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1.
代谢网络在代谢功能研究、生物代谢过程控制、疾病诊断分析和药物靶标设计等方面具有重要理论和实践意义。生物信息学研究利用序列同源、结构模拟、对接等手段与生化实验有效结合促进了生物体代谢网络的进一步完善。本文作者在构建幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori 26695,H.pylori 26695)代谢网络的工作基础上综合了近年来研究者对H.pylori 26695代谢通路关键酶的研究成果,并结合基因组信息,综述了H.pylori 26695特异性的重要代谢通路。本文从基因组水平阐明代谢通路与基因的关系,并详细分析了关键酶对H.pylori 26695生理的重要作用,最后探讨了重构一个连续、完整的代谢网络面临的困难及其在药物靶标设计方面的研究前景。  相似文献   

2.
糖生物信息学是在糖生物学和糖组学发展的基础上,结合计算机技术,对生命活动过程中,参与糖链及与其相互作用的蛋白质等分子研究所产生的数据进行获取、储存、解析、模拟以及预测等内容的综合学科.糖生物信息学数据库是糖生物信息学发展到一定阶段,对糖组学等研究中产生的数据进行专门储藏与查询的应用工具.目前国际互联网中存在近百个糖生物信息学相关数据库,涉及内容包括糖链结构、参与糖链合成的基因或者蛋白质、糖结合蛋白、代谢通路、糖链或相互作用蛋白质等分子三维结构,或糖组学实验结果等领域.本文将归纳总结糖生物信息学数据库,为现有研究提供帮助.  相似文献   

3.
Xu FL  Gong JP 《生理科学进展》2006,37(4):325-330
蛋白质组学的目标在于阐明特定生物体、组织、细胞或亚细胞结构中全部蛋白质的表达模式和功能模式,其技术平台由高通量的蛋白质分离技术、鉴定技术和生物信息学组成。在许多研究领域,蛋白质组学技术为阐明疾病过程和生命现象的分子机制提供了全面、网络和动态的蛋白质组信息。感染是重要的基本致病因素之一,蛋白质组学的研究策略和技术方法有利于快速分离鉴定病原体蛋白质组、宿主免疫细胞蛋白质组、感染相关蛋白、疫苗候:选抗原蛋白、生物标志物和药物靶标,从而明显加快病原体、宿主反应、感染发病机制以及感染预防、诊断和治疗等相关研究的进程。  相似文献   

4.
盛嘉  郑思远  郝沛 《生物信息学》2010,8(2):124-126,133
药物靶标发现是目前生物学研究领域的热点和难点问题。从已有药物靶标中寻找规律可以为新靶标的发现总结规律,提供依据。随着功能基因组学的发展,这种组学数据的积累为这一问题的研究提供了契机。本文研究了已有靶标在蛋白网络中的分布,并分析了它们的蛋白功能域组成情况。结果显示靶标基因倾向位于网络的核心区域,并且集中在一些特定蛋白家族中。这些规律的总结将对药物研发过程中药物靶点的选择提供一定的帮助。  相似文献   

5.
传统中药具有毒副作用低,药物资源广泛,不易产生耐药性以及多靶点协同作用等优点.然而,中药临床应用中存在的作用物质基础不清,药物吸收、分布和代谢途径不确定,活性成分作用机制不明确等问题,在很大程度上限制了中药进一步的临床应用.因此,发现和确认中药活性成分的作用靶标,阐明中药活性成分的药效物质基础和分子作用机制是中药现代化研究中亟待解决的关键科学问题.基于软电离技术的生物质谱具有高灵敏度、高特异性、高通量、低样品消耗等优势,已成为现代药物发现领域药物靶标鉴定的有力工具,在中药活性成分靶标鉴定中也得到越来越多的应用.本文总结、评述近年来应用生物质谱分析新方法、新技术,筛选鉴定中药活性成分靶标蛋白的最新研究进展,旨在阐述生物质谱技术研究中药活性成分作用机制的基本策略和取得的研究成果,以期进一步促进生物质谱技术在中药现代化研究领域中的应用.  相似文献   

6.
靶标确证是老药新用、药物毒副作用研究的关键。基于分子对接方法 Auto Dock Vina和内部构建的疾病靶标数据库,采用分布式架构,构建了反向虚拟筛选平台。应用该平台对药物吡斯的明进行靶标确证,最终成功找到其靶标乙酰胆碱酯酶,验证了平台的实用性和准确性。  相似文献   

7.
近年来基于高通量基因测序的微生物组学研究极大加深了人们对微生物与健康和疾病关系的认识。然而基因测序方法不能直接测定微生物的功能活性,难以鉴定微生物中的关键功能分子,单独使用无法回答肠道微生物何种成员通过何种方式影响宿主等关键科学问题。单一组学研究弊端尽显,多组学联用势在必行。肠道微生物代谢组学以微生物群落所有小分子代谢物为研究对象,可发现肠道微生物随宿主病理生理变化的关键代谢物,为微生物组-宿主互作机制研究提供线索,成为微生物组学研究的重要补充。肠道微生物功能基因组学与代谢组学关联分析在宿主生理、疾病病理、药物药理等方面取得众多进展,展现良好应用前景。然而目前肠道微生物功能基因组学与代谢组学关联分析存在方法滥用、相关性结论与生物学知识相悖等突出问题。为帮助正确应用肠道微生物功能宏基因组学与代谢组学关联分析,本文综述了各种多组学数据整合分析方法的原理、优缺点与适用范围,并给出了应用建议。  相似文献   

8.
【目的】miRNAs(microRNAs)是一类广泛存在于真核生物中并参与调控生物体多种生命活动的非编码RNA。昆虫蜕皮发育过程包括新表皮的生成和旧表皮的降解。本研究旨在鉴定靶向调控飞蝗表皮代谢关键基因的miRNAs,为研究飞蝗Locusta migratoria表皮发育的分子调控机制提供一定的实验基础,同时为研发新的害虫防治分子靶标和防治策略提供科学依据。【方法】采用生物信息学方法预测与飞蝗表皮代谢关键基因潜在结合的miRNAs;荧光定量PCR方法检测表皮代谢相关基因及以其为靶标的miRNAs在飞蝗2龄和3龄第1,3和5天若虫中的表达趋势;利用免疫共沉淀技术及双荧光素酶报告技术在体内外水平分析miRNA与其靶基因的结合情况。【结果】生物信息学方法预测到与脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)、UDP-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophorylase,UAP)、糖基转移酶(asparagine-linked glycosylation protein 5,ALG5)和Sinuous等表皮代谢相关酶基因有潜在结合能力的miRNAs分别为miRNA-276b,miRNA-2796,miRNA-275和miRNA-184。荧光定量PCR分析表明,FAS,UAP,ALG5以及Sinuous在飞蝗2龄和3龄不同日龄若虫表皮中具有相似的表达趋势,FAS与以其为靶标的miRNA-276b表达趋势相同,其余3个基因与以其为靶标的miRNAs的表达趋势相反。通过体内免疫共沉淀研究发现,AGO1抗体可显著富集FAS,UAP,ALG5和Sinuous基因以及以其为靶标的miRNAs。体外双荧光素酶实验发现,miRNA-276b,miRNA-2796,miRNA-275和miRNA-184对表皮代谢基因FAS,UAP,ALG5和Sinuous的表达有较明显的抑制作用。【结论】本研究鉴定了靶向调控飞蝗表皮代谢基因FAS,UAP,ALG5和Sinuous的潜在miRNAs,为进一步研究表皮miRNAs对飞蝗蜕皮发育的调控机制及害虫防治新靶标的发现提供了重要科学依据。  相似文献   

9.
10.
家蝇(Musca domestica)属于双翅目昆虫,广泛分布于世界各地,目前家蝇抗药现象较为严重.为了筛选及挖掘与防治有害医学昆虫相关的分子靶标,本研究以家蝇幼虫为实验对象,采用RNAi方法沉默家蝇几丁质酶MDCht9基因后,分析幼虫mRNA转录组表达变化,初步探讨MDCht9的功能.研究结果表明,在注射dsRNA 24 h后,幼虫MDCht9 mRNA的表达显著下降85%,提示干扰有一定效果.实验组与对照组相比共筛选出378个基因差异表达显著,其中上调基因162个,下调基因216个,占所有被检测到转录RNA基因的百分比为2.66%.通过GO和KEGG相关生物信息学分析,挖掘出涉及幼虫时期生长发育、蛋白质的消化与吸收、雄虫性成熟、物质代谢等相关通路基因.采用实时荧光定量PCR对差异基因进行验证,与转录组结果一致.本实验通过RNAi方法成功降低MDCht9基因mRNA表达,MDCht9基因参与幼虫时期生长发育、蛋白质的消化与吸收、雄虫性成熟、物质代谢等功能.本研究结果有助于后续生物信息学分析及为家蝇生长发育关键基因的挖掘提供基础数据,为害虫防治提供新的靶标途径.  相似文献   

11.
The success of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across a wide range of domains has fuelled significant interest in its application to designing novel compounds and screening compounds against a specific target. However, many existing AI methods either do not account for the 3D structure of the target at all or struggle to capture meaningful spatial information from the target. In this Opinion, we highlight a range of recent structure-aware approaches which utilise deep learning for compound design and virtual screening. We discuss how such methods can be better integrated into existing drug discovery pipelines by facilitating the design of compounds which conform to a specified design hypothesis and by uncovering key protein-ligand interactions which can be used to aid molecule design.  相似文献   

12.
Identifying the key drivers of common human diseases and associated signaling pathways remains one of the primary objectives in the biomedical and life sciences. In this respect, common inbred strains of mice have played a crucial role, and recent advances in the development of genomics and bioinformatics tools have significantly enhanced their utility for this purpose. These advances have enabled a more holistic, network-oriented view of biological systems that facilitates elucidation of the underlying causes of disease and the best ways to target them. Success in reconstructing gene networks underlying disease traits (or other complex traits like drug response) and identifying the key drivers of these traits now largely rests on integrative approaches that combine data from multiple different sources. Such integrative genomics approaches that take into account genotypic, molecular profiling and clinical data in segregating mouse populations have recently been developed. Key to this integration has been the development and application of sophisticated algorithms to mine the diversity of data.  相似文献   

13.
Impressive progress in genome sequencing, protein expression and high-throughput crystallography and NMR has radically transformed the opportunities to use protein three-dimensional structures to accelerate drug discovery, but the quantity and complexity of the data have ensured a central place for informatics. Structural biology and bioinformatics have assisted in lead optimization and target identification where they have well established roles; they can now contribute to lead discovery, exploiting high-throughput methods of structure determination that provide powerful approaches to screening of fragment binding.  相似文献   

14.
While it is currently estimated that 40 to 50% of eukaryotic proteins are phosphorylated, little is known about the frequency and local effects of phosphorylation near pharmaceutical inhibitor binding sites. In this study, we investigated how frequently phosphorylation may affect the binding of drug inhibitors to target proteins. We examined the 453 non‐redundant structures of soluble mammalian drug target proteins bound to inhibitors currently available in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). We cross‐referenced these structures with phosphorylation data available from the PhosphoSitePlus database. Three hundred twenty‐two of 453 (71%) of drug targets have evidence of phosphorylation that has been validated by multiple methods or labs. For 132 of 453 (29%) of those, the phosphorylation site is within 12 Å of the small molecule‐binding site, where it would likely alter small molecule binding affinity. We propose a framework for distinguishing between drug‐phosphorylation site interactions that are likely to alter the efficacy of drugs versus those that are not. In addition we highlight examples of well‐established drug targets, such as estrogen receptor alpha, for which phosphorylation may affect drug affinity and clinical efficacy. Our data suggest that phosphorylation may affect drug binding and efficacy for a significant fraction of drug target proteins. Proteins 2015; 83:25–36. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

15.
Technological advances to increase the throughput of purified protein production and co-crystallization of target proteins with small molecules have helped to solidify the role that structure via crystallography has on drug discovery. Visualization of how drug-like molecules bind to the target protein is a key step in driving follow-up or preclinical chemistry to improve characteristics of the molecule. Using structural information to guide small-molecule design and generate new chemical ideas is now a mainstay in the drug discovery process.  相似文献   

16.
药物靶标的发现和验证是新药研发的关键环节,对新药创制具有源头创新意义。天然产物是新药创制的重要来源,识别其作用靶点不仅为临床预防治疗提供可能新策略,也为进一步阐释中草药及其复方的作用特点及分子机制提供参考依据。随着生命科学和信息学的发展,药物靶点的识别及确证方法不断涌现,生物信息学、网络药理学、蛋白质组学、亲和色谱、药物亲和稳定性、芯片技术、基因敲除技术、RNA干扰等技术的广泛应用,越来越多的天然活性成分的靶点得以识别和验证。因此,本文对近五年来天然活性成分作用靶点识别及确证方法做一简要综述,以供参考。  相似文献   

17.
Ode H 《Uirusu》2011,61(1):35-47
More than 20 drugs have been available for anti-HIV-1 treatment in Japan. Combination therapy with these drugs dramatically decreases in morbidity and mortality of AIDS. However, due to high mutation rate of HIV-1, treatment with ineffective drugs toward patients infected with HIV-1 causes accumulation of mutations in the virus, and emergence of drug resistant viruses. Thus, to achieve appropriate application of the drugs toward the respective patients living with HIV-1, methods for predicting the level of drug-resistance using viral sequence information has been developed on the basis of bioinformatics. Furthermore, ultra-deep sequencing by next-generation sequencer whose data analysis is also based on bioinformatics, or in silico structural modeling have been achieved to understand drug resistant mechanisms. In this review, I overview the bioinformatics studies about drug resistance against anti-HIV-1 drugs.  相似文献   

18.
工业催化用酶已经成为现代生物制造技术的核心"芯片"。不断设计和研发新型高效的酶催化剂是发展工业生物技术的关键。工业催化剂创新设计的科学基础是对酶与底物的相互作用、结构与功能关系及其调控机制的深入剖析。随着生物信息学和智能计算技术的发展,可以通过计算的方法解析酶的催化反应机理,进而对其结构的特定区域进行理性重构,实现酶催化性能的定向设计与改造,促进其工业应用。聚焦工业酶结构-功能关系解析的计算模拟和理性设计,已成为工业酶高效创制改造不可或缺的关键技术。本文就各种计算方法和设计策略以及未来发展趋势进行简要介绍和讨论。  相似文献   

19.
Proteases are enzymes that cleave and hydrolyse the peptide bonds between two specific amino acid residues of target substrate proteins. Protease-controlled proteolysis plays a key role in the degradation and recycling of proteins, which is essential for various physiological processes.Thus, solving the substrate identification problem will have important implications for the precise understanding of functions and physiological roles of proteases, as well as for therapeutic target identification and pharmaceutical applicability. Consequently, there is a great demand for bioinformatics methods that can predict novel substrate cleavage events with high accuracy by utilizing both sequence and structural information. In this study, we present Procleave, a novel bioinformatics approach for predicting protease-specific substrates and specific cleavage sites by taking into account both their sequence and 3D structural information. Structural features of known cleavage sites were represented by discrete values using a LOWESS data-smoothing optimization method,which turned out to be critical for the performance of Procleave. The optimal approximations of all structural parameter values were encoded in a conditional random field(CRF) computational framework, alongside sequence and chemical group-based features. Here, we demonstrate the outstanding performance of Procleave through extensive benchmarking and independent tests. Procleave is capable of correctly identifying most cleavage sites in the case study. Importantly, when applied to the human structural proteome encompassing 17,628 protein structures, Procleave suggests a number of potential novel target substrates and their corresponding cleavage sites of different proteases.Procleave is implemented as a webserver and is freely accessible at http://procleave.erc.monash.edu/.  相似文献   

20.
The lack of efficient identification and isolation methods for specific molecular binders has fundamentally limited drug discovery. Here, we have developed a method to select peptide nucleic acid (PNA) encoded molecules with specific functional properties from combinatorially generated libraries. This method consists of three essential stages: (1) creation of a Lab‐on‐Bead? library, a one‐bead, one‐sequence library that, in turn, displays a library of candidate molecules, (2) fluorescence microscopy‐aided identification of single target‐bound beads and the extraction – wet or dry – of these beads and their attached candidate molecules by a micropipette manipulator, and (3) identification of the target‐binding candidate molecules via amplification and sequencing. This novel integration of techniques harnesses the sensitivity of DNA detection methods and the multiplexed and miniaturized nature of molecule screening to efficiently select and identify target‐binding molecules from large nucleic acid encoded chemical libraries. Beyond its potential to accelerate assays currently used for the discovery of new drug candidates, its simple bead‐based design allows for easy screening over a variety of prepared surfaces that can extend this technique's application to the discovery of diagnostic reagents and disease markers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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