大黄药材蒽醌成分的HPLC指纹图谱研究

以大黄酚为参照物,利用高效液相色谱梯度洗脱,测定了10批大黄样品,建立以大黄药材蒽醌及衍生物成分为特征的指纹图谱,色谱柱为YMC-ODS-AQC18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈(A)-0.2%磷酸水(B),检测波长270 nm,柱温25℃,流速1.0 mL/min,通过高压液相指纹色谱分析,鉴定了13个色谱峰的化学成分,找出24个共有峰,相似度均大于0.92。本文所建立的方法可作为大黄药材质量控制。     

鹅不食草液相色谱指纹图谱及化学成分表征

目的:建立鹅不食草的HPLC指纹图谱,并对其化学成分进行表征。方法:指纹图谱采用Alltima~(TM)C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),柱温为35℃,流动相为乙腈-0.2%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 m L/min;检测波长为290 nm,进样量为20μL。成分表征采用UPLC-QTOF-MS分析,Waters ACQUITY HSS T3(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,0.1%甲酸乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸水(B)梯度洗脱,ESI离子源,正离子与负离子模式下采集数据。结果:通过12批鹅不食草的HPLC指纹图谱分析,确定了13个特征峰,12批样品的相似度在0.837~0.997之间;UPLC-QTOF-MS鉴别出26个化学成分,其中Dulcoside A、Kaurane pentanedioic acid derivative及3’,4’-didesulphatedcarboxyatractyloside等二萜苷类化合物系首次在鹅不食草药材中发现。结论:本研究建立的HPLC指纹图谱和化学成分表征信息具有"全息"特征,可为鹅不食草药材整体质量评价提供科学依据。     

毛脉酸模不同生长发育期HPLC色谱指纹图谱研究

采用HPLC-DAD方法,梯度洗脱,对10批不同生长发育期毛脉酸模根样品进行主成分分析。色谱条件为:Planetsil C18分析柱(5μm, 200 mm×4.6 mm),预柱Phenomenex ODS-C18(4×3.0 mm ID),柱温40℃,流动相A为甲醇;流动相B为水(磷酸调pH值为2.0),流动相A从30%甲醇到100%甲醇,时间为0~50 min,检测波长254 nm。10批毛脉酸模样品得到的色谱指纹图谱有27个共有峰,其特征峰指纹图谱可分为Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ三组:第Ⅰ组包括0~17 min(1~14号峰),第Ⅱ组包括17~35 min(15~24号峰),第Ⅲ组包括35~50 min(25~27号峰)。HPLC-DAD方法分析毛脉酸模主成分,方法准确可靠,其本身具有多成分同时定性的优势;27个共有峰的出峰先后顺序及相对含量极具特征性、专属性,重复性好,形成了毛脉酸模特有的HPLC色谱指纹图谱,可作为毛脉酸模内在质量评价、鉴定及其最佳采收期确定提供科学依据。     

复方虎杖高效液相色谱指纹图谱的研究

采用高效液相色谱法,建立了复方虎杖指纹图谱的分析方法。色谱条件为：ZORBAX C18（150mm×4．6mm,5um）,检测波长310nm,柱温：25℃,流动相：甲醇（0～85％）：5％乙酸溶液（100％-15％）,梯度洗脱70min。通过分析,确立了复方虎杖指纹图谱的22个共有峰。10批样不同产地的药材指纹图谱具有较好的相似度。该方法准确可靠,重复性好,可用于复方虎杖药材及其制剂的质量控制。     

广西产拳卷地钱HPLC指纹图谱研究

为了对广西产拳卷地钱药材进行质量控制,采用HPLC指纹图谱法对8批药材进行了研究,色谱条件为安捷伦ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈(B)-0.1%磷酸水溶液(D),梯度洗脱,检测波长为230 nm,柱温为25℃。结果表明:建立了参考指纹图谱,共有峰6个,8批广西产拳卷地钱药材HLPC指纹图谱相似度均大于0.75,其精密度、重复性、稳定性实验均符合指纹图谱技术要求。HPLC指纹图谱分析,数据稳定可靠,方法简便高效,可为广西产拳卷地钱质量评价提供参考。     

胡黄连药材的指纹图谱研究

利用HPLC—DAD—MS法,研究胡黄连的高效液相色谱指纹图谱,为科学评价及有效控制其质量提供可靠方法。采用C18色谱柱,甲醇-水（含0．1％的甲酸）梯度洗脱;流速为1．0mL／min,检测波长290nm;柱温为室温。对不同产地的胡黄连药材进行指纹图谱分析,通过HPLC—MS技术指认指纹图谱共有模式中共有峰的归属。比较5种产地胡黄连药材指纹图谱确定了16个共有峰,并指认了含量超过50％的胡黄连苷Ⅱ和苷Ⅰ。发现产地不同,其指纹图谱有差别。试验方法和结果具有较好的准确性和稳定性,可以为胡黄连药物研究提供参考资料,对胡黄连药材的质量评价具有重要的参考价值。     

战骨药材及其复方制剂的指纹图谱分析及牡荆素含量测定

建立战骨药材及其复方制剂的HPLC指纹图谱分析及牡荆素的HPLC含量测定方法,并考察牡荆素在跌打生骨胶囊制备过程中的含量变化。采用Waters Xbridge C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相为乙腈-0.5%冰醋酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;流速为1.0mL/min;检测波长为350 nm;柱温:25oC。结果表明牡荆素在0.16~0.80μg范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.9996);10批战骨药材的指纹图谱有19个共有特征峰,其峰面积占总峰面积的90%以上。每克药材含牡荆素在15.8~30.2μg之间。制备胶囊的稠膏及内容物颗粒未检出牡荆素。表明本实验建立的HPLC方法可用于测定战骨药材中牡荆素的含量,而不适用于其复方制剂中牡荆素的含量测定。     

冬凌草二萜类成分的化学指纹图谱研究及评价

为了建立冬凌草(Rabdosia rubescens)二萜类成分的HPLC指纹图谱,并通过指纹图谱对来自不同产地和不同类型的冬凌草进行评价,本研究以10批太行山产冬凌草HPLC色谱图为参照,建立了冬凌草二萜类成分的指纹图谱,色谱条件为,色谱柱:phenomsil C18(250 ×4.6 mm,5 μm)柱;流动相:甲醇:0.5％磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱;柱温:30℃;检测波长:238 nm;流速:0.8 mL/min.通过化学成分指纹图谱相似度分析以及主成分分析方法,综合评价不同产地冬凌草样品质量的差异.结果表明冬凌草种质资源出现多种分化,不同地区冬凌草二萜类成分差异明显;不同变异类型冬凌草二萜类成分也发生了变化,但没有明显规律性.     

白屈菜药材HPLC指纹图谱研究

本文建立了白屈菜药材的HPLC指纹图谱。采用DiamonsilC 18柱 (迪马公司 )为分析柱 ,以乙腈 0 0 1MKH2 PO4 梯度洗脱为流动相 ;柱温 35℃ ;流速 1ml/min :检测波长 2 90nm。在上述条件下可以很好的分离白屈菜的各类成分 ,得到的色谱图可作为白屈菜药材专属性的指纹图谱。     

甘草药材HPLC指纹图谱研究

研究用高效液相色谱法建立甘草药材指纹图谱的分析方法。采用Symmrtry shield RP18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇和水为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1 mL/min,柱温25℃,检测波长254 nm。用上述方法确定了10批不同产地甘草药材的24个共有峰,建立了甘草药材指纹图谱的分析方法,该方法精密度、稳定性、重复性均较好,为甘草药材的质量控制标准提供了参考。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.