豫西丘陵坡地弃耕农田植被演替对土壤碳、氮库的影响

在豫西丘陵坡地弃耕农田中,设置一个时间梯度为1,3,8,15,25 a的弃耕演替系列,调查其群落数量特征、物种组成、植被与土壤的碳、氮储量,分析群落的自然次生演替过程,并探讨土壤碳库与氮库对植物群落演替的响应机制。结果表明,弃耕农田群落演替缓慢,阶段性不明显,大致可划分为一、二年生草本→多年生草本+灌木两个阶段。定植物种的多样性变化与附近的原生植被有关。在25 a的演替进程中,草本植物始终占据优势,旱生植物数量约是中生植物的4倍,C3植物数量逐渐增多;群落α多样性指数呈先增大后减小趋势,Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数与Shannon-Wiener综合多样性指数最大值分别为1.53、0.95、2.18,表明弃耕农田的自然演替促使群落结构更加复杂并趋向稳定。群落植物的碳、氮储量随着生物量的增加而增加,在25 a时分别达到313.14 g/m~2和11.69 g/m~2。土壤碳储量与氮储量的变化相反,在演替后期(25 a)土壤碳储量增加到960.98 g/m~2,而氮储量则降低至27.08 g/m~2,表明豫西弃耕农田土壤具有"固碳放氮"的生态现象。RDA分析表明,群落盖度、密度和生物量是影响土壤碳、氮储量的主要因子。从群落的生态功能变化分析,按照弃耕演替时间推进,土壤碳储量逐渐增大,有利于生态系统碳固定;而土壤氮库的缩减则不利于群落的稳定,建议增加群落中豆科植物的丰富度,从而促进土壤氮素固定,缓解氮素流失。     

漓江流域不同弃耕年限下4种常见草本植物功能性状种内变化及其影响因素

为探究不同弃耕年限下植物功能性状的种内变化及其影响因素,加深对弃耕地植被恢复演替过程的认识,该研究聚焦于漓江流域桂林市临桂区几个村庄的农田边界、弃耕草地、灌草丛和林地4种一定程度上反映弃耕地植被恢复程度的生境,以分布较广的草本植物,即白茅(Imperatacylindrica)、双穗雀稗(Paspalumdistichum)、鬼针草(Bidenspilosa)和喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)为研究对象,研究不同弃耕年限下其比叶质量、叶干物质含量、叶片氮含量、叶片磷含量和植株高度5个功能性状的种内变化,并阐明土壤氮含量、磷含量、pH和木本植物盖度对其的影响。主要发现如下:随弃耕年限增加,样地土壤氮、磷含量显著下降,土壤氮磷比先增加后下降,木本植物盖度显著增加。白茅叶片氮含量随弃耕年限增加而增加,叶片磷含量随弃耕年限增加而下降,这是由于叶片氮含量与土壤磷含量呈负相关关系,叶片磷含量与土壤磷含量呈正相关关系。双穗雀稗比叶质量和叶干物质含量随弃耕年限增加而增加,植株高度随弃耕年限增加而降低。鬼针草植株高度随弃耕年限增加而降低,这是由于其植株高度随木本植物盖...     

长白山温带森林不同演替阶段土壤化学性质及微生物群落结构的变化

土壤微生物是生态系统物质循环和能量流动的驱动者,其群落结构可以用来表征土壤生态过程及其对地上植被变化的响应机制。本研究采用时空替代法在长白山地区选取了阔叶红松林演替序列的5个不同阶段:杨桦幼龄林、杨桦中龄林、杨桦成熟林、阔叶红松成熟林和阔叶红松过熟林,采用磷脂脂肪酸法(PLFA)测定了土壤微生物群落组成和结构,分析了其随地上植被演替过程的变化,同时比较了不同演替阶段土壤化学性质差异。结果表明:随着演替的正向进行,土壤总有机碳、全碳、全氮、全磷含量显著提高,碳氮比逐渐下降。土壤微生物生物量、群落结构及组成发生明显变化:土壤微生物总PLFAs、细菌PLFAs、革兰氏阳性菌PLFAs、革兰氏阴性菌PLFAs含量显著增加;真菌PLFAs(18:2ω6c)先增加后减少,中期阶段的杨桦成熟林土壤真菌PLFA含量最高,同时细菌/真菌最小;革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌(G+/G-)随着演替的进行逐渐增大。土壤微生物生物量与土壤全碳、总有机碳、全氮、全磷含量呈显著正相关,与碳氮比呈显著负相关;冗余分析(RDA)结果显示,全碳、总有机碳、全氮和碳氮比是影响土壤微生物群落结构的主要因素。本研究表明,随着植被演替的正向进行,土壤质量逐渐提高;土壤微生物群落组成明显改变;土壤微生物群落结构与土壤理化性质显著相关。     

青藏高原高山嵩草高寒草甸不同退化阶段植物群落与土壤养分

选取西藏自治区拉萨市当雄县4块不同退化程度的高山嵩草高寒草甸,采用空间序列代替时间演替的方法,研究不同退化阶段高寒草甸的土壤理化性质和植物群落特征以及二者之间的相关关系。结果表明: 不同退化阶段高寒草甸的土壤有机碳、全氮、速效磷、速效钾、铵态氮、硝态氮和含水量均随土壤退化程度加剧呈降低的趋势,而pH值呈现升高的趋势。中度退化草甸的植物群落高度、丰富度指数、多样性指数、均匀度指数最大。群落盖度、总生物量均为未退化草甸最大、重度退化草甸最小。随着草甸退化程度加剧,莎草科生物量及比例下降,豆科和杂类草生物量及比例增加,禾本科生物量及比例先增加后减小;草甸植物群落地上生物量与土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量和土壤含水量呈显著正相关,与土壤pH值呈显著负相关。随着草甸植被的退化,土壤退化加重,最终表现为草地生产力显著下降。     

滇西北高原纳帕海湖滨湿地退化特征、规律与过程

采用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)和典范对应分析(CCA)方法,研究了滇西北高原纳帕海湖滨湿地退化特征、规律与过程.结果表明:纳帕海湖滨湿地植物群落可以划分为4个群丛,群落演替规律为水生植物群落→沼泽植物群落→沼泽化草甸植物群落→草甸植物群落.随植物群落演替,群落盖度、密度、多样性指数、物种丰富度和地上生物量均增大,群落高度减小;植物水分生态型演替规律为水生植物→沼生植物→湿生植物→中生植物.随群落演替,湿地水体矿化度、硬度和碱度均降低,氨氮和总磷含量升高,总氮和硝态氮含量变化不明显;土壤pH、有机质和全氮含量逐渐降低,全磷和全钾含量逐渐升高,速效氮和速效磷含量先增大后减小.CCA分析表明,群落结构和物种组成主要受水分梯度影响,土壤pH、全磷和湿地水的总氮、氨氮对湿地植物物种分布和群落演替影响显著.     

长白山白桦林不同演替阶段土壤有机碳组分的变化

为了解长白山天然针阔混交林群落恢复演替土壤碳储量的变化,采用空间代替时间的方法,选取白桦幼龄林、白桦中龄林、白桦成熟林、阔叶红松成熟林和阔叶红松过熟林5个不同演替序列,研究其土壤总有机碳(SOC)、易氧化有机碳(ROC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)及颗粒有机碳(POC)含量。结果表明:随着白桦林从早期到晚期的演替,SOC、MBC、ROC、POC以及土壤全氮、全磷和碳氮比(C/N)均呈现先逐渐增加后保持稳定的规律。随着土层深度的增加,SOC、MBC、ROC和POC含量均显著降低(P0.05),5个演替序列内ROC/SOC和POC/SOC的变化范围分别为12.91%~47.95%和14.21%~69.46%。相关分析表明:MBC、ROC和POC含量与土壤总有机碳(SOC)含量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),SOC、MBC、ROC和POC含量与全氮、全磷及碳氮比呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。研究结果为了解白桦林在演替过程中土壤有机碳的稳定性变化和固碳潜力提供数据支持。     

陕北黄土丘陵区撂荒草地群落生物量及植被土壤养分效应

为了明确植被演替过程中植被与土壤的互动效应，为植被恢复提供依据。根据陕北黄土丘陵区36块不同年限（时间尺度为2—45a）的撂荒样地地上生物量、土壤养分和水分的测定结果，及4块典型撂荒群落样地地上／地下生物量，7种撂荒群落主要植物生长特性的测定，分析了撂荒演替过程中群落生物量与土壤养分的变化过程、趋势及其相互关系，进而探讨了撂荒演替过程中群落生物量对土壤养分的作用效应，并利用多元回归和通径分析法分析了土壤养分对群落生物量的作用。结果表明：（1）除速效磷外，撂荒演替过程中群落地上生物量和土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、NO3-N、NH4-N和速效钾都呈先减少后增加的趋势，步调基本一致。（2）从撂荒年限与土壤养分的相关性来看，0—20cm土壤有机质含量、速效磷含量和0—20、20—40cm土壤层NO3-N含量与撂荒年限相关显著，说明演替过程中有机质、速效磷和NO3-N有较为明显的植被土壤效应，而其它土壤养分与撂荒年限相关不显著，不能排除演替初始条件和植物暂时固定的影响；从群落生物量与土壤养分的相关性来看，群落生物量对土壤有机质、全氮、磷、钾、NO3-N、速效钾和速效磷含量具有正效应，而对NH4-N具有负效应，但都不显著。（3）通径分析说明撂荒年限、土壤全氮、全钾、速效钾和土壤水分变异量对生物量表现为正的直接作用，其中以撂荒年限和土壤水分波动量作用较大，土壤养分对群落地上生物量的作用以土壤全氮最大，全钾和速效钾影响较小；演替过程中群落地上生物量的变化主要是由于植被盖度和群落组成种的生态学特性造成的（撂荒年限较大的直接作用），其次是由于撂荒演替过程中土壤水分的波动造成的（撂荒年限通过土壤水分的间接负作用）。（4）随着土层深度的加深植物根系生物量呈幂函数递减过程，演替后期群落根冠比有增加的趋势，演替后期序列种根冠比和根长也有增加的趋势，这些在一定程度上会影响到生物量积累和有机质分解等，进而会影响到植被土壤效应。     

海拔对高山峡谷区土壤微生物生物量和酶活性的影响

为了解土壤微生物生物量和酶活性随海拔的变化特征,以川西海拔1563 m到3994 m的高山峡谷区的干旱河谷、干旱河谷-山地森林交错带、亚高山针叶林、高山森林和高山草甸土壤为研究对象,采用原位培养法研究了5种不同海拔生态系统中有机层(0～15 cm)和矿质层(15～30 cm)土壤微生物生物量碳氮、土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶及酸性磷酸酶活性的变化.结果表明:有机层土壤中微生物生物量碳氮和3种土壤酶活性呈现出先增加后减少再增加的变化特征,从2158 m开始不断增加,到3028 m左右达到峰值后减少,在3593 m出现最小值后,逆势增加直到3994 m后再次减少;矿质层土壤的微生物生物量碳氮和3种土壤酶活性表现为亚高山针叶林(3028 m)>高山草甸(3994 m)>干旱河谷-山地森林交错带(2158 m)>高山森林(3593 m)>干旱河谷(1563 m).各海拔梯度土壤有机层的微生物生物量和酶活性显著高于矿质层.高山峡谷区土壤微生物生物量与土壤酶活性呈极显著正相关.土壤微生物生物量和土壤酶与土壤含水量、有机碳和全氮呈极显著正相关,土壤蔗糖酶与土壤全磷含量呈极显著正相关,土壤酸性磷酸酶与土壤全磷和土壤温度呈极显著正相关.可见,高山峡谷区海拔变化引起的植被和其他环境因子的变化显著影响了土壤生化特性.     

不同立地铁杆蒿化学计量特征及其与土壤养分的关系

以陕西吴起杨青川流域铁杆蒿群落为研究对象,结合坡向、坡位及土壤养分变化探究不同立地铁杆蒿群落化学计量特征及其与土壤养分的关系.结果表明:从峁顶、阳坡、半阴坡到阴坡,铁杆蒿地上部分和根有机碳、全氮、全磷含量、碳氮比均逐渐增大;地上部分碳磷比和根氮磷比呈减小趋势;地上部分氮磷比、根碳磷比先减小后增大.从峁顶、上坡位、中坡位到下坡位,地上部分有机碳、全氮、全磷含量以及根有机碳含量先增加后减小;地上部分碳氮比、氮磷比先减小后增大.铁杆蒿群落植物化学计量特征一般与土壤化学计量特征呈正相关,但碳氮比、碳磷比、氮磷比及根全磷与土壤相应指标呈负相关,且植物地上部分与土壤的相关性大于根.综上,不同立地铁杆蒿群落植物在阴坡中坡位生长状态最佳,其化学计量特征与土壤养分状况具有明显的相关关系.坡向和坡位在铁杆蒿群落植物和土壤的化学计量特征中具有重要影响,适宜的铁杆蒿群落将有利于土壤养分的恢复.     

翅荚木人工林不同径阶间细根主要功能性状与根际土壤养分的关系

细根能敏感地感知土壤环境变化,对植物生长发育具有重要影响.以6年生翅荚木人工林为对象,对其不同径阶的细根主要功能性状与根际土壤养分特征及两者间关系进行分析.结果表明:细根生物量、根长密度与根体积密度均随径阶增加而增加,比根长与比根面积则随径阶增加呈先升高再下降后升高的趋势,根组织密度则与径阶大小不相关.不同径阶翅荚木根际土壤的pH值及含水率、全碳、全磷、铵态氮、硝态氮和总有效氮含量均存在显著差异,大径阶林木的根际土壤全碳、全氮、硝态氮、总有效氮含量相对较高,小径阶林木的根际土壤含水率、土壤全磷、铵态氮含量相对较高.土壤全氮、全碳、硝态氮和总有效氮含量与林木细根的生物量、根长密度、根体积密度呈显著正相关;土壤全磷与林木细根的根组织密度呈显著正相关,与比根长、比根面积呈显著负相关;土壤含水率与林木细根的生物量和根体积密度均呈显著正相关;根际土壤pH和林木细根的比根长、比根面积呈显著正相关,与根组织密度则呈显著负相关.研究结果可为翅荚木优良种质资源选育提供科学依据.     

黄土高原子午岭退耕地土壤物理性质与群落特征

通过对子午岭北部黄土丘陵沟壑区4、9、15和20a退耕地的生境和植被群落特征的分析,研究了不同年限退耕地的植被群落、土壤水分、容重和生物量的变化。结果表明：随退耕年限的增加,杂草群落中物种分布较均匀,物种丰富度明显增加,植物种数和个体数增加,其优势种和亚优势种分属于6科9属;根系在土层中分布增多,在一定深度范围内土壤结构逐渐疏松,致使土壤容重随退耕年限的增加而减小;在0～80cm土层内土壤含水量从高至低依次为4a、20a、15a和9a退耕地;80～300cm土层的土壤含水量得到明显改善,土壤含水量从高至低依次为20a、4a、15a和9a退耕地;地面生物量随退耕年限的延长而增加,但增加幅度逐渐趋于缓慢。     

Vegetation succession of abandoned croplands in Ruanliang and Yingliang in the Ordos Plateau

Shrub encroachment has been a key phenomenon in arid and semi-arid grasslands over the last century. However, little research has been dedicated to vegetation dynamics in the abandoned croplands, which are surrounded by shrub-encroached grasslands. In this study, several abandoned croplands in Ruanliang and Yingliang in the Ordos Plateau were selected, and the biomass, coverage, density, root pattern, and plant litter dynamics were studied. The results showed that: (1) The abandoned croplands in Ruanliang experienced three community types, including weeds community, the subshrub Artemisia ordosica community, and the perennial grass community, while the abandoned croplands in Yingliang experienced three community types, including weeds community, perennial Stipa bungeana with Artemisia frigida community, and S. bungeana community. (2) The important value for the annual or biennial grass in abandoned croplands in Ruanliang declined during the restoration process, for the perennial grass it increased, and for the subshrub it first increased and then went down to zero. In Yingliang abandoned croplands, however, the perennial grass remained dominant during the succession process. (3) The root of A. ordosica in Ruanliang abandoned croplands was mainly distributed in soil depths of 0–30?cm; the root of the perennial grass was mainly in the 0–20?cm range, and S. bungeana was found at soil depths of 0–5?cm. To restore to a natural vegetation state, about 20?years would be needed to recover the total biomass, and 10?years would be needed to restore the vegetation coverage in Ruanliang abandoned croplands. For Yingliang abandoned croplands, about 15 and 20?years would be needed to restore the total biomass and vegetation coverage, respectively, to a state of natural vegetation.     

Soil properties and C dynamics in abandoned and cultivated farmlands in a semi-arid ecosystem

Background and Aims

Land abandonment might be an alternative management for restoring soil conditions and C from prolonged cultivation and agricultural practices. In the present study, the influence of 18–22?years of land abandonment on soil properties, C dynamics and microbial biomass was evaluated in closely situated wheat and alfalfa farmlands, and abandoned lands on calcareous soils, Central Iran.

Methods

Soil properties of the 0–15 and 15–30?cm depths from abandoned lands were compared to those from conventionally cultivated lands (i.e., continuous wheat–fallow and alfalfa–wheat rotation) common in calcareous soils of Central Zagros Mountains.

Results

Soil bulk density in the 0–15 and 15–30?cm layers decreased significantly while total porosity increased significantly in abandoned lands. Generally, soil aggregate stability tended to increase within the abandoned fields owing to increased water-stable macro-aggregates. Soil organic C (OC) contents (g kg^?1) and pools (Mg ha^?1) in the 0–15?cm soil layer increased significantly in abandoned lands compared with cultivated lands, with no effect in the 15–30?cm soil layer after 18–22?years of land abandonment, suggesting the restoration of C is pronounced in the upper 0–15?cm soil depth . The total C accumulation in abandoned lands was 7.0?Mg?C?ha^?1 for the entire sampling depth (0–30?cm) over the 18–22?years of land abandonment, which was 26% greater relative to cultivated lands. Carbon mineralization (Cmin) followed a trend similar to organic C, whereas C turnover (Cmin/OC ratio) was slightly greater in wheat fields. However, soil microbial biomass C (MBC) did not vary considerably among the three land uses.

Conclusions

In brief, improvements, albeit slowly, in soil properties of the top layer with the cessation of cultivation indicated that land abandonment may result in enhanced soil C sequestration, and would maintain fertility and productivity of the farmlands of semi-arid climates.     

黄土高原退耕地的生态恢复

在刈割干扰下,黄土高原退耕地恢复进程中植被从沙蓬（Agriophyllum arenarium)单优群落向以达乌里胡枝子（Lespedeza davurica)为优势种的群落演替。物种增加速度初期快,后期慢,退耕后恢复初期的新增物种主要是沙蓬和白草（Pennisetum flaccidum);中前期主要是茵陈蒿（Artemisia capillaris),可成为群落的次优势种;中后期新增物种主要是多年生豆科植物,只是群落的伴生种,群落中1年生和多年生植物地上生物量分别以8.8%的年平均速率减少或增加,豆科植物地上生物量及所占比例上升,在退耕地恢复过程中,上层土壤中植物地下生物量比例与变化幅度增加,表现出浅层化趋势,退耕地恢复演替1-7年,土壤粘粒和粉粒减少,砂粒增加,7年后变化趋势相反,退耕地0-100cm土壤含水量在恢复期间呈逐渐上升趋势,中期增幅显著,全N和速效N在恢复前期减少,后期增加,在刈割利用下,退耕地恢复过程中土壤全P,速效P和有机C持续衰竭,退耕地恢复到当前稳定的群落所需时间分别为优势种群8-9年,群落9-11年和土壤11-12年。     

高原鼢鼠对高寒草甸植被特征及生产力的影响

本研究结果表明,高原鼢鼠栖息10年的斑块,植物群落的物种数减少,植物物种多样性指数下降,地上、地下总生物量显降低,单子叶和可利用双子叶植物生物量极显减少,但不可利用双子叶植物生物量显增加。高原鼢鼠去除5年后,斑块内植物群落的单子叶植物物种数增加,而双子叶植物下降,植物群落物种多样性指数下降,地上、地下总生物量显增加,单子叶和可利用双子叶植物生物量增加极显,不可利用双子叶植物生物量显降低。高原鼢鼠栖息10年的斑块,净初级生产量较未栖息地区减少68.98%。高原鼢鼠去除5年后,净初级生产量增加,但仅达到未栖息地区的58.69%。     

亚高山草甸弃耕地植物群落演替的数量研究I.群落组成分析

 本文采用由植被的空间序列推断时间上演替系列的方法对甘南亚高山草甸弃耕地上的植物群落组成进行了分析。结果表明：(1)弃耕初期,莎草,禾草类在群落中的地位从开始时的71%急剧地下降到弃耕十二年时的6%;以后随着密丛型的莎草,禾草的侵入,它们地位又开始上升而恢复到30%一40%：杂类草的地位在开始时上升较快,而到了后期又有所下降;毒害草在群落中的地位基本稳定,保持在10%左右。 (2)群落的种丰富度、均匀度、Simpson多样性指数随弃耕年限增加而增大,而群落优势度随弃耕年限而减小。 (3)优势度—多样性曲线在弃耕初期为几何分布型,中后期演变为对数正态分布型,而对放牧顶极群落又近似于MacArthur分布型。     

Community Characteristics of Early Recovery Vegetation on Abandoned Lands of Shifting Cultivation in Bawangling of Hainan Island, South China

Shifting cultivation is a major form of agricultural practice in most parts of tropical regions worldwide. In places where the bush fallow period is excessively shortened or the period of cultivation is extended for too long, the rate of vegetation recovery and biodiversity on abandoned lands of shifting cultivation would decline. The recovery of the secondary plant communities could even be inhibited for a prolonged period because of grass occupancy. Because of the vital significance of the early recovery communities to secondary succession, we studied the community characteristics of early recovery vegetation on abandoned lands of shifting cultivation in Bawangling of Hainan Island. Measurements were made of the community composition and structure of early recovery vegetation. The sprouting abilities of different functional groups and different species in the same functional group, and the effect of the grass functional group on the composition and quantitative characteristics of tree and shrub functional groups were analyzed. Results indicated that only a few families, genera, or species apparently dominated in the early recovery vegetation on the abandoned lands of shifting cultivation and that deciduous species occurred with a rather high percentage in this early recovery community compared with the natural secondary or old growth forests. Smallsized individuals dominated the woody community. The abundance and basal area of sprouting stems for species in the tree functional group were greater than those of seeder stems, whereas the abundance and basal area of resprouters and seeders for species in the shrub functional group did not differ. The total abundance of stems for the community, stem abundances for species in tree or shrub functional groups, and for seeder or resprouter stems were all negatively correlated with coverage of the grass functional group. The mean sprouting ability in the tree functional group was greater than in the shrub functional group. The sprouting ability for different species in the same functional group was also significantly different.     

Biomass energy: the scale of the potential resource

Increased production of biomass for energy has the potential to offset substantial use of fossil fuels, but it also has the potential to threaten conservation areas, pollute water resources and decrease food security. The net effect of biomass energy agriculture on climate could be either cooling or warming, depending on the crop, the technology for converting biomass into useable energy, and the difference in carbon stocks and reflectance of solar radiation between the biomass crop and the pre-existing vegetation. The area with the greatest potential for yielding biomass energy that reduces net warming and avoids competition with food production is land that was previously used for agriculture or pasture but that has been abandoned and not converted to forest or urban areas. At the global scale, potential above-ground plant growth on these abandoned lands has an energy content representing approximately 5% of world primary energy consumption in 2006. The global potential for biomass energy production is large in absolute terms, but it is not enough to replace more than a few percent of current fossil fuel usage. Increasing biomass energy production beyond this level would probably reduce food security and exacerbate forcing of climate change.     

采煤沉陷区不同造林树种恢复土壤酚酸物质对土壤微生物的影响

酚酸物质是影响微生物群落和结构的最重要因子之一,研究酚酸物质在不同造林树种土壤中的变化规律及其与微生物群落结构的关系,有助于更好地了解和揭示采煤沉陷区恢复造林条件下微生物群落变化的机制.本研究在双鸭山宝山采煤沉陷区的撂荒地基础上营造三针一阔(红松、落叶松、樟子松和杨树)人工林,测定这4种造林地土壤酚类物质、11种酚酸物质和微生物群落结构.结果表明: 复合态酚含量总体表现为人工林显著高于撂荒地,其中,落叶松人工林和杨树人工林的复合态酚含量较高,落叶松人工林和红松人工林的总酚含量显著高于撂荒地,红松人工林的水溶性酚含量显著高于撂荒地;在11种酚酸物质中,阿魏酸、松香酸、β-谷甾醇、齐墩果酸、莽草酸、亚油酸和硬脂酸的含量在人工林土壤中较高.土壤酚类物质与土壤微生物生物量不存在显著的相关关系,个别的酚酸物质与土壤微生物的相关关系显著,其中,阿魏酸、松香酸和β-谷甾醇对土壤微生物生物量有明显的促进作用,与真菌和真菌/细菌存在显著的正相关关系.杨树人工林的酚酸物质含量较高,说明营造杨树人工林对采煤沉陷区的土壤恢复有益.     

海伦撂荒地植物生物量的季节变化

对海伦20年和7年撂荒地的地上生物量和地下生物量,以及农田地上生物量和地下生物量的田间定位调查和实验室分析对比研究结果表明,随着农田撂荒时间的延长,植被生物量（根生物量和地上生物量之和）具有明显增加趋势;地上生物量之间的差异不显著,而根生物量的差异达到显著水平,表明不同撂荒年限样地的生物量差异主要体现在根生物量,撂荒时间越长,生态系统抵抗环境胁迫的能力越强,生态系统越稳定,根生物量的周转值越小,表明生态系统具有更加稳定地供应养分和能量的能力。