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1.
Glycophorin from human red blood cells was exposed to ozone in aqueous solution. Amino acid analysis of glycophorin exposed to a 10-fold molar excess of ozone showed that the only residue affected was methionine. Both methionine residues of the protein were oxidized to methionine sulfoxide. Exposure of the oxidized protein to cyanogen bromide caused no cleavage of the polypeptide chain. Glycophorin was incorporated into unilamellar lipid vesicles made from phosphatidylcholine. The protein containing vesicles were exposed to ozone in a 10-fold molar excess to the glycophorin. Gas chromatography of the methyl esters showed negligible change in the fatty acid composition. Amino acid analysis of the ozone-treated protein showed the oxidation of only one methionine residue per polypeptide chain to methionine sulfoxide. Ghosts of human erythrocytes were exposed to ozone. Cyanogen bromide treatment of the oxidized glycophorin yielded fragments showing that the only methionine residue oxidized by ozone was residue 8. These results indicate that in this membrane model (a) amino acid is more susceptible to ozone than is the lipid, and (b) amino acids external to the membrane are more susceptible than those in the polypeptide chain spanning the membrane. 相似文献
2.
Tropospheric ozone is a widespread and phytotoxic air pollutant in the industrialized world and causes reduced growth in many tree species. It is therefore important that, for example, the responses of the economically important loblolly pine to ozone are determined thoroughly. The objective of the study was to determine changes in ultrastructure, the vanadate-sensitive ATPase activity of the plasma membrane, the fatty acids of plasma membrane phospholipids, visible injury, and growth in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) needles exposed to different concentrations of ozone in open-top chambers. The treatments were charcoal filtered air (CF), nonfiltered air (NF), or NF-air with ozone added for 12 h daily at 1.5- or 2-fold ambient ozone concentrations from May to October, 1993. Visible injury was more severe in the high than in the low ozone treatments. Growth of needles of the first flush of 1993 was significantly reduced in the highest ozone treatment. Two types of ultrastructural injury, characterized as either acute or chronic, were observed in mesophyll cells under elevated ozone. The acute injury lead to cell collapse and death. The chronic injury, characterized by several symptoms, e.g. decreased chloroplast size and increased density of the stroma, was also found in the NF ozone treatment. Increased density of chloroplast stroma and swelling of thylakoids were transient symptoms, suggesting partial recovery as ozone concentrations decreased in fall. Ozone induced decreases in the specific activity of vanadate-sensitive ATPase of plasmalemma and in the degree of unsaturation in phospholipid fatty acids. The detected reduced needle growth, ultrastructural injury and perturbations in the function and composition of the plasma membrane indicate susceptibility of loblolly pine to ozone. Changes in the plasma membrane phospholipids may have contributed to the decrease in ATPase activity. Injury to the key enzyme of the plasma membrane can directly affect intracellular processes. In the long-term, decreased viability of needles can lead to reductions in loblolly pine productivity. 相似文献
3.
Exposure of human erythrocyte membranes to ozone (5 mumol/10 min) resulted in the inhibition of erythrocyte membrane Na+(-)K+ ATPase (EC.3.6.1.39). It was determined that, the degree of enzyme inhibition in the directly ozone exposed membranes was greater than that of membranes obtained from ozone exposed intact erythrocytes. In the presence of varying concentrations (0-1.0 mM) of dithiotrethiol or mercaptoethanol Na+(-)K+ ATPase activities of both types of ozone exposed membranes were increased almost proportionally with the concentration of dithiotrethiol or mercaptoethanol however, the activities were still lower than the normal Na+(-)K+ ATPase value. The results indicate that, dithiotrethiol or mercaptoethanol prevent the enzyme inhibition by ozone in vitro. This suggests that the membrane thiol groups are primary targets for ozone and thereby preventing the oxidation of essential functional groups of enzyme protein. 相似文献
4.
臭氧胁迫对植物主要生理功能的影响 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
近年来,由于光化学反应的臭氧前体增加,全球植物受对流层臭氧(O3)胁迫的程度越来越严重。臭氧污染被认为是造成东欧、西欧和整个美国的大片森林衰退和枯死的主要原因。臭氧胁迫严重影响植物叶片对光能的利用,通过气孔限制和非气孔限制,导致其光合速率的降低,影响光合产物的产量。臭氧对植物的影响与植物体内代谢物质的积聚量紧密联系。臭氧胁迫引发植物的各种防御保护机制,刺激抗氧化系统,影响膜系统,改变其体内碳和矿质养分的吸收并引起它们的重新分配,诱导其基因表达的深层变化。为了适应臭氧胁迫环境,植物通过生理生化机制的调节来保证其生命活动。如细胞通过调节渗透物质的含量来保持渗透势的平衡;细胞内各种抗氧化酶活性增加,以清除自由基,避免或者减轻细胞受到伤害;改变代谢途径以保持能量储备和降低代谢速率。可见,生态环境对生物进化具有重要影响。这个观点将在臭氧胁迫对植物生理的影响中得到证实,也是生物进化论的另一种证据。综述了臭氧对光合生理、呼吸代谢、抗氧化系统、膜系统、矿质养分的吸收和分配与分子生理等主要生理功能的影响,并提出臭氧胁迫对植物生理影响的今后研究方向与未来研究热点是:(1)加强在植物个体和群落水平上臭氧胁迫对植物生理影响的研究;(2)臭氧影响下植物的基因调控和相关信号传递网络系统的机理;(3)通过分子标记、基因图谱、基因组学和转基因技术等方法研究选育适应臭氧胁迫环境的植物;(4)尽可能在接近自然条件的环境中开展研究;(5)臭氧胁迫对亚热带和热带森林及其树种主要生理功能影响的研究;(6)建立模型评估臭氧对植物的影响。 相似文献
5.
The features of ozone-induced damage of E. coli plasma membrane proteins are investigated. A conclusion is made that protein fluorescence quenching is connected with modification of amino acid residues in the vicinity of tryptophane residues. Such modification may be a consequence of reaction with either ozone itself or products of its interaction with membrane lipids and/or proteins. The suggestion of Goldstein and McDonagh that ozone has a predilection for more hydrophilical membrane domains is confirmed. The data obtained are in agreement with a supposition about the leading role of proteins in deleterious action of ozone on cells. 相似文献
6.
J Meadows R C Smith J Reeves 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1986,137(1):536-541
Aqueous preparations of linolenic acid, bovine serum albumin, and bovine erythrocyte membrane fragments were bubbled with ozone in the presence or absence of uric acid. Ozonation of the membrane fragments or the bovine serum albumin did not result in protein degradation. After 15 min of ozonation, the absorbance of the thiobarbituric acid-reactive material increased by 0.34 in the linolenic acid preparation and by 0.08 in the suspension of membrane fragments. In the presence of uric acid, these changes in absorbance were reduced to 0.14 for the fatty acid and to 0.01 for the membrane fragments. This result indicates that uric acid protects lipids from ozone-induced oxidation. 相似文献
7.
Inhibition of the photosynthetic capacity of isolated chloroplasts by ozone 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Isolated spinach chloroplasts have been used as a model system for studying the interaction of ozone, a component of photochemical smog, with plant membranes. Ozone bubbled into a suspension of isolated chloroplasts inhibits electron transport in both photosystems without uncoupling ATP production. Photosystem I (reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindolphenol → NADP+) is a little more sensitive than photosystem II (H2O → 2,6-dichlophenolindolphenol). Ozone does not act as an energy transfer inhibitor, since the drop in ATP production and high energy intermediate (measured by amine-induced swelling) is nearly parallel to the decline in electron transport. A reasonable hypothesis is that ozone disrupts the normal pathway of energy flow from light-excited chlorophyll into the photoacts by a disruption of the components of the membrane but not a general disintegration of the membrane. In addition, ozone does not seem to penetrate into the grana region through the outer membrane of intact plastids, since ozone lowers the bicarbonate-supported O2 evolution but does not affect the rate of ferricyanide reduction in the same plastids after osmotic disruption. This would indicate that the effect of ozone on green plants, at low concentrations, may be due to the interaction of ozone with the first membrane it contacts and not directly with internal metabolic processes. 相似文献
8.
The effects of ozone at different concentrations (10, 30, 45 g/m3) on fluidity and thermotropic properties of erythrocyte membranes were investigated by EPR using two spin probes: 5-doxylstearic acid (5-DSA) and 16-doxylstearic acid (16-DSA). The effect of ozone on the erythrocyte membrane fluidity was a dose-dependent process. The ozone at concentration of 10 g/m3 caused rigidization of the membrane while at concentration of 45 g/m3 increased fluidity both on the surface and in the deeper hydrocarbon region of the membrane. Temperature transitions close to the polar heads region (monitored by 5-DSA) were not sensitive to an increase in ozone concentration. In the case of 16-DSA, low temperature thermotropic transition (around 20 degrees C) gradually decreased with the increase of ozone concentration. High temperature transition (around 40 degrees C) significantly differed at the ozone concentration of 10 g/m3 and 45 g/m3, being higher and lower, respectively, as compared to untreated cells. For the ozone concentration of 45 g/m3 the disappearance of the low temperature break and the appearance of two breaks at 37 degrees C and 16 degrees C were observed. 相似文献
9.
低浓度臭氧对小鼠生长发育的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的研究低浓度臭氧对小鼠生长发育的影响。方法实验组小鼠和对照组小鼠分别在15w紫外灯照射产生的低浓度臭氧环境下和正常无臭氧环境下连续饲养7周,观察其体重变化;阴道涂片镜检观察雌性小鼠的动情周期。7周后,取脑、心、肝、脾、肺、肾等组织标本,做组织病理学分析;利用全自动生化分析仪对部分血清生化指标进行测定,利用放免试剂盒对血清性激素水平进行测定。结果实验组雌性小鼠体重与对照组雌性小鼠差异无统计学意义,实验组雄性小鼠体重比对照组雄性小鼠轻;实验组雌性小鼠的动情周期与对照组雌性小鼠差异无统计学意义;实验组与对照组小鼠的组织切片均未发现异常;实验组小鼠的血清生化指标以及血清性激素水平与对照组小鼠差异无统计学意义。结论本实验中紫外灯照射产生的低浓度臭氧对昆明小鼠的生长发育基本无影响。 相似文献
10.
Plasma membranes were isolated from leaves of 16-day-old garden pea, Pisum sativum L., that had been grown in the absence or presence of 65 nl l−1 ozone for 4 days prior to membrane isolation. Plasma membranes from ozone-fumigated plants contained significantly more acyl lipids per protein than those from leaves of plants grown in filtered air on a molar/weight ratio. The ratio between the major acyl lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), also increased due to the ozone fumigation, while the fatty acid unsaturation level was unaltered in total plasma membrane acyl lipids, as well as in PC and PE. The amount of free sterols per protein was unaltered, but the percentage of campesterol increased, concomitant with a decrease in stigmasterol. The dynamical properties of the isolated plasma membranes were assessed using Laurdan fluorescence spectroscopy, which monitors water penetration and mobility at the hydrophilic-hydrophobic interface of the membrane. At 0°C, the molecular mobility was slightly lower in plasma membranes from ozone-fumigated plants than in plasma membranes from control plants, possibly reflecting the increased PE/PC, campesterol/stigmasterol and lipid/protein ratios, and suggesting that ozone-fumigated pea plants may be more susceptible to freezing injuries. 相似文献