氯化铅对豌豆根尖细胞微核和异常分裂的作用（简报）

0．5－30mg.L^-1的氯化铅溶液对豌豆根尖生长无影响,但微核总数及微核率明显增高,并诱发产生染色体断片,粘连,滞后,染色体桥等异常分裂。诱导的比率与氯化铅溶液浓度和作用时间呈正相关。用40mg.L氯化铅处理的豌豆根尖生长发育受抑,微核率下降,据此认为废水排放标准中应增加遗传毒理学指标。     

悬浮培养中不同理化因子对烟草发状根生长及烟碱合成的影响

悬浮培养中烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)发状根的生长及烟碱合成受到基本培养基浓度、初始pH值、激素种类和浓度等因素的影响。一个5 cm长的根尖, 悬浮在40 mL、pH值为6.0、附加1.0 mg.L－1IAA的1/2 MS液体培养基中, 28 ℃、散光条件下培养30天, 烟碱产量可达0.241 mg.mL－1。     

悬浮培养中不同理化因子对烟草发状根生长及烟碱合成的影响

悬浮培养中烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)发状根的生长及烟碱合成受到基本培养基浓度、初始pH值、激素种类和浓度等因素的影响.一个5 cm长的根尖,悬浮在40 mL、pH值为6.0、附加1.0 mg·L-1IAA的1/2 MS液体培养基中,28℃、散光条件下培养30天,烟碱产量可达0.241 mg·mL-1.     

水稻幼苗根对羧基化多壁碳纳米管复合镉胁迫的生长生理响应

为了探究羧基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs-COOH)复合镉(Cd)胁迫对植物生长生理的影响,采用液体培养方法,以水稻(Oryza sativa L.)为受试作物,测定了0~12.0 mg·L^-1MWCNTs-COOH、10μmol·L-1Cd单一和复合处理水稻幼苗21天后根生长、氧化损伤、抗氧化酶活性及根中Cd含量的变化。结果表明:(1)MWCNTs-COOH单一处理,根长、根鲜重均低于对照,并表现出先升高后降低的趋势,当其浓度达到12.0 mg·L^-1时,较对照分别下降了9.3%和15.2%,且低于10μmol·L^-1Cd单一处理;而复合处理组水稻幼苗根长、根鲜重、干重皆低于对应的单一处理;(2)MWCNTs-COOH单一胁迫下,水稻根的超氧自由基(O2-·)明显积累,并伴随着超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性升高,3.0和6.0mg·L^-1MWCNTs-COOH处理下,SOD、POD活性最高;(3)MWCNTs-COOH复合Cd胁迫下,水稻根的SOD、POD活性大均低于单一处理组,而丙二醛(MDA)及羰基化蛋白含量均显著高于单一处理;(4)MWCNTs-COOH复合Cd后,水稻幼苗根尖细胞死亡加剧,其中,10μmol·L-1Cd与12.0 mg·L^-1MWCNTs-COOH复合处理的根尖根冠区细胞伊文斯蓝染色最深;(5)1.5~6.0 mg·L^-1MWCNTs-COOH复合Cd处理水稻幼苗后,其根中Cd含量呈上升趋势,且在6.0 mg·L^-1浓度处理时达到最大值303.30μg·g-1;高浓度MWCNTs-COOH及其与Cd的复合均对水稻根产生毒性效应。     

Cd胁迫下黄菖蒲幼苗根系生长与Cd积累的研究

采用水培法研究了Cd胁迫对黄菖蒲（Iris pseudacorus L．）幼苗根系生长和Cd含量的影响，用透射电镜观察了Cd胁迫对根尖细胞亚显微结构的影响并确定了Cd沉积部位。结果表明，10mg·L^-1 Cd处理对黄菖蒲幼苗根系的生长有一定促进作用，根毛数量及不定根上侧根的数量、密度和长度均高于对照；Cd浓度高于25mg·L^-1时，根系的生长发育受到抑制，上述指标均显著低于对照。用10～40mg·L^-1 Cd处理后，黄菖蒲幼苗不定根上侧根中的Cd含量均显著高于未长侧根的不定根和去掉侧根的不定根（P〈0．05），说明不定根上的侧根对Cd沉积有重要作用。100mg·L^-1 Cd处理能导致根尖细胞质浓缩、质壁分离和液泡变大，且大量Cd颗粒沉积在细胞壁上和细胞间隙中，表明细胞壁和细胞间隙对Cd的沉积作用可能是黄菖蒲幼苗耐Cd胁迫的重要机理之一。     

阳桃的组织培养与快速繁殖

以阳桃茎段为材料进行组培快繁。结果表明：阳桃离体培养的细胞分裂素以ZT的效果最好,其次是BA,KT最差;植物生长调节物质是NAA最好,其次是IBA、IAA;较适宜的植物生长调节物质配比为BA 0．5mg L^-1 NAA 0．2mg L^-1 GA 0．2mg L^-1,增殖系数高达3．7,而且畸苗率较低(23．3％)。生根培养基以1／2MS IBA 0．2mg L^-1 IAA 0．1mg L^-1效果好,生根率达87．1％,蔗糖浓度以2．0％一3．0％为宜。     

外源硫化氢对豌豆根尖及其边缘细胞的影响

为研究外源硫化氢（H2S）对豌豆（Pisum sativum）胚根生理特性及其边缘细胞的影响,测定了不同浓度外源H2S处理下豌豆根长、根尖组织可溶性蛋白质含量、抗氧化酶（APX、CAT、POD和SOD）活性、根尖边缘细胞存活率及其粘胶层相对面积的变化。结果表明：低浓度（0-40μmol·L-1）H2S可促进豌豆胚根生长,根尖组织可溶性蛋白质含量升高,SOD、APX和POD活性增加,CAT活性降低,根尖边缘细胞存活率上升,粘胶层相对面积变小。高浓度（60-80μmol·L-1）H2S可抑制豌豆胚根生长,可溶性蛋白质含量和边缘细胞存活率明显下降,APX和POD活性降低,CAT活性升高,SOD活性没有明显变化,粘胶层相对面积变大;边缘细胞染色体凝集并边缘化,然后逐渐降解并伴随粉末化,细胞质膜皱缩。因此,推测H2S可能在植物体内发挥着重要的生理作用。     

外源硫化氢对豌豆根尖及其边缘细胞的影响

为研究外源硫化氢(H2S)对豌豆(Pisum sativum)胚根生理特性及其边缘细胞的影响,测定了不同浓度外源H2S处理下豌豆根长、根尖组织可溶性蛋白质含量、抗氧化酶(APX、CAT、POD和SOD)活性、根尖边缘细胞存活率及其粘胶层相对面积的变化。结果表明:低浓度(0-40μmol·L-1)H2S可促进豌豆胚根生长,根尖组织可溶性蛋白质含量升高,SOD、APX和POD活性增加,CAT活性降低,根尖边缘细胞存活率上升,粘胶层相对面积变小。高浓度(60-80μmol·L-1)H2S可抑制豌豆胚根生长,可溶性蛋白质含量和边缘细胞存活率明显下降,APX和POD活性降低,CAT活性升高,SOD活性没有明显变化,粘胶层相对面积变大;边缘细胞染色体凝集并边缘化,然后逐渐降解并伴随粉末化,细胞质膜皱缩。因此,推测H2S可能在植物体内发挥着重要的生理作用。     

长期喷施ABA对云杉幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

采用单因素盆栽实验，通过叶面喷施5、10、15和20mg·L^-1 4个浓度的ABA溶液，研究了长期外源ABA处理对云杉（Piceaasperata）幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。5年的研究结果表明：长期不同浓度ABA处理显著影响了云杉幼苗的多种生长及生理生化指标。当ABA浓度为5、10和15mg·L^-1叫时有利于云杉幼苗根重、茎重和总生物量的积累，并且提高了叶片中可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸的含量，降低了MDA含量：20mg·L^-1 ABA处理使幼苗的叶重、总生物量、脯氨酸及可溶性糖含量显著下降，明显增加了叶片中MDA含量。此外，各浓度ABA处理均显著降低了云杉幼苗的株高、叶绿素含量以及SOD和APX活性。本研究结果显示，长期ABA处理对云杉幼苗生长和生理特性的影响与所喷施的ABA浓度有关，长期高浓度ABA（20mg·L^-1）处理不利于云杉幼苗生长。     

Cu2O纳米颗粒对小麦根系形态及遗传毒性的影响

为了阐明Cu₂O纳米颗粒(NPs)暴露对植物根系的毒性效应,本研究以小麦品种‘周麦18’为材料,采用水培试验方法,研究了10、50、100和200 mg·L^-1浓度的Cu₂O-NPs对小麦幼苗生长、根系活性、形态结构及细胞遗传学毒性的影响。结果表明: 不同浓度的Cu₂O-NPs降低了小麦幼苗的根芽长度、鲜重、根活性和根冠比,增加了初生根的数量;随着Cu₂O-NPs浓度的升高,幼苗根伸长区缩短、根系变硬变脆、根径增加、根冠变大;100 mg·L^-1浓度的Cu₂O-NPs处理下,小麦根尖有丝分裂指数显著降低,根尖细胞形状不规则化、质壁分离、细胞出现空泡化、细胞核核膜模糊、核内染色体异常。在水培条件下,Cu₂O-NPs对小麦幼苗具有一定的遗传学毒性效应,从而影响小麦幼苗的生长发育和根系形态结构。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.