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1.
植物氮代谢硝酸还原酶水平调控机制的研究进展   总被引:37,自引:0,他引:37  
氮代谢是植株体内最基本的物质代谢之一,硝酸还原酶是植物氮代谢的关键酶。主要对植物氮代谢在硝酸还原酶水平上调控的研究新进展,尤其是其合成/降解及活性调控机制进行了较为系统的综述。硝酸还原酶合成的调控主要发生在转录水平和翻译水平上,硝酸还原酶降解的调控主要发生在翻译后水平上,同时NO3^-及光在硝酸还原酶转录水平调控上的作用重大,硝酸还原酶编码基因转录的mRNA的稳定性强弱影响植物的氮代谢,而影响mRNA稳定性的因素很多,机理复杂;磷酸化/去磷酸化在硝酸还原酶活性调控中占举足轻重的地位,研究也比较深入。钝化蛋白也能够影响硝酸还原酶活性,许多小分子物质对硝酸还原酶活性有影响。  相似文献   

2.
6BA和KCI能促进黄化黄瓜离体子叶光下叶绿素积累和诱导硝酸还原酶活性形成,这与它们提高体内的ATP含量有关。6BA和KGI对叶绿素积累和硝酸还原酶的诱导形成还具有加成作用。 脱落酸(ABA)和 6BA之间存在拮抗作用,但是 ABA不能抵消 KCI对硝酸还原酶诱导形成的促进作用,同时无论在光下或完全黑暗条件下,6BA对硝酸还原酶的促进作用均明显可见,而KCI仅在光下呈促进作用,表明6BA和KCI在硝酸还原酶诱导过程中的作用机理可能是不同的。  相似文献   

3.
史奕  黄国宏 《生态学杂志》1999,10(3):329-331
研究施肥条件下,土壤反硝化酶活性硝酸还原酶(NR)活性、亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)活性及羟胺还原酶(HyR)活性在玉米生长季节中的变化及其与土壤含水量、硝态氮含量、N2O排放之间的关系。结果表明,3种还原酶都有明显的季节变化规律并受土壤水分含量及施肥的影响。通过研究3种反硝化酶活性与土壤含水量及N2O排放量之间的关系后指出,反硝化酶活性变化可作为一个区分旱田N2O产生途径的指标.  相似文献   

4.
对地中海拟无枝菌酸菌U-32菌株的研究发现,像植物及真菌硝酸还原酶一样,地中海拟无枝菌酸菌U-32硝酸还原酶也是诱导酶,其合成受铵盐阻遏,受硝酸盐的诱导。氯霉素抑制实验的结果表明,该菌株硝酸还原酶的诱导涉及到蛋白质的新合成。钼和钨的竞争实验说明U-32菌株硝酸还原酶也为一钼酶。另外在离体实验中,发现硝酸还原酶活力受到KCN和NADH的抑制,但至今未能找到其生理电子供体。此外,U-32菌株硝酸还原酶也不表现类似于植物的黄递酶等组份酶活性。该菌株硝酸还原酶和其力复霉素产量有一定相关性,但两者确切的关系尚待研究。  相似文献   

5.
土壤中反硝化酶活性变化与N2O排放的关系   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
研究施肥条件下,土壤反硝化酶活性硝酸还原酶(NR)活性、亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)活性及羟胺还原酶(HyR)活性在玉米生长季节中的变化及其与土壤含水量、硝态氮含量、N2O排放之间的关系.结果表明,3种还原酶都有明显的季节变化规律并受土壤水分含量及施肥的影响.通过研究3种反硝化酶活性与土壤含水量及N2O排放量之间的关系后指出,反硝化酶活性变化可作为一个区分旱田N2O产生途径的指标  相似文献   

6.
对地中海拟无枝菌酸菌U-32菌株的研究发现,像植物及真菌硝酸还原酶一样,地中海拟无枝菌酸菌U-32硝酸还原酶也是诱导酶,其合成受铵盐阻遏,受硝酸盐的诱导。氯霉素抑制实验的结果表明,该菌株硝酸还原酶的诱导涉及到蛋白质的新合成。钼和钨的竞争实验说明U-32菌株硝酸还原酶也为一钼酶。另外在离体实验中,发现硝酸还原酶活力受到KCN和NADH的抑制,但至今未能找到其生理电子供体。此外,U-32菌株硝酸还原酶也不表现类似于植物的黄递酶等组份酶活性。该菌株硝酸还原酶和其力复霉素产量有一定相关性,但两者确切的关系尚待研究。  相似文献   

7.
硝酸还原酶(NR)是植物体内氮代谢的关键酶,对植物生长发育有重要的作用。NR活力与作物耐肥性的相关性和作为作物营养诊断指标可能性的研究已引起国内外学者的广泛兴趣。 六、七十年代Bar-Akiva A.等曾对硝酸还原酶在柑桔营养诊断应用方面进行过研究,此后国内外学者陆续对其他果树的NR活力开展研究。由于果树NR研究工作在取样和测定方法上,比农作物的难度大,因而有关这方面研究的报道较少,仍有许多问题值得深入探讨。本文报道应用改进的活体测定法对厦门地区13种果树NR  相似文献   

8.
本文综述近十几年来国外有关赤豆生理生化研究,着重介绍生长素和赤霉素对赤豆上胚轴的作用,蛋白酶抑制剂,亚硝酸还原酶,氮素营养、矿质营养以及生长发育等方面的进展。  相似文献   

9.
测定了生长在Al2(SO4)100μmol/L氮素营养液中的两个玉米品种(SC704和VA35的根系和叶片)的NADH-硝酸还原酶(EC1.6.6.)和NAD(P)H-硝酸还原酶(EC1.6.6.2)活性。结果表明铝的存在阻碍了玉米根系和叶片的生长、降低了营养液的pH值,降低了叶片的NADH-及NAD(P)H-硝酸还原酶活性(酶活性降低的程度SC704低于VA35),增加了根系的NADH-和NAD(P)H-硝酸还原酶活性(VA35根系的比活性除外)。铝胁迫下根系的NADH-和NAD(P)H-硝酸还原酶活性的增加SC704大于VA35。耐铝品种SC704的高NR活性以及在铝胁迫下能维持更高的NR活性的特点说明硝酸还原酶与植物组织的Al解毒机制有关。同时,在铝胁迫下的硝酸盐代谢中NAD(P)H-硝酸还原酶具有更重要的作用。  相似文献   

10.
冯瑞芳  杨万勤  张健  邓仁菊  简毅  林静 《生态学报》2007,27(10):4019-4026
采用控制环境生长室研究了川西亚高山森林生态系统中与C、N、P循环有关的土壤转化酶、脲酶、硝酸还原酶和酸性磷酸酶活性的月动态及其对模拟大气CO2浓度增加、温度升高以及交互作用的动态响应。在一个生长季节内,土壤有机层和矿质土壤层的转化酶、脲酶、硝酸还原酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性高峰均出现在温度较高的夏季。其中,土壤有机层的转化酶活性高峰出现在6月份,但土壤矿质层的转化酶活性高峰出现在7月份,土壤有机层和矿质土壤层的脲酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性高峰均出现在7月份,而硝酸还原酶的活性高峰均出现在8月份。升高大气CO2浓度处理(EC)对土壤有机层和矿质土壤层的转化酶、脲酶、硝酸还原酶和酸性磷酸酶活性没有显著影响。升高温度处理(ET)显著增加了土壤有机层和矿质土壤层的酶活性,并且土壤有机层的转化酶、硝酸还原酶和脲酶活性增加更显著。大气CO2浓度增加和温度升高之间的交互作用(ECT)对土壤有机层和矿质土壤层酶活性的影响主要是温度升高引起的。  相似文献   

11.
The appearance of nitrate reductase activity in derepressed cultures of the Nit A mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii required concomitant photosynthetic CO2 fixation and was inhibited when protein turnover was prevented. Provided leupeptin was included in the extraction buffer, a single species of nitrate reductase (molecular mass, m = 390 kDa) was extracted from Nit A cultures incubated in nitrate medium for 4 h. Cultures of the mutant incubated in nitrate-free medium contained a number of nitrate reductase species (m = 52–500 kDa). This evidence suggests that nitrate plays a role in the stabilisation of the structure of the mutant nitrate reductase. Only one species of nitrate reductase (m = 188 kDa) was extracted from wild type cultures grown with nitrate.  相似文献   

12.
Nitrogenous inorganic compounds impact plants as nutrients, signals and toxins. We are dissecting a regulatory network that controls nitrate assimilation at the level of nitrate reductase (NR) activity. The identification of protein kinase cascades, protein phosphatases and 14-3-3 proteins as regulators of NR are giving clues about how plants sense their nutrient availability, and use the information to signal changes in their metabolism and developmental strategies to cope with supplies. We hope that understanding these controls might lead to the design of transgenic plants with deregulated signalling networks, which would make them more efficient in using nitrogen fertilizers, and improving quality and yield of crops. There are circumstantial indications that gaseous anthropogenic nitrogenous emissions might also have complex regulatory influences on plant growth and development.  相似文献   

13.
Ammonia, as well as other uncouplers of photophosphorylation, strongly inhibit the photosynthetic reduction of nitrate by particles of the blue-green alga Nostoc muscorum. The enzyme responsible for nitrate reduction, nitrate reductase, can be reversibly inactivated by reduction in a ferredoxin-dependent reaction. Nitrate protects against this inactivation, and molecular oxygen restores the original activity.  相似文献   

14.
The eukaryotic regulatory protein 14-3-3 is involved in many important plant cellular processes including regulation of nitrate assimilation through inhibition of phosphorylated nitrate reductase (pNR) in darkened leaves. Divalent metal cations (Me2+) and some polyamines interact with the loop 8 region of the 14-3-3 proteins and allow them to bind and inhibit pNR in vitro. The role of the highly variant C-terminal regions of the 14-3-3 isoforms in regulation by polycations is not clear. In this study, we carried out structural analyses on the C-terminal tail of the Arabidopsis 14-3-3omega isoform and evaluated its contributions to the inhibition of pNR. Nested C-terminal truncations of the recombinant 14-3-3omega protein revealed that the removal of the C-terminal tail renders the protein partially Mg2+-independent in both pNR binding and inhibition of activity, suggesting that the C-terminus functions as an autoinhibitor. The C-terminus of 14-3-3omega appears to undergo a conformational change in the presence of polycations as demonstrated by its increased trypsin cleavage at Lys-247. C-terminal truncation of 14-3-3omega at Thr-255 increased its interaction with antibodies to the C-terminus of 14-3-3omega in non-denaturing conditions, but not in denaturing conditions, suggesting that the C-terminal tail contains ordered structures that might be disrupted by the truncation. Circular dichroism (CD) analysis of a C-terminal peptide, from Trp-234 to Lys-249, revealed that the C-terminal tail might contain a tenth alpha-helix, in agreement with the in silico predictions. The function of the putative tenth alpha-helix is not clear because substituting two prolyl residues within the predicted helix (E245P/I246P mutant), which prevented the corresponding peptide from adopting a helical conformation, did not affect the inhibition of pNR activity in the presence or absence of Mg2+. We propose that in the absence of polycations, access of target proteins to their binding groove in the 14-3-3 protein is restricted by the C-terminus, which acts as part of a gate that opens with the binding of polycations to loop 8.  相似文献   

15.
硝酸还原酶和可溶性蛋白对蒙古栎种源生长的影响   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
研究了硝酸还原酶和可溶性蛋白含量对蒙古栎种源生长的影响.结果表明:蒙古栎在生长性状、硝酸还原酶活性以及可溶性蛋白含量上都存在着显著的差异,绥阳种源含量最高.同时,不同种源的硝酸还原酶活性及可溶性蛋白含量呈现明显的季节变化,以6月份最高,这与蒙古栎在6月份生长较快相符.而且生长性状与所研究的两个理化指标之间存在显著的正相关,即树木生长潜力大的种源、体内硝酸还原酶活性高、蛋白质积累多.本研究为人们预测树木生长状态,提供了一定的理论依据.  相似文献   

16.
Aoyama T  Chen M  Fujiwara H  Masaki T  Sawamura T 《FEBS letters》2000,480(2-3):217-220
To assess the role of 14-3-3 proteins in the magnesium-dependent inhibition of nitrate reductase (NR) we tested the effect of magnesium on NR binding to 14-3-3s by coimmunoprecipitation and gel filtration. The stability of the 14-3-3 complex of NR was, unlike its activity, unaffected by magnesium. We therefore conclude that binding to 14-3-3s per se does not inhibit NR. Magnesium inhibited 14-3-3-bound NR much more strongly than 14-3-3-free NR. 14-3-3s possibly reinforce NR inhibition by magnesium.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract The effect of the nitrogen source on the cellular activity level of assimilatory nitrate reductase in the cyanobacteria Anabaena variabilis (ATCC29413) and Synechocystis sp. (PCC6714) has been examined. In the filamentous N2-fixing A. variabilis , nitrate behaved as a nutritional inducer of nitrate reductase, with ammonium acting (via products of its assimilation) as an antagonist with regard to nitrate. Ammonium-promoted repression of nitrate reductase was also evident in the unicellular non-nitrogen fixer Synechocystis , but in this strain nitrate was not required as an obligatory inducer.  相似文献   

18.
Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (fru-2,6-P2) is a signalling metabolite that regulates photosynthetic carbon partitioning in plants. The content of fru-2,6-P2 in Arabidopsis leaves varied in response to photosynthetic activity with an abrupt decrease at the start of the photoperiod, gradual increase through the day, and modest decrease at the start of the dark period. In Arabidopsis suspension cells, fru-2,6-P2 content increased in response to an unknown signal upon transfer to fresh culture medium. This increase was blocked by either 2-deoxyglucose or the protein phosphatase inhibitor, calyculin A, and the effects of calyculin A were counteracted by the general protein kinase inhibitor K252a. The changes in fru-2,6-P2 at the start of dark period in leaves and in the cell experiments generally paralleled changes in nitrate reductase (NR) activity. NR is inhibited by protein phosphorylation and binding to 14-3-3 proteins, raising the question of whether fructose-6-phosphate,2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase protein from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtF2KP), which both generates and hydrolyses fru-2,6-P2, is also regulated by phosphorylation and 14-3-3s. Consistent with this hypothesis, AtF2KP and NR from Arabidopsis cell extracts bound to a 14-3-3 column, and were eluted specifically by a synthetic 14-3-3-binding phosphopeptide (ARAApSAPA). 14-3-3s co-precipitated with recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST)-AtF2KP that had been incubated with Arabidopsis cell extracts in the presence of Mg-ATP. 14-3-3s bound directly to GST-AtF2KP that had been phosphorylated on Ser220 (SLSASGpSFR) and Ser303 (RLVKSLpSASSF) by recombinant Arabidopsis calcium-dependent protein kinase isoform 3 (CPK3), or on Ser303 by rat liver mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK; homologue of plant SNF-1 related protein kinases (SnRKs)) or an Arabidopsis cell extract. We have failed to find any direct effect of 14-3-3s on the F2KP activity in vitro to date. Nevertheless, our findings indicate the possibility that 14-3-3 binding to SnRK1-phosphorylated sites on NR and F2KP may regulate both nitrate assimilation and sucrose/starch partitioning in leaves.  相似文献   

19.
20.
Two nitrate reductases, nitrate reductase A and nitrate reductase Z, exist in Escherichia coli. The nitrate reductase Z enzyme has been purified from the membrane fraction of a strain which is deleted for the operon encoding the nitrate reductase A enzyme and which harbours a multicopy plasmid carrying the nitrate reductase Z structural genes; it was purified 219 times with a yield of about 11%. It is an Mr-230,000 complex containing 13 atoms iron and 12 atoms labile sulfur/molecule. The presence of a molybdopterin cofactor in the nitrate reductase Z complex was demonstrated by reconstitution experiments of the molybdenum-cofactor-deficient NADPH-dependent nitrate reductase activity from a Neurospora crassa nit-1 mutant and by fluorescence emission and excitation spectra of stable derivatives of molybdoterin extracted from the purified enzyme. Both nitrate reductases share common properties such as relative molecular mass, subunit composition and electron donors and acceptors. Nevertheless, they diverge by two properties: their electrophoretic migrations are very different (RF of 0.38 for nitrate reductase Z versus 0.23 for nitrate reductase A), as are their susceptibilities to trypsin. An immunological study performed with a serum raised against nitrate reductase Z confirmed the existence of common epitopes in both complexes but unambiguously demonstrated the presence of specific determinants in nitrate reductase Z. Furthermore, it revealed a peculiar aspect of the regulation of both nitrate reductases: the nitrate reductase A enzyme is repressed by oxygen, strongly inducible by nitrate and positively controlled by the fnr gene product; on the contrary, the nitrate reductase Z enzyme is produced aerobically, barely induced by nitrate and repressed by the fnr gene product in anaerobiosis.  相似文献   

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