particulate P loads.     

Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on paddy soil nitrogen content during rice season

Taking the China rice/wheat FACE (Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) as a platform, this paper studied the effects of elevated CO2 on the NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N contents at different depths of paddy soil in rice season. Under elevated CO2, the NH4(+)-N content in plough layer increased at early growth stage but decreased at late growth stage, and the soil NO3(-)-N content at the depths 5, 15, 30, 60, and 90 cm increased by 46.5%, 36.8%, 23.3%, 103.7%, and 42.7%, respectively, with a significant increase occurred at the depths 60 cm (P < 0.01) and 90 cm (P < 0.05), compared with the control.     

Impacts of Biological Soil Crust Disturbance and Composition on C and N Loss from Water Erosion

In this study, we conducted rainfall simulation experiments in a cool desert ecosystem to examine the role of biological soil crust disturbance and composition on dissolved and sediment C and N losses. We compared runoff and sediment C and N losses from intact late-successional dark cyanolichen crusts (intact) to both trampled dark crusts (trampled) and dark crusts where the top 1 cm of the soil surface was removed (scraped). In a second experiment, we compared C and N losses in runoff and sediments in early-successional light cyanobacterial crusts (light) to that of intact late-successional dark cyanolichen crusts (dark). A relatively high rainfall intensity of approximately 38 mm per 10-min period was used to ensure that at least some runoff was generated from all plots. Losses of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and ammonium (NH₄⁺ ) were significantly higher from trampled plots as compared to scraped and intact plots. Sediment C and N losses, which made up more than 98% of total nutrient losses in all treatments, were more than 4-fold higher from trampled plots relative to intact plots (sediment C g/m², intact = 0.74, trampled = 3.47; sediment N g/m², intact = 0.06, trampled = 0.28). In light crusts, DOC loss was higher relative to dark crusts, but no differences were observed in dissolved N. Higher sediment loss in light crusts relative to dark crusts resulted in 5-fold higher loss of sediment-bound C and N. Total C flux (sediment + dissolved) was on the order of 0.9 and 7.9 g/m² for dark and light crusts, respectively. Sediment N concentration in the first minutes after runoff from light crusts was 3-fold higher than the percent N of the top 1 cm of soil, suggesting that even short-term runoff events may have a high potential for N loss due to the movement of sediments highly enriched in N. Total N loss from dark crusts was an order of magnitude lower than light crusts (dark = 0.06 g N/m², light = 0.63 g/m²). Overall, our results from the small plot scale (0.5 m²) suggest that C and N losses are much lower from intact late-successional cyanolichen crusts as compared to recently disturbed or early-successional light cyanobacterial crusts.     

Effects of agricultural production on phosphorus losses from paddy soils: a case study in the Taihu Lake Region of China

A field plot experiment was conducted on two types of paddy soils in the Taihu Lake Region of China from June 2000 through 2002 to assess phosphorus (P) losses by runoff and drainage flow and the effectiveness of rice–wheat double cropping on reducing P losses from paddy soils. Commercial NPK compound fertilizer and single superphosphate fertilizer were applied to furnish 0, 30, 150, and 300 kg P ha^–1 for rice season trials, and 0, 20, 80, and 160 kg P ha^–1 for wheat season trials. The experiments consisted of four replicates (plots of 5 × 6 m in a randomized block design) of each treatment in Argic stagnic anthrosols (Anzhen site) and six replicates in Cumulic stagnic anthrosols (Changshu site). P30 and P20 treatments (30 and 20 kg P ha^–1 in rice and wheat seasons, respectively) were considered as conventional P application rates in this area. Higher P treatments, such as P150 and P300 for rice and P80 and P160 for wheat, were intended to simulate the status of soil P in ~10–20 years with an application of P30 or P20 kg P ha^–1 each season. Results revealed that the average concentration of total P (TP) in runoff samples was 0.870 mg P l^–1 from P30 plots during the rice season, and 0.763 mg P l^–1 from P20 plots during the wheat season in both years at the Anzhen site, while it was 0.703 and 1.292 mg P l^–1, respectively, at the Changshu site. Average TP load (mass loss) at the Anzhen site with conventional P application rates was 220.9 and 439.5 g P ha^–1 during rice season in 2000/2001 and 2001/2002, respectively, but was 382.3 and 709.4g P ha^–1 during wheat season, respectively. Mass loss at the Changshu site was 140.4 and 165.7 g P ha^–1 during the rice season and 539.1 and 1184.6 g P ha^–1 during the wheat season, respectively. P losses from paddy soils were significantly greater during the wheat season, especially at the Changshu site, indicating that planting rice reduced P. Phosphate fertilizer levels significantly affected P concentrations and P loads in runoff both seasons. Both mean concentrations and average seasonal P loads from the P150/P80 plots were lower than that from the P300/P160 plots, but significantly higher than that from the P30/P20 and P0 plots. This implied that runoff P loads would be greatly increased in 10–20 years as a result of the accumulation of soil P if 50 kg P ha^–1 (rice season plus wheat season) is applied each year.     

水蚀条件下不同土壤氮素和有机质流失规律

人工模拟施水冲刷试验研究结果表明,随施水冲刷强度的增大,不同土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、有机质和全氮流失加剧,泥沙全氮和有机质富集程度减少;当给不同土壤施等量的硝酸铵时,发现随径流流失化肥的铵态氮和硝态氮分别占施入量的０．９％－３．５％和８．２％－１９．７％,硝酸铵主要随径流流失,以泥沙颗粒流失量甚微;土壤侵蚀、有机质和全氮流失量与〉２０μｍ团聚体相关系数分别为－０．８９３５、－０．７９２８和－０．８１５