陕西鸟类新纪录——小太平鸟

<正>太平鸟科Bombycillidae是雀形目的一个小科,包括3种太平鸟——太平鸟Bombycilla garrulus、雪松太平鸟B.cedrorum和小太平鸟B.japonica。其中太平鸟分布于北美、欧亚大陆、非洲北部、中南半岛、中国东南沿海;雪松太平鸟见于美洲;而小太平鸟的分布仅限于东亚地区。因数量稀少,分布区狭窄,小太平鸟一直被认为是近危(NT)物种。野外鉴别特征明显,与太平鸟的区别在于体型略小,尾端羽毛绯红色而非黄色,黑色过眼纹绕过羽冠延伸至头后。     

四川鸟类的新纪录——太平鸟与小太平鸟

今年一月间,张福礼同学和傅天佑同志,先后在四川省雅安市附近采得五只鸟类,经鉴定为属于雀形目(Passeriformes)太平鸟科(Bombycillidae) 的太平鸟(Bombycillagarrulus(Linne)和小太平鸟(Bombycillajaponica Siebold)。 采集时发现这两种鸟类约50只,同时群集于冬青树梢啄食果实。     

广东北部湾所发现的儒艮

懦艮(Dugong dugong)俗称海牛,属儒艮科(Dugongidae=Halicoridae),分布于印度洋和太平洋。我国古书称为人鱼,见于史记、山海经、临海异物志和太平御覧等书。     

江苏省发现雪鹀

正雪鹀(Plectrophenax nivalis)属雀形目鹀科(Emberizidae)。分布于北半球北部的广大区域,繁殖地位于北极区苔原冻土及海岸陡崖,越冬南迁。我国境内雪鹀分布范围较小,为北方亚种(P.n.vlasowae)。夏季在俄罗斯乌拉尔山系以西东北部向东沿至白令海峡一带繁殖(BirdLife International 2012),冬季则迁徙至俄罗斯远东地区、日本北海道(Brazil 2009),我国境内越冬见于新疆天山、阿尔泰山、内蒙古东部(常家传等1985)、黑龙江省及吉林省,也有迷鸟偶见于河北。主要栖息于低山丘陵和山脚平原地带,多在河边岩石和荒山小树林中的光裸地面活动。2012年11月11日在江苏如东小洋口曾发现两只雪鹀在堤岸上短暂停留,未拍摄到照片。2013年12月26日,在江苏省盐城珍禽国家级自然保护区境内的射阳县新洋港镇沿海湿地水产养殖塘附近(33°41'23.35″N,     

浙江千岛湖黄腿渔鸮的繁殖记录

<正>黄腿渔鸮(Ketupa flavipes)隶属于鸮形目鸱鸮科,1836年由英国博物学家Brian Houghton Hodgson在尼泊尔发现并命名。为单型种,无亚种分化。分布范围从喜马拉雅山脉延伸至中南半岛东部、中国大陆中南部及台湾,我国主要见于东部、中部和南部。在云南、贵州、四川、重庆、湖北、湖南、安徽、江西、江苏、上海、浙江、福建、广东、广西和台湾等地有记录(郑光美2011),均为留鸟。黄腿渔鸮为我国国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物;在IUCN     

槲寄生的生物学特征及鸟类对其种子的传播

2001年9月至2002年1月在黑龙江省尚志市帽儿山林场研究了槲寄生(Viscum coloratum)的生物学特征及鸟类对其种子的传播。槲寄生寄主共有9种阔叶树,杨树占比例最大,达73．3％。78．0％的槲寄生个体以杨树为寄主。多数槲寄生着生在杨树主干侧枝(43％)和细侧枝(42％)上,主干上仅l5％。寄主和槲寄生本身都呈聚集分布。槲寄生有两种色型果实,在量度上无明显差异。果实由果皮、果肉和种子构成,种子外面包裹一层胶质层。在帽儿山秋、冬季常见的7种食果实鸟类中,只有太平鸟（Bombycilla garrulus)在野外觅食槲寄生果实,斑鸫（Turdus naumanii)在笼养无其它食物时才食,其余5种鸟类拒食。太平鸟在11月以后觅食槲寄生果实频率增大。除根寄生果实外,太平鸟共可食帽儿山常见l7种肉质果中的12种。太平鸟在吞食果实后,种子外包胶质层随粪便排出,形成“种子线”粘在树枝上,槲寄生种子被传播到适宜的生境,在春天萌根生长。笼养太平鸟时,种子在消化道的滞留时间约11min,这意味着在野外很长的扩散距离。槲寄生和太平鸟之间形成了特定的互利互生系统。     

云南高黎贡山发现黑顶蟆口鸱

正夜鹰目(Caprimulgiformes)蛙口夜鹰科(Podargidae)物种为夜行性鸟类,广布于亚洲及大洋洲,共3属16种。其中,东南亚分布有12种,均属蟆口鸱属(Batrachostomus)(Winkler et al. 2020)。黑顶蟆口鸱(B. hodgsoni)是中国唯一有分布的蟆口鸱属物种,在我国仅记载于滇西南和藏东南,国外见于东喜马拉雅山脉、缅甸北部及中南半岛(约翰·马敬能等2000,郑光美2017,Holyoak 2020)。     

山鹡鸰在桂林繁殖

山(脊鸟)鸰(Dendronanthus indicus)隶属于雀形目(脊鸟)鸰科山(脊鸟)鸰属。据郑作新教授著《中国鸟类分布名录》1976记载,此鸟在福建南部,江西,广东和海南岛,广西,云南为旅鸟、冬候鸟。另据杰门捷也夫等1951—1954     

婺源鸟类纪录解析

迄今为止在婺源先后共记录到鸟类302种,分属63科,其中非雀形目鸟类32科143种、雀形目鸟类31科159种。同时,婺源保存有某些特殊鸟种的独立群体,如靛冠噪鹛(Garrulax coutoisi),2011~2013年繁殖季节的统计结果其总数量超过250只;白腿小隼(Microhierax melanoleucos)在婺源有近50处的繁殖点,分布遍及婺源全境,其有效种群数量至少在40个繁殖对以上,总数量在120只个体上下;小太平鸟(Bombycilla japonica)在婺源有一个小的居留群,繁殖季节分成2个小群,2013年1月27日曾见到70余只;作为留鸟的鸳鸯(Aix galericulata),在婺源有繁殖点近百个,数量达上千只。婺源还记录有濒危鸟种栗夜(Gorsachius goisagi)和虎斑夜(G.magnificus)。     

拯救海南虎斑[开鸟]

海南虎斑[开鸟]隶属于鹳形目鹭科虎斑[开鸟]属,别名水骆驼、夜鹤,是我国特有的珍稀鸟类,只分布于中国南方少数地区。     

华南大戟科植物的增补

作者清理采自中国南部大戟科标本过程,发现一些需增补的分类群,现报道其中２个新种：分布于广东封开县的印禅铁苋菜Ａｃａｌｙｐｈａｗｕｉ和印禅三宝木Ｔｒｉｇｏｎｏｓｔｅｍｏｎｗｕｉ;２个新纪录种：分布于云南勐海县的短序白桐树Ｃｌａｏｘｙｌｏｎｓｕｂｓｅｓｓｉｌｉｆｌｏｒｕｍ和生长于海南南沙群岛的南沙大戟Ｅｕｐｈｏｒｂｉａｒｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ;１个近代生长于广东、贵州和四川的归化种－桃叶猩猩草Ｅｕｐｈｏｒｂｉａｈｅｔｅｒｏｐｈｙｌｌａ,而将依据四川渡口的标本命名的柳叶大戟Ｅ．ｅｐｉｌｉｂｉｉｆｏｌｉａ作为它的新异名．     

Taxonomical Revision of Some Species of Lunathyrium Koidzumi in N. E. Asia

This paper deals with some species of Lunathyrium Koidz. in N. E. Asia; including the eastern mountainous district of N. E. China; Far East Region of U. S. S. R.; Korea and Japan.     

中国实蕨属的分类修订

对实蕨属Bolbitis的17种植物的孢子进行了扫描电镜观察。根据孢子周壁特征,中国产实蕨属的孢子明显可分为3种类型：A型孢子具网状周壁,B型孢子具鸡冠状-波状周壁,C型孢子具平滑的波状周壁。孢子周壁特征、叶脉式样和叶片顶部的形态是实蕨属中最有价值的分类学性状。根据标本检查,结合野外调查和孢子形态观察,对中国产实蕨属的分类进行了修订,确定中国有实蕨属植物20种和3杂交种,其中包括2个新组合B. fengiana (Ching) S. Y. Dong和B. medogensis (Ching &; S. K. Wu) S. Y. Dong,以及2个中国新分布B. costata Ching ex C. Chr.和B. hookeriana K. Iwats.。将B. latipinna Ching、B. media Ching &; Chu H. Wang、B. yunnanensis Ching、Egenolfia crassifolia Ching、E. crenata Ching &; P. S. Chiu、E. fengiana Ching、E. medogensis Ching &; S. K. Wu和E. ×yunnanensis Ching &; P. S. Chiu等8个名称处理为新异名。文中给出了分种检索表、每个种的生境和分布资料、大多数种的特征集要和孢子扫描电镜照片。     

Canine ehrlichiosis caused simultaneously by Ehrlichia canis and Ehrlichia platys

To identify the causative agent of canine ehrlichiosis that has occurred in the suburbs of Guangzhou, China, since 1998, the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Two sequences of 1,482 and 1,483 base pairs were obtained and named as Gzh981 and Gzh982, respectively. The level of similarity of these two was 91.50%, and Gzh981 closely resembled the 16S rRNA gene of Ehrlichia canis, whereas Gzh982 resembled Ehrlichia platys. We therefore conclude that E. canis and E. platys together caused recent outbreaks of canine ehrlichiosis in China.     

国产海桑属（Sonneratia Linn．f．）植物的形态解剖

本文描述我国海南岛产的卵叶海桑、海南海桑、杯萼海桑、拟海桑、海桑等５种海桑属植物的叶、花、果实、种子、木材等的形态结构;分析它们的主要特征在各种植物之间的异同．观察结果表明,海南海桑和拟海桑两新种的形态结构特征与其它各种植物有明显的不同,并讨论它们之间的分类关系。     

西藏林芝真蚋亚属三新种（双翅目：蚋科）

本文记述西藏林芝真蚋亚属Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ三种：凸端真蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｃｏｎｃａｖｕｓｔｙｌｕｍｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．、林芝真蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｌｉｎｇｚｉｅｎｓｅｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．、裂缘真蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｓｃｈｉｚｏｌｏｍｕｎｓｐ．ｎｏｖ 。     

Physical mapping of repetitive sequences and genome analysis in six Elymus species by in situ hybridization

Genome constitution and genetic relationships between six Elymus species were assessed by physical mapping of different repetitive sequences using a technique of sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization and genomic in situ hybridization.The six Elymus species are all naturally growing species in northwest China,namely,E.sibiricus,E.nutans,E.barystachyus,E.xiningensis,E.excelsus,and E.dahuricus.An StStHH genome constitution was revealed for E.sibiricus and StStHHYY for the remainder species.Each chromosome could be clearly characterized by physical mapping with 18S-26S rDNA,5S rDNA,Afa-family,and AAG repeats,and be allocated to a certain genome by genomic in situ hybridization.Two 5S rDNA sites,each in the H and St genomes,and three 18S-26S rDNA sites,two in the St genome and one in the Y genome,were uncovered in most of the species.The strong Afa-family hybridization signals discriminated the H genome from the St and Y genomes.The H and Y genome carried more AAG repeats than St.A common non-Robertsonian reciprocal translocation between the H and Y genomes was revealed in E.barystachyus,E.xiningensis,E.excelsus and E.dahuricus.Comparison of molecular karyotypes strongly suggests that they can be classified into three groups,namely,E.sibiricus,E.nutans,and others.     

The taxonomy and distribution ofEuchresta japonica (Leguminosae)

The taxonomic position ofEuchresta trifoliolata is discussed, and it is concluded that it is identical withE. japonica. Consequently,E. japonica can be considered to be discontinuously distributed between SW. Japan and S. China and represents a unique pattern of distribution, which has not been known for the flora of Japan and China.E. japonica is also considered to represent a relic distribution pattern.     

Alkaloid polymorphism and ITS sequence variation in the Spiraea japonica complex (Rosaceae) in China: traces of the biological effects of the Himalaya-Tibet Plateau uplift

Spiraea japonica, a diverse, perennial shrubby species complex widespread across E Asia, was a useful model in a first attempt to link specific phylogeny, floristic evolution, and historical environmental changes in E Asia. DNA-based phylogenetic reconstruction served as a framework to investigate whether the patterns of variation in alkaloids and nrITS from varieties of S. japonica reflect the geological history of China and the uplifting of the Himalaya-Tibet plateau, the most significant geological event in E Asia since the late Paleocene. The high geographical structure found in the phylogenetic trees was corroborated by the distribution of alkaloids. All populations from E China, with mainly hetisine-type alkaloids, formed a single clade, sister to a clade of all populations from SW China, with mainly atisine-type alkaloids. The distribution boundary between the two clades roughly matched the floristic division between the Sino-Japanese Forest and the Sino-Himalayan Forest subkingdoms, as well as the environmental division between SW and E China, suggesting a close link between specific phylogeny, floristic evolution, and geographical changes in E Asia. The divergence between lineages at variety and population level within the eastern clade was slightly older than those within the southwestern clade, supporting the hypothesis of a northeast-southwest migration of Spiraea since the Eocene. The uplift of the Himalaya-Tibet plateau and subsequent increase in geographical complexity in SW China, could facilitate divergence maintenance, thus accelerating the evolutionary rate.     

New records of Stixis Lour. (Capparaceae) from China

1CHEN Wen-Hong,1SHUI Yu-Min,2YANG Zhi-Guo,1CHENG Xiao 1(Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China) 2 (Hekou Forestry Bureau, Forestry Department of Yunnan Province, Hekou 661300, China) 2003,41（1）.—89～90 Abstract：Two taxa of Stixis　Lour., S.ovata(Korth.) Hall.　f. ssp. fasciculata(King) Jacobs and S. scandens　Lour., are reported as new records from China .