Hsp72对类风湿关节炎滑膜细胞IL-6、IL-8表达及NFκ-B活化的影响

目的:探讨热休克蛋白(Hsp)72对类风湿关节炎患者滑膜细胞IL-6、IL-8表达的影响,从NFκ-B信号通路活化的角度阐明其作用机制。方法:原代培养类风湿关节炎患者的滑膜细胞;采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测细胞培养上清中IL-6和IL-8的含量;采用Western blot检测滑膜细胞NFκ-B和ΙκBα蛋白的表达变化;采用免疫荧光技术检测NFκ-B核移位的变化。结果:Hsp72抑制TNFα-所诱导的IL-6和IL-8的生成;Hsp72抑制TNFα-所诱导NFκ-B在核内的表达和移位;Hsp72抑制TNFα-所诱导ΙκBα蛋白降解。结论:Hsp72可能通过抑制滑膜细胞IL-6、IL-8表达及抑制NF-κB信号通路活化而对类风湿关节炎发挥抗炎作用。     

川芎嗪对平滑肌细胞NF-κB激活、骨形成蛋白-2表达的影响

目的　观察川芎嗪对血管平滑肌细胞核转录因子 kappaB (NuclearFactor kappaB ,NF κB)的激活与骨形成蛋白 - 2 (bonemorphogenicprotein 2 ,BMP 2 )表达的影响。方法　贴块法培养血管平滑肌细胞 ,分为正常对照组 ,血管紧张素Ⅱ (AngiotensinⅡ ,AgⅡ )刺激组和川芎干预组。各取 15、 30、 6 0min测NF κB激活情况 ,6、 12、 2 4h测BMP 2表达变化。采用免疫组化及原位杂交法测蛋白表达和mRNA转录水平。结果　 (1)AgⅡ刺激 15min即有NF κBp6 5核转移 ,30min达高峰 (P <0 0 1) ,1h后减退。川芎干预组NF κB激活与正常组无差异。 (2 )AgⅡ刺激 6hBMP 2表达增强 (P <0 0 5 ) ,12h减弱 (P <0 0 1) ,2 4h更弱。川芎干预组 6hBMP 2表达亦增强 ,12h与 2 4h保持正常水平。结论　川芎嗪抑制AgⅡ诱导的NF κB激活与BMP 2表达降低 ,表明它在抗动脉粥样硬化方面意义重大。     

A20基因转导抑制异种移植中猪内皮细胞的活化

延缓性排斥反应 (DXR)是进行异种器官移植亟待解决的问题之一 .在DXR过程中 ,核心事件是异种移植物血管内皮细胞的活化 .核转录因子 (NF κB)在这一过程中起着重要的作用 .A2 0是一个具有锌指结构的蛋白 ,它可以抑制以NF κB为核心的信号转导系统 .向猪血管内皮细胞(PAEC)中导入A2 0基因 ,经RT PCR检测 ,A2 0基因能在细胞中稳定表达 .细胞生长曲线分析表明 ,A2 0的基因转导并不影响细胞的正常生长 ;电泳迁移率变动分析 (EMSA)表明 ,A2 0基因能抑制由肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)诱导的NF κB的激活 ;流式细胞术分析表明 ,A2 0基因对受NF κB调控的一个重要炎症因子———E选择素的表达抑制率达 77 2 % .A2 0基因转导可能成为克服异种移植过程中DXR的手段之一 .     

p38MAPK介导的胶质细胞iNOS的转录激活机制

丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(MAPK)酶级联反应系统参与胶质细胞中iNOS的合成.通过瞬时转染p38MAPK途径中上游激酶,MAPK激酶3(MKK3)和MAPK激酶6 (MKK6 )表达质粒,进一步了解p38MAPK级联传导信号系统调节iNOS基因在胶质细胞中的转录激活机制.MKK3或MKK6表达质粒与接有荧光素酶(luciferase ,Luc)的大鼠iNOS启动基因质粒(iNOS Luc)联合转染C6星形胶质细胞株引起iNOS Luc的激活,并且使细胞因子诱导的iNOSmRNA的表达增强.这两种效应都能够被p38MAPK抑制剂SB2 0 35 80所抑制.MKK3 6也可以诱导核因子κB(NFκB Luc)依赖的转录活性.这些分子水平的研究结果为p38MAPK信号级联传导途径在调节大鼠胶质细胞中iNOS基因转录激活中的重要作用,包括转录因子NFκB的作用提供了证据.通过阻断iNOS表达或NO的生成,抑制细胞炎症发生,为防治神经细胞炎症反应性疾病提供实验依据.     

GCG干预LMP1激活的NF-κB信号转导通路中的靶分子

为阐明在鼻咽癌 (nasopharyngealcarcinoma,NPC)细胞中茶多酚干预EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白 1(latentmembraneprotein 1,LMP1)激活的NF κB信号转导通路中的靶分子 ,采用EBV阴性及阳性的鼻咽癌细胞系CNE1和CNE1 LMP1细胞 ,利用噻唑蓝 (MTT)法 ,观察表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯 (EGCG)对CNE1和CNE1 LMP1细胞生存率的影响 .采用瞬间转染及报道基因法观察EGCG对NF κB活性的作用 .利用间接免疫荧光法 ,观察EGCG对NF κB (p6 5 )核移位的影响 ,再分别提取CNE1和CNE1 LMP1的胞浆及胞核蛋白 ,通过蛋白质印迹分析EGCG抑制NF κB (p6 5 )的核移位后胞浆及胞核蛋白中NF κB (p6 5 )的变化 .采用蛋白质印迹分析EGCG对IκBα的磷酸化水平的影响 .采用瞬间转染及报道基因法观察EGCG对EGFR启动子活性的影响 ,并用蛋白质印迹分析EGCG对EGFR自身磷酸化的作用 .结果表明EGCG对鼻咽癌细胞的抑制作用有剂量依赖性 ,并可抑制NF κB的活性 .EGCG能抑制NF κB (p6 5 )的核移位 ,并抑制IκBα的磷酸化 .EGCG对NF κB信号通路下游的靶基因EGFR的启动子活性及自身磷酸化都有抑制作用 .由上述结果可以推断 ,EGCG对信号转导通路上的NF κB、NF κB (p6 5 )、IκBα、EGFR多个靶点分子具有干预作用 .LMP1是EB病毒编码的蛋白质 ,因此 ,EGCG抑制     

PDCD5在类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞凋亡中表达上调

为了研究程序化细胞死亡因子5(PDCD5)在类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞凋亡中的作用,在不同的时间加入有效剂量100 nmol/L雷公藤内醇酯（triptolide）后，采用实时定量PCR、RT-PCR、Western 印迹和直接免疫荧光染色方法检测体外分离培养的类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞中PDCD5在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达及蛋白表达特征.在雷公藤内醇酯诱导类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞凋亡的过程中，PDCD5mRNA表达水平明显地渐次增加，呈现一种明确的时间依赖性递增表达模式，而PDCD5蛋白有时间依赖性表达上调持续16 h,并维持在相对恒定水平.直接免疫荧光染色结果显示,在正常体外培养的类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞中，PDCD5蛋白的表达较弱,且主要分布在细胞浆.经雷公藤内醇酯处理4 h后，大多数细胞有PDCD5蛋白的聚集，直至12 h，细胞核周围PDCD5蛋白聚集显著增强.36 h后，PDCD5蛋白以核固缩的形式存在于凋亡的RA FLS中，细胞核染色质明显浓缩，片段化并出现了凋亡小体.上述结果表明,在类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞凋亡的过程中，PDCD5表达上调并在凋亡早期出现核转位，PDCD5蛋白核转位要早于凋亡小体形成.PDCD5蛋白核转位是类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞凋亡的早期事件，PDCD5不仅参与了类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞的凋亡过程，而且在类风湿关节炎滑膜增生的凋亡调节中起到重要调节作用.     

腺苷对缺氧/复氧心肌细胞的保护作用

本研究旨在探讨腺苷 (adenosine ,ADO)对缺氧 /复氧 (hypoxia/reoxygenation ,H/R)心肌细胞的保护作用及其分子机制。将原代培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞分成H/R对照组和ADO (1 0 μmol/L)保护组。用倒置相差显微镜观察心肌细胞的生长状态。检测两组培养基质乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)活性和心肌细胞Ca2 + 和丙二醛 (MDA)浓度。用ELISA法检测肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF α)的表达 ,并用凝胶电泳迁移率改变法 (EMSA)测定核因子 (NF κB)结合活性。所得结果如下 :(1)心肌细胞H/R培养后皱缩、变圆 ,伪足减少 ,ADO组心肌细胞的形态变化小于对照组 ;(2 )ADO减少缺氧和复氧期间心肌细胞LDH的漏出 (bothP <0 0 1) ;(3 )ADO降低缺氧和复氧期间心肌细胞内的Ca2 +浓度 (bothP <0 0 1) ;(4)ADO降低缺氧和复氧期间心肌细胞MDA浓度 (bothP <0 0 1) ;(5 )ADO抑制缺氧和复氧期间TNF α的表达 (bothP <0 0 1) ;(6)ADO抑制缺氧和复氧期间心肌细胞NF κB结合活性 (bothP <0 0 1)。以上结果提示 :(1)外源性ADO可减轻心肌细胞的H/R损伤 ;(2 )外源性ADO抑制H/R期间心肌细胞TNF α的表达 ;(3 )外源性ADO可能通过抑制心肌细胞NF κB结合活性下调TNF α的表达     

幽门螺旋杆菌感染的慢性胃炎胃窦粘膜内NF-κB和TGF-α表达及其意义

目的　探讨幽门螺旋杆菌 (Hp)与慢性胃炎患者胃窦粘膜内NF κB和TGF α表达之间的关系。方法　用免疫细胞化学方法 ,检测Hp+ 和Hp-胃炎患者及正常人的胃窦部活检标本。结果　NF κB和TGF α在正常组胃粘膜内弱表达。在胃炎病人 ,NF κB和TGF α表达增强。特别是在Hp+ 组 ,NF κB和TGF α呈高表达 ,与Hp-组和正常组比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1)。此外在G细胞和部分腺上皮的细胞核内也呈高表达。TGF α常以颗粒状的特征位于腺上皮细胞核上区而且高表达。结论　NF κB和TGF α的表达在胃炎组增强 ,而且Hp+ 组远高于其他两组。NF κB和TGF α二者的表达平行且成呈正相关。     

NF-κB结合位点在LPS诱导人TNF-α基因转录中的调节作用

为探讨人TNF α基因启动子区域NF κB结合位点对LPS诱导性基因表达的调节作用 ,将构建的含人TNF α基因启动子区域及其不同缺失片段的pGL2萤光素酶报道基因重组体 ,体外转染HL 60细胞 ,观察LPS刺激对TNF基因启动子指导萤光素酶表达的影响 .发现TNF α基因启动子区域的 3个NF κB结合位点的存在是该基因最大组成性表达和LPS诱导性表达所必需 ;将这 3个位点缺失可完全阻断报道基因的LPS诱导性表达 ,并使其组成性表达明显受到抑制 (P <0 .0 0 1) .缺失κB1和κB2位点 ,使基因组成性表达与LPS诱导性表达均减少约 50 % (P <0 .0 1) ,但诱导倍数则与非突变体相近 ;反之 ,用κB3反义寡核苷酸封闭κB3位点 ,保留κB1和κB2功能 ,使LPS诱导性基因表达抑制 70 % (P <0 .0 0 1) ,诱导倍数明显降低 .保留原有κB3位点 ,再将κB3位点取代κB1和κB2位点 ,可使基因组成性和诱导性表达几乎完全恢复 ;将κB3位点向TSS移近 (- 98→ - 52 ) ,取代Sp1位点 ,虽然κB1和κB2位点仍然缺失 ,但仅一个κB3位点即可使基因组成性和LPS诱导性表达恢复到 80 % .用反义寡核苷酸封闭这个κB3位点 ,不但可使TNF α启动子完全丧失对LPS的反应性 ,还可完全阻断所控基因的组成性表达 .结果表明 ,人TNF α启动子区域 3个NF κB位点均参与该     

绿脓菌素激活MAPKs、NF-κB信号通路诱导呼吸道上皮细胞IL8表达

采用绿脓杆菌培养上清及绿脓菌素刺激人呼吸道上皮细胞株A5 4 9和SPC A 1,用ELISA方法检测细胞IL 8分泌水平 ,并使用免疫印迹 (Westernblot)方法观察绿脓菌素对细胞内重要的炎症信号传导途径NF κB及丝裂原激活蛋白激酶 (MAPKs)的激活作用。实验发现 ,绿脓杆菌培养上清及绿脓菌素可诱导呼吸道上皮细胞株IL 8分泌增加 ,且具有剂量依赖效应。绿脓菌素刺激细胞可使细胞内IκB α发生降解 ,同时使MAPK家族蛋白分子 (ERK1 2、p38、JNK)发生磷酸化。MEK1 2 (ERK1 2激酶 )抑制剂U0 12 6 (10 μmol L)和p38MAPK抑制剂SB2 0 35 80 (10 μmol L)可降低绿脓菌素诱导A5 4 9细胞IL 8的合成。以上结果显示绿脓菌素通过MAPK信号传导通路增强呼吸道上皮细胞IL 8的表达 ;NF κB通路也参与了绿脓菌素调控细胞IL 8表达的过程     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.