奶牛阴道菌群分析与乳酸菌的分离及鉴定

目的研究奶牛阴道菌群,并从健康奶牛阴道分离出产酸能力很强的乳酸菌。方法采用常规的方法对奶牛阴道进行细菌的分离及鉴定,并进行菌群分析。结果健康奶牛阴道优势菌群主要为乳酸菌(P<0.01),屡配不孕奶牛阴道优势菌群主要为金黄色葡萄球菌(P<0.01);从健康奶牛阴道分离出的乳酸菌为55株,其中产酸能力很强的6株乳酸菌鉴定结果分别为Lactobacillus plantarum、Lactobacillus brevis、Enterococcus faecalis、Lactococcus garvieae、Lactobacillus kitasatonis和Lactobacillus amylovorus。结论奶牛阴道菌群中分离的6株乳酸菌可作为潜在的奶牛阴道微生态制剂进行深入研究。     

调整阴道菌群失调在预防妊娠晚期未足月胎膜早破中的价值

目的探讨调整阴道菌群失调在预防妊娠晚期未足月胎膜早破(PPROM)中的价值。方法选取产科门诊进行产前检查无症状单胎妊娠晚期孕妇450例。根据检查结果将其分为菌群失常组138例和菌群正常组312例。菌群失常组根据患者的自愿行乳酸菌阴道胶囊治疗112例(治疗组),未行乳酸菌阴道胶囊治疗26例(对照组)。观察并比较菌群正常组和菌群失常组、治疗组与对照组PPROM发生率。结果菌群失常组孕妇138例中发生PPROM 8例(5.80%),菌群正常组孕妇312例中发生PPROM 3例(0.96%),菌群失常组孕妇PPROM发生率明显高于菌群正常组(χ2=7.46,P0.05)。治疗组孕妇112例中发生PPROM 3例(2.68%),对照组孕妇26例中发生PPROM 5例(19.23%),治疗组孕妇PPROM发生率明显低于对照组(χ2=7.77,P0.05)。结论妊娠晚期孕妇阴道菌群失调与PPROM发生关系密切,予以乳酸菌阴道胶囊调整阴道菌群失调可有利于预防和治疗妊娠妇女发生生殖道感染,降低PPROM发生率,减少其对母婴造成的不良结局。     

门诊妇女阴道乳酸菌对临床常用抗生素耐药性的初步研究

目的研究临床常用抗生素类药物对妇女生殖道正常菌群乳酸菌的影响,为临床医生选用抗生素治疗妇科疾病提供初步参考,并为微生态学治疗和预防相关疾病提供理论依据。方法采用K-B法（纸片扩散法）,以临床采集到的12株阴道乳酸菌为试验菌,研究其对临床常用9大类13种抗生素的耐药性。结果在所测试的抗生索中,试验菌对甲硝唑形成的耐药环直径最小,对头孢噻肟形成的耐药直径最大。除甲硝唑外不同菌株对不同抗生索形成的耐药环直径差异较大。结论在该试验的条件下,乳酸菌对甲硝唑耐药性最强,可作为治疗阴道感染的首选药物;乳酸菌对头孢噻肟最敏感,因而在治疗阴道感染时,应尽量避免使用该药物。     

乳酸菌阴道胶囊联合小剂量甲硝唑对 中晚期妊娠滴虫性阴道炎妇女阴道菌群的调节作用

目的探讨乳酸菌阴道胶囊联合小剂量甲硝唑对中晚期妊娠滴虫性阴道炎妇女阴道菌群的调节作用。方法选择中晚期妊娠滴虫性阴道炎妇女140例,随机分为观察组和对照组各70例。对照组妇女予以甲硝唑片0.2g/次,3次/d,口服,连用1周。观察组在采用对照组治疗方法结束后再加用乳酸菌活菌胶囊0.25g/次,1次/d,阴道放置,连用1周。治疗结束后2周复诊,比较两组妇女的临床疗效、阴道乳酸菌检出率及产H_2O_2阳性率。结果观察组妇女临床总有效率明显高于对照组(χ~2=4.52,P0.05);观察组妇女阴道乳酸菌检出菌落≥1/2面积率明显高于对照组(χ~2=60.51,P0.01);观察组妇女产H_2O_2阳性率明显高于对照组(χ~2=14.12,P0.01)。结论乳酸菌阴道胶囊联合小剂量甲硝唑治疗中晚期妊娠滴虫性阴道炎妇女的疗效确切,能明显升高阴道乳酸菌数量及活性,纠正阴道菌群紊乱。     

乳酸菌阴道胶囊辅助治疗在行ART反复着床失败患者中的应用CSCD

目的 探究行辅助生殖技术(ART)反复着床失败患者应用乳酸菌阴道胶囊辅助治疗对子宫内膜容受性(ER)和阴道微生物的影响。方法选取2020年5月至2022年5月本院收治ART反复着床失败患者100例,根据治疗方式分为观察组(n=50)和对照组(n=50)。对照组采用常规治疗,观察组采用常规治疗联合乳酸菌阴道胶囊。比较两组的性激素水平(雌二醇、孕酮),内膜容积、子宫内膜厚度、血管血流指数(VFI)、内膜血流指数(FI)和阻力指数(RI)等子宫内膜容受性指标,阴道pH值、阴道菌群检出率和乳酸菌数量。结果 两组治疗前后血清雌二醇、孕酮水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组治疗前子宫内膜厚度、内膜容积、血管血流指数、内膜血流指数和阻力指数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后观察组子宫内膜厚度、内膜容积和血管血流指数均高于治疗前(P<0.01)和对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前两组菌群检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后两组菌群检出率均低于治疗前(P<0.05),治疗后观察组菌群检出率低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组阴道pH值均低于治疗前(P<0.001),治疗后观察组阴道pH值低于对照组(P<0.001)。两组阴道乳杆菌正常率均高于治疗前(P<0.05),治疗后观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组胚胎着床率、临床妊娠率、早期流产率和持续妊娠率差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论 乳酸菌阴道胶囊治疗ART反复着床失败患者可以改善子宫内膜容受性和阴道菌群。     

内蒙古地区健康与患炎症奶牛阴道菌群的比较研究

目的对健康与患炎症奶牛阴道菌群进行比较研究,为研制开发防治奶牛阴道炎症制剂奠定基础。方法本实验从内蒙古呼和浩特屠宰场采集健康奶牛的阴道40个,其中未配种奶牛阴道20个,配种期奶牛20个;并再采集患炎症的奶牛阴道20个。采用经典的微生物学方法,将阴道内黏膜以及粘液中的细菌分离、纯化、鉴定及计数,并对它们进行比较。结果未配种奶牛阴道内菌体生长极少,配种期奶牛阴道内菌群数量比例趋势为乳酸菌大肠菌群金黄色葡萄球菌链球菌表皮葡萄球菌其他菌群,患炎症奶牛阴道菌群内优势菌体为金黄色葡萄球菌,其次为大肠菌群与乳酸菌,而后为链球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和其他菌群。结论实验表明健康奶牛阴道内优势菌群为乳酸菌,患炎症奶牛阴道优势菌群为金黄色葡萄球菌,金黄色葡萄球菌比其他菌株更易在阴道粘液中生存,而大肠菌群虽为条件性致病菌,但是在患炎症的奶牛阴道中并未有很高的菌株分离数。     

阴道菌群移植治疗细菌性阴道炎的发展现状及展望

细菌性阴道炎 (Bacterial vaginosis,BV) 是由患者阴道内菌群失调导致的一类疾病。当前常规的抗生素疗法可进一步加剧阴道菌群失衡、破坏阴道酸性环境、导致耐药,因此其对BV治愈率低,复发率高。作为一种新兴的活菌疗法,阴道菌群移植 (Vaginal microbiota transplantation,VMT) 直接将健康妇女完整的阴道菌群“嫁接”给患者,可迅速恢复患者阴道菌群的平衡,改善患者的整体健康。文中对VMT的发展历程进行了回顾,讨论了VMT发展过程中面临的难题及发展方向,以期寻求新的治疗BV的策略,加速VMT的临床应用。     

乳酸菌阴道胶囊对早产患者阴道菌群及分娩结局的影响

目的探讨乳酸菌阴道胶囊对菌群失调早产患者阴道菌群及分娩结局的影响。方法 2018年9月-2019年12月在龙华区人民医院接受治疗及分娩的菌群失调先兆早产患者80例,参照随机数表法分为对照组、研究组各40例。对照组患者接受硝呋太尔制霉素软胶囊治疗,研究组患者接受乳酸菌阴道胶囊治疗6 d。停药1周后,比较两组患者的pH值、乳酸菌菌落数、H_2O_2检出率,记录两组患者分娩结局。结果研究组用药后pH值明显降低(P0.05),研究组和对照组用药后pH值差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组病原菌检出率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.556,P0.05);阴道乳酸菌菌落1/2面积检出阳性研究组明显增多,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=26.600,P0.05);产H_2O_2阳性率研究组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=9.141,P0.05);分娩时对照组复发率高(χ~2=20.093,P0.05);研究组不良妊娠结局发生率低于对照组患者(χ~2=6.263,P0.05)。结论乳酸菌阴道胶囊对菌群失调的早产患者阴道菌群、改善妊娠结局具有一定积极作用。     

阴道微生物组：种群特征与疾病干预治疗

高通量测序技术的发展显著加快了对人类微生物组的理解。将人体微生物组与疾病关联,力求阐明疾病的发生进程,是推进个性化精准医疗的重要研究方向。近年来,栖居于女性阴道的微生物菌群日益受到关注,发现其生态失调与疾病发生、演变密不可分。文中综述了阴道微生物组与生殖道疾病发生、进展和治疗的最新进展,同时对阴道微生物组培养组、益生菌工程化改造以及合成菌群在阴道微生物组学研究以及疾病干预与治疗方面的前景进行了展望。     

乳酸菌阴道胶囊联合甲硝唑栓对妊娠晚期BV患者阴道乳酸菌及妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨乳酸菌阴道胶囊联合甲硝唑栓对妊娠晚期细菌性阴道病(BV)患者阴道乳酸菌数量及妊娠结局的影响。方法选取产科门诊治疗的妊娠晚期BV妇女110例,随机分为观察组和对照组各55例。观察组予以乳酸菌阴道胶囊(1粒/晨,1次/d)联合甲硝唑栓(1粒/晚,1次/d)阴道给药,对照组予以单纯甲硝唑栓阴道给药治疗,用法与用量同观察组,两组疗程均为10d。治疗结束后1周复诊观察阴道乳酸菌数量,并比较其临床疗效、妊娠结局及阴道假丝酵母菌病(VVC)的发生率。结果 1周后复诊,观察组患者阴道乳酸菌数量多于对照组(χ2=24.44,P0.01);临床总有效率较对照组高(χ2=4.27,P0.05);早产发生率较对照组低(χ2=4.95,P0.05)。两组胎膜早破、新生儿黄疸、产褥感染和低体重儿等方面比较,差异不具有统计学意义(Ps0.05)。观察组和对照组分别诱发VVC2例(3.64%)和8例(14.55%),观察组VVC发生率低于对照组(χ2=3.96,P0.05)。结论妊娠晚期BV患者予以乳酸菌阴道胶囊和甲硝唑栓联合治疗的疗效确切,能增加阴道乳酸菌数量,纠正阴道菌群紊乱,减少VVC的发生率,从而减少早产发生率,改善妊娠结局。     

Obstetric and Gynecological Diseases and Complications Resulting from Vaginal Dysbacteriosis

Accurate knowledge of the composition and ecology of vaginal microbial environment of a healthy woman is necessary for the understanding of normal flora and how to reduce the risk for diseases. Vagina and its microflora form a balanced ecosystem in which dominated bacteria are vaginal lactobacilli. There are dynamic changes in this ecosystem having structure and composition depending on many factors. The term dysbacteriosis defines any movement outside the normal range for the given biotope of obligate and/or facultative microflora. Such a change in the quantity and quality of the respective microbial balance is fraught with danger and requires correction and recovery. The purpose of this overview is to examine obstetric and gynecological diseases that can cause vaginal impaired microbial balance. Vaginal dysbacteriosis is a cause, predecessor, and often also consequence of vaginal infections. In essence, any vaginal infection can be seen as dysbacteriosis, developed to the most severe extent. Here, there is a dominant microorganism other than lactic acid bacteria in the vagina (clinically manifested or not, respectively), depletion of defense mechanisms of the vagina associated with the shift of lactobacilli from their dominant role in the vaginal balance, decrease in their number and species diversity, and a resulting change in the healthy status of the vagina. Vaginal dysbacteriosis can be found in pathogenetic mechanism, whereby many obstetric and gynecological diseases develop. Most of these diseases lead directly to increased maternal and infant morbidity and mortality, so it is important to understand the reasons for them and the arrangements for their prevention.     

Probiotic effect of lactic acid bacteria in the feed on growth and survival of fry of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

A growing concern for the high consumption of antibiotics in aquaculture has initiated a search for alternative methods of disease control. Improved resistance against infectious diseases can be achieved by the use of probiotics. Probiotics are live microorganisms supplemented in food or feed which give beneficial effects on the intestinal microbial balance. In the present study a dry feed containing lactic acid bacteria (Carnobacterium divergens) isolated from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)intestines was given to cod fry. After three weeks of feeding the fry was exposed to a virulent strain of Vibrio anguillarum. The death rate was recorded during further three weeks of feeding with lactic acid bacteria supplemented feed. A certain improvement of disease resistance was obtained, and at the end of the experiment lactic acid bacteria dominated the intestinal flora in surviving fish given feed supplemented with lactic acid bacteria. No obvious growth inhibition of V. anguillarum was observed in an in vitro mixed culture of this bacterium and the C. divergens isolated from cod intestines. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

细菌性阴道病微生态与益生菌

细菌性阴道病(BV)是育龄妇女阴道炎的最常见原因,其特征是栖居在阴道内的乳酸杆菌减少导致阴道菌群平衡失调的复杂变化。用乳酸杆菌替代抗生素是治疗BV的一种有效的治疗措施。乳酸杆菌产生过氧化氢、乳酸、杆菌素能抑制引起BV的细菌生长。多胺在BV的病理机制中有重要作用。本研究拟综述BV患者阴道菌群的变化,免疫防御反应,阴道乳酸杆菌对BV的影响,多胺的意义,益生菌在治疗选择中的作用。     

Lactic acid bacteria of meat and meat products

When the growth of aerobic spoilage bacteria is inhibited, lactic acid bacteria may become the dominant component of the microbial flora of meats. This occurs with cured meats and with meats packaged in films of low gas permeability. The presence of a flora of psychrotrophic lactic acid bacteria on vacuum-packaged fresh chilled meats usually ensures that shelf-life is maximal. When these organisms spoil meats it is generally by causing souring, however other specific types of spoilage do occur. Some strains cause slime formation and greening of cured meats, and others may produce hydrogen sulphide during growth on vacuum-packaged beef. The safety and stability of fermented sausages depends upon fermentation caused by lactic acid bacteria. Overall the presence on meats of lactic acid bacteria is more desirable than that of the types of bacteria they have replaced.     

Vaginal lactic acid bacteria in the mare: evaluation of the probiotic potential of native Lactobacillus spp. and Enterococcus spp. strains

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are important members of the human vaginal microbiota and their presence is considered beneficial. However, little is known about native vaginal bacteria in other animal species such as the horse. The aim of this work was to quantify the vaginal lactic acid bacteria and lactobacilli of mares and to establish if selected equine vaginal lactic acid bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus and Enterococcus spp. strains, could exhibit potential as probiotics. The vaginal lactic acid bacteria and lactobacilli of 26 mares were quantified by plate counts. Five strains (three Lactobacillus spp. and two Enterococcus spp.) were characterised and adhesion to vaginal epithelial cells, antimicrobial activity and ability to form biofilms were evaluated. Lactic acid bacteria were recovered from the 26 samples and lactobacilli counts were detected in 18 out of 26 mares (69%). Probiotic properties tested in this study varied among the isolates and showed promising features for their use as equine probiotics.     

应用DGGE和Real-time PCR分析酸菜发酵液中乳酸菌的动态变化

目的使用DGGE和实时荧光定量PCR分析酸菜发酵液中乳酸菌的动态改变。方法采集传统天然发酵1~8周的酸菜发酵液50mL,抽提基因组DNA,使用DGGE对乳酸菌菌群进行多样性、相似性研究和优势菌的鉴定,实时荧光定量PCR测定乳酸菌含量。结果发酵周期加长,乳酸菌的含量随之也逐渐增大。清酒乳杆菌是酸菜自然发酵过程中的优势菌型,鼠李糖乳杆菌主要存在于发酵初期,发酵的中期(3~5周)、后期(6~8周)明显减少,同时发酵后期植物乳杆菌成为优势菌并完成全部发酵过程。发酵周期延长后,香农多样性指数和丰富度较高,出现先下降后上升的趋势,在第7周达到最大值。结论在DNA水平上,DGGE和实时定量PCR检测了酸菜发酵液中乳酸菌的含量,进行菌群结构的动态分析,明确优势菌型,为实现酸菜标准化生产提供理论依据。     

妊娠妇女与无性生活女性阴道分泌物 微生物组学分析

目的探讨妊娠妇女与无性生活女性阴道分泌物中菌群结构差异,为临床女性泌尿生殖系统疾病研究提供可靠的依据。方法运用高通量二代测序技术检测20例妊娠妇女和29例无性生活女性阴道分泌物中微生物;采用秩和检验进行组间显著性差异分析,使用生物信息学软件进行数据处理。结果 49份样本共注释出14个门、23个纲、33个目、28个科、38个属和23个种水平物种。妊娠妇女与无性生活女性阴道分泌物中菌群结构差异显著。妊娠妇女在种水平仅有Atopobium vaginae、Campylobacter ureolyticus、Lactobacillus coleohominis、德氏乳杆菌、瑞氏乳杆菌、惰性乳杆菌、罗伊乳杆菌、白假丝酵母菌和近平滑假丝酵母菌共9个物种。结论妊娠能引起女性阴道分泌物菌群结构发生改变,且菌种数量明显减少。Lactobacillus coleohominis和德氏乳杆菌可能在维持妊娠妇女阴道菌群平衡和自净作用中起到关键性作用。     

阴道微生态失调与早产相关性研究进展

健康育龄妇女的阴道微生态环境呈现多样性,阴道内微生物菌群以乳杆菌为主。乳杆菌可维持妇女阴道微环境平衡和保持阴道酸性环境以抑制致病性病原体生长。当乳杆菌比例低至致病阈值以下或无乳杆菌存在时,阴道微环境的菌群组成转变成以兼性需氧及厌氧菌为主。越来越多的证据表明,怀孕期间阴道菌群的异常与早产、及因早产和围产期结局不佳导致的潜在新生儿后遗症有关。本文综述了妊娠期阴道菌群的变化、细菌性阴道炎与早产发生风险等方面的问题,目的是帮助临床医生确定怀孕期间有阴道炎症状女性是否可接受治疗,从而降低早产、早产胎膜早破、绒毛膜羊膜炎和母胎传染病的发病率。     

The impact of lactic acid bacteria on cheese flavor

Abstract Chesse flavor is a manifestation of complex interactions of volatile and non-volatile flavor-active compounds plus tactual perception. Numerous agents, including lactic acid bacteria, procece the flavou sensations. The effect of lactic acid bacteria is more dominant in cheese varieties with limited growth of secondary flora. This review describes the indirect and direct impacts of lactic acid bacteria in cheese with emphasis on carbohydrate fermentation, changes in oxidation-reduction potential, interactions with non-starter bacteria, autolysis, proteolytic and peptidolytic activities, transport of metabolites and flavor production.     

Species diversity and relative abundance of vaginal lactic acid bacteria from women in Uganda and Korea

AIMS: Lactobacilli play an important role in maintaining vaginal health of women. The aim of this study was to compare the species richness and relative abundance of Lactobacillus and other lactic acid bacteria in women of two geographically distant countries, Uganda and Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: Vaginal samples were obtained from two women populations in Uganda and Korea. The Lactobacillus Rogosa SL agar was used for initial isolation of lactic acid bacteria. After phenotypic analyses, the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase-chain reaction and analysed by the BLAST program and phylogenetic tree construction. A total of 338 (128 Korean and 210 Ugandan) vaginal lactic acid bacterial strains were isolated, including five genera: Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Streptococcus and Weissella. While Lactobacillus crispatus was common in both populations, Lactobacillus fermentum was common only in Korean women, and Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus vaginalis only in Ugandan women. Among other lactic acid bacteria, Weissella was more common in Ugandan, and Pediococcus in Korean women. All Weissella strains produced hydrogen peroxide, and all Pediococcus strains inhibited Candida species. CONCLUSION: Although many lactic acid bacteria colonize women, their species distributions may be different in women of geographically separated communities. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The knowledge of species richness and relative abundance of vaginal lactic acid bacteria, including Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Weissella, may lead to the design of better probiotic products as bacterial replacement therapy.