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1.
基于线粒体Cytb、16S rDNA和核28S rDNA的部分序列的联合数据集,重建了中国斑腿蝗科9亚科26种蝗虫和癞蝗科笨蝗(外群)间的系统发育关系。结果显示:1)除黑蝗亚科、秃蝗亚科和切翅蝗亚科外,其余6亚科的单系性都得到支持;2)黑蝗亚科似乎应当与秃蝗亚科合并为一个亚科,且与其他几个亚科亲缘关系相对较远;3)凸额蝗属应该由切翅蝗亚科中独立出来;4)卵翅蝗亚科和稻蝗亚科是姐妹群;5)星翅蝗亚科、黑背蝗亚科、斑腿蝗亚科、刺胸蝗亚科及切翅蝗亚科中的凸额蝗属间的关系较近。  相似文献   

2.
研究测定了蝗总科25种蝗虫的线粒体Cyt b部分序列,并从GenBank中下载了19种蝗亚目昆虫的Cyt b基因相应序列片段。本文目的是要建立网翅蝗科的系统发育关系并说明网翅蝗科在蝗总科中的分类地位。以瘤锥蝗科的云南蝗Yunnanites coriacea和长额橄蝗Tagasta marginella作为外群,用MP法和贝叶斯法重建系统发生树。比对后的序列长度是384 bp,包括167个简约信息位点。A T平均含量为70.7%,C G 平均含量29.3%。分子系统树表明:网翅蝗科并不是一个单系群。网翅蝗亚科和竹蝗亚科并非单系群。现存的雏蝗属并非单系群,应该是多系群。分子系统学研究结果和传统的基于形态特征的网翅蝗科分类体系有很大的不同。  相似文献   

3.
在中国学者夏凯龄的分类系统中,剑角蝗科Acrididae一直被看作是单系群,包含6个亚科。但是,近年来的研究对其单系性争议较大。为探讨其单系性和剑角蝗属等6属的系统发育关系,我们测定了剑角蝗科14种蝗虫的16S rRNA基因部分序列,并从GenBank中下载了1种蝗虫的同源序列。以蚱科的2个种作外群,用NJ、MP及ML法重建系统发生树。由三棵分子系统树中得出的系统发生关系与中国的分类系统差别较大,都不支持剑角蝗科是单系群,但与国外Kevan的系统相一致,提示我们国内的分类系统亟待修改和完善。长腹蝗亚科与斑腿蝗科的亲缘关系要近于与剑角蝗科的其他种类的关系。另外,尽管所测的红足剑角蝗和上海剑角蝗的16S rDNA的片段序列完全相同,我们仍不能断定二者是同一个物种[动物学报52 (2) : 302 -308 , 2006]。  相似文献   

4.
基于18S rDNA的蝗总科分子系统发育关系研究及分类系统探讨   总被引:13,自引:2,他引:11  
刘殿锋  蒋国芳 《昆虫学报》2005,48(2):232-241
将自测的我国直翅目蝗总科7科7种和从GenBank中下载的17种直翅目昆虫的18S rDNA序列片段进行了同源性比较,用似然比检验的方法对序列比对结果进行了碱基替代模型的选择,以蚱总科的Paratettix cucullatus和蜢总科的Stiphra robusta作外群,用NJ、MP、ML和贝叶斯法构建了分子系统树。在获得的1 849 bp的序列中,有205个变异位点,74个简约信息位点; A、T、C和G的碱基平均含量分别为23.9%、24.3%、23.8%和28.0%,碱基组成基本上无偏异。分子系统树表明:所研究的内群聚为4支,锥头蝗科、瘤锥蝗科、斑腿蝗科、网翅蝗科、槌角蝗科和剑角蝗科都不是单系。建议将蝗总科分为4科,即锥头蝗科、大腹蝗科、癞蝗科和蝗科。  相似文献   

5.
通过对8科19属23种蝗虫精子超微形态结构的观察和比较,发现其精子有4种类型。这4种类型精子间的主要差异反映在中心粒侧体及线粒体衍生体的超微形态结构方面。经过比较和分析,确认8科中癞蝗科种类(除友谊华癞蝗外)的精子最原始,斑腿蝗科、斑翅蝗科、网翅蝗科、槌角蝗科、剑角蝗科(除中华蚱蜢外)种类的精子最进化。根据精子的演化类型建立了蝗总科精子系统,在这个系统里蝗总科8科昆虫在演化趋势上可分为3大类群  相似文献   

6.
蝗总科昆虫雌性下生殖板及系统发育关系研究(直翅目)   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
在对蝗总科103种蝗虫雌性下生殖板进行形态学研究的基础上,对蝗总科8个科以及斑腿蝗科的稻蝗属,伪稻蝗属,拟凹背蝗属,卵翅蝗属和剑角蝗科的卡蝗属,选择导卵器正面观形态等15个性状,以蚱总科为外群确定性状的极性和状态,用Henning86V1.5软件对它们的系统发育关系进行地序分类研究。结果支持刘举鹏在1991年依蝗卵结构所提出的蝗总科分类系统,同时结果也表明蝗属,伪稻蝗属,拟凹背蝗属,卵翅蝗属和卡蝗  相似文献   

7.
为了研究无齿稻蝗和黄翅踵蝗在蝗总科的系统发育地位,本研究采用基于长PCR的二次PCR方法对这两种蝗虫的线粒体基因组进行了测定和系统发育分析。结构显示:无齿稻蝗和黄翅踵蝗线粒体基因组全长分别是15 447 bp和15 598 bp,均含有典型的37个基因以及一个控制区,基因排序和数量与其他已知近缘昆虫相同;线粒体基因组A+T含量分别是75.4%、75.4%。两种蝗虫的蛋白质编码基因中均是除了COX1的起始密码子是ACC,其他都是典型的起始密码子ATN;所有蛋白质编码基因的终止密码子都是典型的TAA或TAG;两种蝗虫t RNA基因中,21个能形成三叶草结构,只有trn~(SAGN)缺少DHU臂;黄翅踵蝗控制区的N链出现一个tRNA-like的结构。由两个外群和24个蝗总科物种构建的系统树结果显示无齿稻蝗与小稻蝗为姐妹群,黄翅踵蝗与飞蝗属和车蝗属与小车蝗属组成的分支为姐妹群。  相似文献   

8.
应用16S rDNA序列探讨斑腿蝗科的单系性及其亚科的分类地位   总被引:13,自引:2,他引:11  
本文测定了斑腿蝗科10亚科20种蝗虫和其他蝗科3种蝗虫的线粒体16S rDNA部分序列,并从GenBank中下载了15种蝗亚目昆虫的16S rRNA基因相应序列片段。比对后的序列长度是397 bp,其中有196个变异位点,157个简约信息位点,A+T平均含量为71.7%,C+G平均含量为28.3%。以序列差异比值为横坐标,以碱基转换数和颠换数为纵坐标作散点图,结果表明颠换多于转换,且随着差异程度的增加,转换明显出现了饱和。以蚱总科的日本蚱Tetrix japonica和卡尖顶蚱Teredorus carmichaeli作外群,用ME、等权MP、加权MP及贝叶斯法重建系统发生树。分子系统树表明,斑腿蝗科并非是一单系群,该科的切翅蝗亚科与稻蝗亚科也均不是一单系群;卵翅蝗、伪稻蝗和稻蝗三者有很近的亲缘关系;支持将黑蝗亚科和秃蝗亚科合为一个亚科——秃蝗亚科;现行的稻蝗亚科并非一单系群,而是一多系群。分子系统学研究结果和传统的基于形态特征的斑腿蝗科的分类体系有很大的不同。  相似文献   

9.
蝗科高级阶元的分子系统发育(英文)   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
迄今,蝗科内各分类阶元之间的系统发生关系大部分是未知的。本文用来自中国24种蝗科昆虫的12SrDNA和16SrDNA2个基因的联合序列(共795bp)数据,以锥头蝗科的锥头蝗(Pyrgomorpha conica)为外群,重建了分子系统树。研究结果表明,在12SrDNA与16SrDNA组成的联合数据中,转换的替代速率明显比颠换的替代速率高得多,核酸的替代已经发生了饱和。分子系统树表明:斑翅蝗亚科是一单系群,该亚科是一个合法的亚科,但斑腿蝗亚科和蝗亚科都不是单系群;斑翅蝗亚科在蝗科内是一个相对原始的类群,而稻蝗亚科比斑翅蝗亚科相对进化,比蝗科的其他亚科的种类相对原始。  相似文献   

10.
蝗总科部分种类Cyt b基因序列及系统进化研究   总被引:41,自引:5,他引:36  
蝗总科8个科10个种的线粒体DNA细胞色素b(Cyt b)基因部分序列被测定分析,比较同源性,计算核苷酸使用频率并构建NJ分子系统树。在获得的432bp的序列中,A T约占70.4%,其中177个核苷酸位点存在变异(约占41.0%),DNA一级序列数据显示,该8科蝗虫间DNA序列变异丰富。用日本蚱作外群构建的NJ树表明:瘤锥蝗科较为原始,而癞蝗科与槌角蝗科关系较近,为比较进化的类群,蝗总科8科的起源关系为:瘤锥蝗科→班翅蝗科和锥头蝗科→斑腿蝗科→剑角蝗科→网翅蝗科→槌角蝗科和癞蝗科,上述研究结果与传统形态分类学结论不完全一致,并就此进行了讨论。  相似文献   

11.
J L Weber 《Gene》1987,52(1):103-109
The genome of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has an A + T content of about 82%, higher than any other organism whose DNA has been characterized. Computer analysis of 36 kb of available nucleotide sequences from this species showed that the coding regions, with an A + T content of 69.0%, are flanked by more A + T-rich regions of 86.0% A + T. Within the coding sequences, the A/T ratio was 1.68 in the mRNA sense strand, and overall A + T content in the three codon positions increased in the order 1st-2nd-3rd position. Codons with T or especially A in the third position were strongly preferred. Codon usage among individual parasite genes was very similar compared to genes from other species. Dinucleotide frequencies for the parasite DNA were close to those expected for a random sequence with the known base composition, except that the CpG frequency in the coding sequences was low.  相似文献   

12.
研究了露螽属4种昆虫线粒体细胞色素b基因(Cyt b)的部分序列,分析了核苷酸序列组成与变异及氨基酸差异.在得到的432bp序列中,A T约占66.9%,其中102个核苷酸位点发生了变异(约23.8%),从每个氨基酸密码子来看,第3位点的A T含量较高,为79.7%.Cyt b基因编码的144个氨基酸由19种氨基酸组成,有12个发生了变异,占氨基酸总数的8.33%,其中亮氨酸(Leu)与苯丙氨酸(Phe)的含量较高,谷氨酸(Glu)、赖氨酸(Lys)与精氨酸(Arg)的含量较低,无半胱氨酸(Cys).以日本纺织娘和中华螽斯为外群构建的NJ分子系统树显示,镰尾露螽与齿尾露螽是分化较晚的类群,其次是瘦露螽,黑角露螽是分化较早的类群.  相似文献   

13.
以线粒体COⅡ基因作为分子标记,对叶甲亚科4种昆虫进行序列测定,获得该基因585 bp的序列片段,并结合GenBank中的8种同源序列进行分析,结果表明:12种叶甲序列片段变异率为45.6%,碱基T、C、A、G的平均含量分别为37.5%、16.5%、35.3%和10.7%, A+T平均含量为72.8%,明显高于G+C含量(27.2%).密码子第3位点A+T含量高达86.7%.碱基替换主要发生在C←→T和A←→T之间,第3位点的替换频率显著高于前两个位点.以中华萝摩叶甲Chrysocus chinensis为外群构建的系统发育树显示,金叶甲属和角胫叶甲属关系较近,弗叶甲属和叶甲属关系较近,圆肩属形成一个单系,位于系统树的基部,它们之间的关系为(圆肩属+(弗叶甲属+叶甲属)+(金叶甲属+角胫叶甲属)).属内种间的关系反映出叶甲的食性专化现象与其在分类系统上的地位是密切相关的.  相似文献   

14.
The nucleotide sequences of a segment of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been determined for nine species or subspecies of the subgenus Drosophila of the genus Drosophila. This segment contains two complete protein-coding genes (i.e., NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 and cytochrome b) and a transfer RNA gene (tRNA(ser)). The G+C content at third-codon positions for the two protein-coding genes was 1.5 times higher than that in the D. melanogaster species group, which belongs to the subgenus Sophophora. However, there was a substantial difference between the nucleotide frequencies of G and C. The number of nucleotide substitutions per silent site was more than three times higher than that for nuclear DNA, although it was only 60% of that for mammalian mtDNA. Both parametric and nonparametric analyses revealed a strong transition-transversion bias in nucleotide substitution, as was observed in mammalian mtDNA. Moreover, the rate of substitution of A and T for G and C is higher than that for the opposite direction. This bias seems to be responsible for the extremely A+T-rich base composition of Drosophila mtDNA. It is also noted that the rate of transitional change between A and G is higher than that between T and C.  相似文献   

15.
We calculated correlations of the nucleotide distributions along the E. coli genome. Subsequent cluster analysis of the correlation distributions showed that the genome was composed of two qualitatively different types of nucleotide sequences. The first type exhibited strong correlations of the genomic distributions of A with T and G with C, and high anticorrelations of A with C and G with T. In contrast, the second type was characterized by weak or negligible correlations typical of randomized sequences. Both types of sequences were almost equally abundant in the E. coli genome and their length varied from several hundred nucleotides to about 70 kilobases. They were not disjunct with respect to their (G + C) content but the high correlations and anticorrelations were rather characteristic for (A + T)-rich genomic segments. We offer possible explanations of the mosaic structure of the E. coli genome.  相似文献   

16.
蟋蟀科5属9个种的线粒体16S rRNA基因部分序列被测定或从Gen Bank获得,比较其同源性,计算核苷酸使用频率,并构建NJ和MP分子系统树。在获得的449bp的序列中A、T、C和G碱基含量分别为31.8%、36.9%、9.9%和21.4%,A T平均含量为68.7%。研究结果表明:所研究的5属9种蟋蟀聚成3个聚类簇,斗蟋属先与灶蟋属汇合,再与棺头蟋属构成聚类簇Ⅰ;油葫芦属黑脸油葫芦和北京油葫芦与蟋蟀属的家蟋相聚构成聚类簇Ⅱ;蟋蟀属的田蟋单独构成聚类簇Ⅲ。  相似文献   

17.
The gene for L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (EC 1.1.1.27) of Thermus caldophilus GK24 was cloned in Escherichia coli using synthetic oligonucleotides as hybridization probes. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned DNA was determined. The primary structure of the LDH was deduced from the nucleotide sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence agreed with the NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal sequences previously reported and the determined amino acid sequences of the peptides obtained from trypsin-digested T. caldophilus LDH. The LDH comprised 310 amino acid residues and its molecular mass was determined to be 32,808. On alignment of the whole amino acid sequences, the T. caldophilus LDH showed about 40% identity with the Bacillus stearothermophilus, Lactobacillus casei and dogfish muscle LDHs. The T. caldophilus LDH gene was expressed with the E. coli lac promoter in E. coli, which resulted in the production of the thermophilic LDH. The gene for the T. caldophilus LDH showed more than 40% identity with those for the human and mouse muscle LDHs on alignment of the whole nucleotide sequences. The G + C content of the coding region for the T. caldophilus LDH was 74.1%, which was higher than that of the chromosomal DNA (67.2%). The G + C contents in the first, second and third positions of the codons used were 77.7%, 48.1% and 95.5% respectively. The high G + C content in the third base caused extremely non-random codon usage in the LDH gene. About half (48.7%) the codons in the LDH gene started with G, and hence there were relatively high contents of Val, Ala, Glu and Gly in the LDH. The contents of Pro, Arg, Ala and Gly, which have high G + C contents in their codons, were also high. Rare codons with U or A as the third base were sometimes used to avoid the TCGA sequence, the recognition site for the restriction endonuclease, TaqI. Two TCGA sequences were found only in the sequence of CTCGAG (XhoI site) in the sequenced region of the T. caldophilus DNA. There were three segments with similar sequences in the two 5' non-coding regions, probably the promoter and ribosome-binding regions, of the genes for the T. caldophilus LDH and the Thermus thermophilus 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract Degenerate PCR primers were used to amplify a conserved gene portion coding chitin synthase from genomic DNA of six species of ectomycorrhizal truffles. DNA was extracted from both hypogeous fruitbodies and in vitro growing mycelium of Tuber borchii . A single fragment of about 600 bp was amplified for each species. The amplification products from Tuber magnatum, T. borchii and T. ferrugineum were cloned and sequenced, revealing a high degree of identity (91.5%) at the nucleotide level. On the basis of the deduced amino acid sequences these clones were assigned to class II chitin synthase. Southern blot experiments performed on genomic DNA showed that the amplification products derive from a single copy gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of class II chitin synthase genes confirmed the current taxonomic position of the genus Tuber , and suggested a close relationship between T. magnatum and T. uncinatum .  相似文献   

19.
为了探讨海南文昌种蟒养殖基地的种蟒的遗传多样性和个体来源,本研究对27条种蟒的细胞色素b基因的全序列进行了测定和分析。结果表明:缅甸蟒cytb基因全长1 111 bp,序列中A+T含量为58.0%,G+C含量为42.0%,单倍型多样性(Hd)为(0.755±0.053),核苷酸多样性(Pi)为(0.003 29±0.000 43),表明该种群遗传多样性较高。共检测出6条单倍型,单倍型间遗传距离最大为0.007,最小为0.001;与已知地理来源的个体构建系统发育树显示,该养殖种群来源两个母系世系。本研究结果为制定缅甸蟒合理圈养计划和科学放归提供理论基础。  相似文献   

20.
山稻蝗及相关物种Cyt b基因序列及其遗传关系   总被引:29,自引:1,他引:28  
中国7个不同地理区域的山稻蝗Oxya agavisa共16个个体的线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因中间部分序列被测定,分析和比较,同时与小稻蝗O.inricata,日本稻蝗O.japonica和中华稻蝗O.chinensis相应序列进行比较,用瘤锥蝗科的曲尾似橄蝗Pseudomorphacris hollisi和蚱科的日本蚱Tetrix japonica作外群,构建了山稻蝗不同单倍型及其相关物种的NJ分子系统树。在获得的山稻蝗432bp的序列中,A+T约占71.0%,其中9个核苷酸位点存在变异(约占所测核苷酸的2.08%),但权有1个位点引起了氨基酸的变异,就每个氨基酸密码子来看,第三位点的A+T含量较,达88.3%。分子系统树显示,山稻蝗6个单倍型聚为一个簇,彼此之间有一定的分歧,其分枝与地理分布没有直接的关系;该种与日本稻蝗关系较近,与中华稻蝗和小稻蝗相对较远。并对此进行了讨论。  相似文献   

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