灰钝额斑螟的生物学特性

灰钝额斑螟Bazaria turensis Ragonot是柴达木盆地白刺(Nitraria sp.)灌丛的主要害虫,为了有效控制该害虫对白刺的危害,采用室内饲养和田间定点观察,对灰钝额斑螟进行了生物学特性观察。结果表明灰钝额斑螟在柴达木盆地1年发生1代,有卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫4种虫态,通过头壳宽确定了幼虫为5个虫龄,以滞育蛹越冬。翌年5月中旬开始羽化,5月下旬为羽化高峰期,6月中旬孵化,6月下旬为孵化盛期,8月上旬开始结茧化蛹,8月中旬结茧化蛹高峰期,随后蛹进入滞育越冬。6月下旬初龄幼虫发生盛期是该害虫防治的最佳时期。     

柴达木盆地西伯利亚白刺和唐古特白刺的氨基酸含量及其营养评价

对柴达木盆地的西伯利亚白刺和唐古特白刺不同部位中氨基酸含量作了分析比较 ,并进行了营养评价。白刺中富含蛋白质 ,含有 18种氨基酸 ,其中有人体必需的 8种氨基酸 ,白刺果汁中的必需氨基酸含量远高于沙棘果汁。两种白刺的蛋白质和各氨基酸在各部位中含量分布相似 ,但因种的差异 ,第一限制性氨基酸稍有差别。     

柴达木盆地唐古特白刺果实降血脂和抗氧化作用研究

为了研究柴达木盆地唐古特白刺果实的降血脂、抗氧化作用,本文采用高脂饲料诱导小鼠和大鼠建立高脂动物模型,灌胃给药4周,测定各组实验动物的血清血脂水平,并测定大鼠红细胞SOD活性和血清脂质过氧化物(LPO)分解产物丙二醛(MDA)的含量变化。结果显示唐古特白刺果实1．8g／kg和3．6g／kg剂量对高脂饲料诱导的小鼠和大鼠血清TC、TG及大鼠的LDL具有显著的抑制作用;同时可显著升高高血脂大鼠HDL／TC和HDL／LDL的比值,提高高血脂大鼠SOD活力和降低高血脂大鼠MDA含量;对大鼠体重和正常小鼠血脂水平无明显影响。表明唐古特白刺果实具有降血脂、防治动脉粥样硬化和抗氧化作用。     

柴达木盆地唐古特白刺果实调节免疫、抗疲劳和耐寒冷作用研究

采用环磷酰胺所致的免疫功能低下的模型小鼠试验柴达木盆地唐古特白刺果实的免疫调节作用,并进行了抗疲劳和耐寒冷试验。结果显示：唐古特白刺果实3．6g/kg灌胃剂量能显著增强模型小鼠单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能、迟发性超敏反应;1．8g/kg和3．6/kg灌胃剂量能显著提高模型小鼠血清溶血素生成能力;3．6g/kgg灌胃剂量可显著减轻环磷酰胺对小鼠胸腺DNA含量的抑制作用;3．6g/kg灌胃剂量能显著延长小鼠的游泳时间和爬杆时间,并能提高小鼠在低温的存活时间。实验表明唐古特白刺果实具有调节免疫、抗疲劳和耐寒冷作用。     

沙漠-河岸过渡带不同发育类型唐古特白刺沙堆和植株相关指标的比较及关系分析

以鄂尔多斯高原北缘的沙漠-河岸过渡带唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.)沙堆为研究对象,采用标准株估算法对不同发育类型(包括发育型、成熟型和衰退型)唐古特白刺沙堆的形态特征(包括高度、半径、表面积、体积和土壤干质量)、唐古特白刺单株干质量(包括单株地上部和地下部的干质量及单株总干质量)和土壤碳储量进行了计算和比较,并对这些指标间的关系进行了分析。结果表明:成熟型沙堆的形态特征、唐古特白刺单株干质量和土壤碳储量均显著(P0.05)高于发育型沙堆和衰退型沙堆;并且,除唐古特白刺单株地上部干质量外,发育型沙堆的上述指标均低于衰退型沙堆。据估算,样地内唐古特白刺植株的总碳储量为429.123 kg,土壤总碳储量为445.415 kg,且后者为前者的1.038倍。拟合曲线分析结果表明:唐古特白刺的单株干质量与沙堆各形态特征呈正相关,且与沙堆体积的相关性最高;土壤碳储量与沙堆各形态特征也呈正相关,且与沙堆体积和土壤干质量的相关性最高;成熟型沙堆中唐古特白刺单株干质量与土壤碳储量的相关性高于发育型沙堆和衰退型沙堆,且不同发育类型沙堆中唐古特白刺单株地下部干质量与土壤碳储量的相关性高于唐古特白刺单株地上部干质量和单株总干质量与土壤碳储量的相关性。研究结果显示:沙漠-河岸过渡带的唐古特白刺沙堆能够固定大量的碳,其中,成熟型沙堆的固碳能力最强;并且,唐古特白刺根系对土壤中碳的固定具有重要作用。     

唐古特白刺黄酮类物质及其药用研究进展CSCD

唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.)是一种具有药用、食用和饲用价值的荒漠植物,主要分布于我国西北干旱半干旱地区。白刺被誉为沙漠樱桃,含有多种营养物质,还富含黄酮、生物碱等多种药用成分,因此人们对其药用成分、含量、功效及药理展开了一系列研究。本文对现有唐古特白刺黄酮类物质相关的研究进行了调研,首先对唐古特白刺中已分离出的黄酮类物质进行分类,其次对唐古特白刺主要组织中总黄酮含量进行整理和分析,另外对唐古特白刺中各种黄酮化合物的含量进行分析,最后对唐古特白刺中总黄酮、各类黄酮、黄酮单体化合物的药效及药理进行综述。通过对上述内容的整理和分析,总结出白刺黄酮类物质药用研究中存在的一系列问题,并基于此提出解决现有问题的思路并对未来白刺黄酮药用研究提出建议,以期为唐古特白刺植物黄酮类物质药用研究和开发提供理论参考,推动中医药行业的发展。     

内蒙古2种白刺间自然杂交类型的分子验证

本实验对齿叶白刺(Nitraria roborowiskii Kom.)和唐古特白刺(N.tangutorum Bobr.)以及疑似杂交个体共48个个体的叶绿体trnL-F序列和核糖体ITS序列进行分析.trnL-F结果显示,齿叶白刺和唐古特白刺在15个位点上存在差异,杂交个体在其中11个位点上与齿叶白刺相同,4个位点...     

盐胁迫下唐古特白刺对外源Ca2＋的生理响应

为探讨Ca2＋与盐生植物耐盐性的关系,以唐古特白刺（Nitrariatangutorum）为试验材料,研究不同浓度外源C矛’对盐胁迫下唐古特白刺的生理响应,结果表明,盐浓度不高于300mmol·L-1时,施加一定浓度Ca2＋（≤15mmol·L-1）可增加唐古特白刺叶片相对含水量,提高叶片水势与根系活力,降低电解质外渗率,减少MDA含量,增加脯氨酸的积累,同时提高SOD和POD活性,且这种趋势随Ca2＋浓度的增加而增加。而高浓度Ca2＋（〉15mmol·L-1）对唐古特白刺各生理指标均表现出不同程度的抑制作用,影响唐古特白刺的正常代谢活动。说明一定浓度的Ca2＋（≤15mmol·L-1）能有效缓解盐胁迫（NaCI≤300mmol·L-1）对唐古特白刺造成的伤害,高盐胁迫下外施Ca2＋缓解作用不明显,甚至表现为抑制作用。     

盐胁迫下唐古特白刺对外源Ca2+的生理响应

为探讨Ca2+与盐生植物耐盐性的关系,以唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)为试验材料,研究不同浓度外源Ca2+对盐胁迫下唐古特白刺的生理响应,结果表明,盐浓度不高于300 mmol·L-1时,施加定浓度Ca2+(≤15 mmol·L-1)可增加唐古特白刺叶片相对含水量,提高叶片水势与根系活力,降低电解质外渗率,减少MDA含量,增加脯氨酸的积累,同时提高SOD和POD活性,且这种趋势随Ca2+浓度的增加而增加。而高浓度Ca2+(>15 mmol·L-1)对唐古特白刺各生理指标均表现出不同程度的抑制作用,影响唐古特白刺的正常代谢活动。说明定浓度的Ca2+(≤15 mmol·L-1)能有效缓解盐胁迫(NaCl≤300mmol·L-1)对唐古特白刺造成的伤害,高盐胁迫下外施Ca2+缓解作用不明显,甚至表现为抑制作用。     

唐古特白刺果实化学成分和功效作用研究进展

唐古特白刺是中国特有的白刺属植物,民间用于治疗脾胃虚弱、消化不良、神经衰弱、感冒等症。本文综述了唐古特白刺果实化学成分和功效作用方面的研究进展。     

New material ofChalicotherium from the Tsaidam Basin in the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China

New material of a chalicothere was recently found from Tsaidam Basin, the only late Tertiary locality within the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau established byBirger Bohlin during the Sino-Swedish Expeditions in 1927–33. A partial lower jaw with two molars helps to identify it asChalicotherium cf.C. brevirostris (Colbert), a species found in Chinese Tunggurian age (middle Miocene). Occurrence ofChalicotherium in the Tsaidam Basin indicates the presence of a wooded environment along freshwater streams, a condition much milder than the desert environment at the present time. The Tsaidam fauna thus provides a reference point in the current debate on the timing of environmental deterioration during the uplift of Tibetan Plateau.

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中国西北地区种子植物区系相似性的定量研究

以中国西北部的阿尔泰山（哈纳斯自然保护区）、准噶尔盆地、天山、塔里木盆地、阿尔金山、阿拉善、阿西、柴达木盆地及阿里等９个地区作为植物区系定量分析的单位。在对以上地区种子植物种数建立模糊矩阵的基础上,分别应用Ｐ Ｊａｃｃａｒｄ系数、Ｐ Ｆ Ｒｕｓｓｅｌｌ与Ｔ．Ｒ．Ｒａｏ系数及Ｒ Ｒ Ｓｏｋａｌ和Ｃ Ｄ Ｍｉｃｈｅｎｅｒ系数建立模糊相似矩阵Ｒ,再分别对这三个矩阵Ｒ建立模糊等价矩阵Ｒ＾＊,最后作归类处理     

柴达木盆地西部红柳泉地区晚侏罗世介形类动物群及其古环境意义

在柴达木盆地红柳泉地区红探2井红水沟组中识别出介形类化石3属9种(含2个未定种):Cetacella qaidamensis Li et Yang, 1983、Djungarica tracta Li et Yang, 1983、Djungarica sp.、Alicenula incurva (Bate, 1967)、?A.longicylindrica (Qi, 1985)、A. paramagna (Li et Yang, 1983)、A. maanshanensis (Hou et al., 2002)、A. jinhuaensis (Li,1984)、Alicenula sp.。通过介形类化石生物地层对比,明确红水沟组的沉积时代为晚侏罗世。红水沟组介形类动物群指示晚侏罗世柴达木地区发育淡水湖泊、河流以及季节性的小水塘。     

河西走廊地区植物的区系特征

河西走廊位于甘肃省西部, 属于典型的内陆干旱区, 为温带荒漠气候。对河西种子植物区系的组成、特点及性质进行了分析, 并比较了它与邻近地区植物区系的关系, 主要结论如下:1.种类贫乏, 本区共有种子植物52 科, 166 属, 326 种。属种比值高达50.92%。区系具有明显的优势现象, 仅5 个科就包含了全区植物百分之五十以上的属和种;2.区系中温带成分占绝对优势地位, 古地中海成分也是重要的组成部分;3.本区系的植物在生活型方面以多年生灌木、草本为主。植物区系具有明显的荒漠植物区系特征。4.河西植物区系成分较古老;5.河西地区、塔里木盆地、柴达木盆地、阿拉善地区无论是区系组成或发生方式都非常接近, 共同组成中国西北荒漠植物区系。     

New materials of Chalicotherium brevirostris (Perissodactyla,Chalicotheriidae) from the Tunggur Formation,Inner Mongolia

Chalicotherium brevirostris was named by Colbert based on a skull lacking mandibles from the late Middle Miocene Tunggur Formation, Tunggur, Inner Mongolia, China. Here we describe new mandibular materials collected from the same area. In contrast to previous expectations, the new mandibular materials show a long snout, long diastema, a three lower incisors and a canine. C. brevirostris shows some sexual dimorphism and intraspecific variation in morphologic characters. The new materials differ from previously described C. cf. brevirostris from Cixian County (Hebei Province) and the Tsaidam Basin, which may represent a different, new species close to C. brevirostris. The diagnosis of C. brevirostris is revised.     

Observations on the formation of Chinese desert floras

1. Based upon the analyses in the floristic elements of the three genera (Suaeda, Salsola and Zygophyllum) in different regions we can see that the genesis of our desert floras in these regions is very much diversified. The flora of Songaria is similar to that of the Middle Asia, while the Hosi Corridor seems to be a transitional area very close to Alashan and also related to the Tarim Basin in floristic elements. Thus, we may classify the desert floras into three parts: the flora of Songaria, of Alashan including the Hosi Corridor and of the Tarim Basin including the Tsaidam Basin. The ages and approaches in their formation are different. 2. There are plenty species but no or rare endemics in Songaria. In spring there are a number of ephemeral plants. The variation of aspect is evident. The vegetation cover is abundant. The floristic elements are developed from the flora of Middle Asia and it was formed in Quaternary period. 3. The floristic elements of the Tarim Basin are poor, but there are not few endemics and the distribution of the endemics is much limited. They are of the characteristics of relic species. Therefore it was formed in the Tertiary period and developed in Quaternary period. The elements are related to the Mediterranean flora. 4. There are a large number of endemics and many endemic monotypie genera in Alashan. They represent the flora formed in Tertiary period. Although it is of a special style, it relates both to the Middle-Asian and the Mediterranean flora. 5. The historic causes for the formation of the different floras lie chiefly on: (1) The rise of the Tibetan plateau and mountains strongly changed the climatic and edaphic conditions and in the long course of evolution some species survived or even developed, while the others deteriorated or even died out from the flora. (2) Because the circumstances of transgression or regression of the Tethys were different in these regions. (3) The mountain-making movement, the transgression and regression and the fluence of glaciation, all the mutation of these associated factors modified the climatic zonation and then the plant species changes followed, new species formed and migration of floristie elements occurred. (4) Songaria is the nearest region to the then Sibirian glacier, so the frozen injury to the flora might be the greatest. (5) In the Glacial period the descension of snow line in Songaria was greater than that of the Tarim Basin, so the frozen injurymight be greater.     

The growing abundance of Helicoverpa armigera in Hungary and its areal shift estimation

The invasive Cotton Bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hübner, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has become a serious pest of several agricultural plants since its first mass occurrence in Hungary (1993). During the decades of the species’ presence in the Carpathian Basin, a remarkable fluctuation was detected in its abundance and flight phenology. We analysed long term light trap records and meteorological data to identify the possible factors behind these fluctuations. This study presents an overview of the areal dispersion and the rate of accumulation and flight phenology of this invasive pest, from its first Hungarian mass occurrence until the present, focusing on the influence of climatic factors on the Hungarian distribution of H. armigera. According to our estimation, this pest occupied 94% of the area of Hungary within eight years. There were significant differences in pest pressure by regions, corroborated by the average number of trapped specimens and the regression coefficients. Fluctuations of specimen numbers in the different years are clearly visible in the flight phenology diagrams, which depend on the rate of the growing abundance. The results indicate that abiotic elements may also play a significant role in the areal dispersion of this important invasive insect.     

Are the palms Washingtonia filifera and Chamaerops humilis suitable hosts for the red palm weevil,Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Col. Curculionidae)?

The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), is a widely distributed pest which has recently become the major pest of palms in the Mediterranean Basin. This weevil has been recorded on 19 different palm species, however, the host status of Washingtonia filifera and Chamaerops humilis remains unclear. The present study was carried out to check whether these species had either antixenotic or antibiotic mechanisms of resistance against this pest. Our results show that both W. filifera and C. humilis are resistant to R. ferrugineus. Resistance in W. filifera is based on antibiosis whereas in C. humilis resistance is based on antixenosis.