不同种类可吸收性外科缝线的体外降解性能评价

目的研究3种不同种类的可吸收性缝线的体外降解性能,分析其体外降解产物。方法将3种可吸收性缝线分别按比例浸入Sorensen缓冲液中进行体外降解实验,设3个降解周期组,每组设3个重复,分别过滤分离试样、碎片和溶液,计算试样的质量损耗率。并对其体外降解产物进行定性定量分析。结果3种试样体外降解的质量损耗率均逐期增大;不同种类缝线的体外降解液成分不同,且其主要成份含量逐期增加。结论：不同种类的可吸收性缝线应采用不同的定性定量分析方法,根据产物推断缝线的生物安全性。     

牙周再生膜体外降解的实验研究

目的研究牙周再生膜在体外动态和静态降解体系中的降解性能。方法用聚乳酸乙醇酸制作的牙周再生膜在动态(降解介质流速为250μl/min)和静态两种降解体系中进行降解,分别在材料降解前的第0周和降解后的第1、2、4、6周测定牙周再生膜在体外动态和静态降解体系中的残存质量、平均分子量、弹性模量、孔隙率和渗透性的变化并对两种降解体系中的降解性能进行比较。结果降解过程中,牙周再生膜实验材料的质量随着降解的进行而不断损耗,残存的质量越来越少。实验材料的分子量随着降解的进行而不断减少。牙周再生膜的质量和分子量在静态降解体系中损失速度显著高于在动态降解体系(P<0.01);在两种实验条件下,牙周再生膜实验材料的弹性模量都是在第2周时开始上升,随后下降。材料的弹性模量在动态降解体系中较之静态降解体系能维持较长时间;无论在动态降解条件下,还是在静态降解条件下,实验材料的孔隙率都是从第2周时开始下降,而后逐渐增加。降解系统的状态对材料孔隙率变化的影响无显著差异(P>0.05);材料在静态降解体系中的渗透性显著高于动态降解体系(P<0.01)。材料在两种降解介质中的降解性能相似,但是在所测定的降解指标中,材料在人工唾液中的变化速度显著高于在PBS中的(0.01相似文献   

可吸收缝合线体外降解及在妇产科临床的应用

目的探讨可吸收缝合线在体外降解以及在妇产科临床中的应用价值。方法选取2014年1月~2015年1月在我院妇产科手术患者68例,按照入院顺序随机分为观察组和对照组各34例。对照组采用常规缝合方式缝合,观察组采用可吸收缝合线缝合,观察比较两组患者手术时间、切口愈合时间、切口裂开率及术后并发症(发热、伤口感染)发生情况。结果观察组的手术效果明显优于对照组,术后无不良反应,而且缝合线降解效果良好,组间差异明显,均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论可吸收缝合线缝合应用于妇产科手术中,不仅能在体外有效降解,还利于患者术后恢复,有极大的推广和应用前景。     

生物降解可吸收形状记忆聚合物的生物相容性研究

目的:我们利用经美国FDA批准成为临床使用材料的聚己内酯为主要原料,发明了一种可吸收的形状记忆聚合物,添加的辅料偶联剂为烃氧基硅烷;多官能团单体选自含2个到3个烯键的有机酯,如季戊四醇三烯酸酯等;填料选用含有活性钙离子的化合物,如磷酸氢钙等,均为生物相容性良好,且可吸收的材料(专利号:200610023175).通过体外细胞学实验,对该生物降解可吸收记忆聚合物的生物相容性进行评价.方法:实验采用3T3细胞进行原代及传代培养,然后将细胞接种到两组载体上—生物降解可吸收记忆聚合物组和裸皿培养组,建立不同的3T3细胞培养系统.利用绘制细胞生长曲线、MTT比色及3H-胸腺嘧啶(3H-TdR)掺入方法观察体外培养3T3细胞在生物降解可吸收记忆聚合物载体上的活力、增殖及DNA合成情况,研究生物降解可吸收记忆聚合物载体的生物相容性.结果:在生物降解可吸收记忆聚合物和裸皿中培养时,3T3细胞的活力、增殖和代谢等生物学特性无明显差别.结论:体外细胞学实验表明这种生物降解可吸收记忆聚合物具有良好的生物相容性.     

3D打印PCL/β-TCP可降解椎间融合器的体外降解及生物力学研究

目的:研究以质量配比为5:5的聚己内酯(PCL)与磷酸三钙(β-TCP)为原材料,应用3D打印技术制备的的可降解的颈椎椎间融合器在体外的降解特性,为临床应用提供理论依据。方法:将制备好的融合器浸泡于模拟体液中,置于37℃温箱,每2周更换浸泡液,按浸泡时间的不同分为六组:分别为空白对照组、2周、4周、12周、26周、52周组。每组浸泡前后经室温真空干燥后用同一天平测量质量,计算失重质量及失重率,应用凝胶渗透色谱仪分析各组融合器中PCL的分子量变化,并应用INSTRON万能试验机进行抗压强度力学测试。空白对照组为样本室温密闭容器放置,在初始称重并检测分子量及抗压强度测试,52周后计算失重率、检测分子量及抗压强度。结果:该种可降解椎间融合器初始抗压强度达到(23.21±2.28)MPa,在体外降解52周后其抗压强度下降不明显,为(18.99±0.49)MPa(P>0.05);其在体外可缓慢降解,52周后失重率约9.23%(P<0.05),其中PCL分子量从初始的10万左右降至7万左右(P<0.05)。结论:该种可降解椎间融合器抗压力学强度适中且能长时间维持,符合临床应用要求,其在体外可缓慢降解,评估其在生物体内的降解吸收特性较好,在人体椎间融合手术中应用的可行性及有效性较高。     

地衣芽胞杆菌ATCC9945A中γ-聚谷氨酸降解酶基因的克隆、表达及降解性能鉴定

目的:验证在地衣芽胞杆菌ATCC9945A中存在着γ-聚谷氨酸降解酶基因(ywtD),为下一步解决在γ-聚谷氨酸微生物发酵合成过程中产物γ-PGA降解的技术性难题提供依据。方法:通过在pET-28b(+)大肠杆菌表达系统克隆表达地衣芽孢杆菌ATCC9945A中的ywtD基因,对诱导表达条件进行优化,采用SDS-PAGE和Western Blot方法检测目的蛋白的表达,并体外酶解实验验证其活性。结果:PCR扩增得到了一个1 245bp的基因片段,预期编码414个氨基酸,诱导表达后得到一个分子量大小约为45.6 kDa的表达产物。Western Blot分析结果表明ywtD基因得到了有效表达。体外酶解实验表明该表达产物具有降解γ-PGA的活性。结论:证明在地衣芽胞杆菌ATCC9945A中存在着γ-聚谷氨酸降解酶基因。     

黄原胶降解及其抗氧化性能研究

酸性条件下对黄原胶进行氧化降解,透析得到两种黄原胶寡糖,对产物进行FT-IR表征,GPC法测定两种寡糖的分子量分别为7500、10100。考察两种产物对超氧阴离子自由基O2-.和过氧化氢的清除活性以及还原能力,结果表明10100-XG较7500-XG具有更强的抗氧化性能。这可能与黄原胶寡糖活性羟基数目有关。     

低分子量κ-卡拉胶马来酰基化衍生物的制备及抗氧化活性的研究

对κ-卡拉胶进行氧化降解,得到分子量不同的两种卡拉胶低聚糖,并分别制成四丁基铵盐,进而与马来酸酐进行酰化,制得两种不同分子量的卡拉胶马来酰基化衍生物.对产物进行IR表征,并对产物的抗氧化性能进行测试.结果表明:κ-卡拉胶在马来酰基化以后对超氧阴离子自由基O_2以及过氧化氢的清除能力都大大增强了.     

乌骨鸡黑色素氧化降解工艺研究

采用碳酸钾-过氧化氢法、高锰酸钾法、氢氧化钠-过氧化氢法及氨水-过氧化氢法对乌骨鸡黑色素进行氧化降解,并获得可溶性的降解产物,运用GC-MS分析降解萃取产物中物质种类,并且分析了降解产物得率和分子量分布,发现降解方法不同,降解产物各指标也存在相应差异。其中高锰酸钾法得率最高为82.5%,碳酸钾-过氧化氢次之为61.5%,其余均在50%以上;降解产物分子量以氨水-过氧化氢法最高,高达12265.5 Da,其降解程度最小,其萃取物中的物质种类及含量较少,而强酸性环境下高锰酸钾氧化降解乌骨鸡黑色素程度最大,降解产物中存在许多被彻底氧化的有机酸类,进一步表明强酸、强碱介质中黑色素更容易被氧化断裂。     

壳聚糖辐照降解产物涂膜保鲜草莓研究

壳聚糖具有抑菌性与成膜性。将壳聚糖辐照降解得到的一系列不同粘均分子量产物进行涂膜草莓保鲜,研究涂膜液中壳聚糖粘均分子量、浓度、pH值、有机酸、明胶含量对草莓保鲜效果的影响;并设计四因素三水平正交试验。实验结果表明：1％（w／v）7．0×10^4Da壳聚糖、1％（v／v）醋酸、pH5、添加明胶0．5％的涂膜配方具有最好的保鲜效果;在常温（20℃、湿度80％～90％）下可以延长贮藏期2d;低温（3℃-4℃、湿度80％-90％）下可以延长贮藏期3d。     

Prolonged antibacterial action of synthetic suture materials containing gentamicin]

A new sutural material in the form of polyacrylamide threads containing gentamicin in an amount of 10 per cent by the thread weight was studied. After storage for a year under refrigerator conditions the threads preserved their antibacterial activity when studied in vitro. Since gentamicin was included within the threads by means of the ionic links its release from the threads to the environment either in vitro or in vivo was gradual and uniform within at least 10 days. The quantity of the released antibiotic depended on its content per unit of thread length. The marked antibacterial effect within the prolonged period is a basis for the use of the threads in surgical practice for the prevention of infections in the early postoperative period.     

Enzymatic and non-enzymatic degradation of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolyesters produced by Alcaligenes sp. MT-16

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), poly(3HB-co-3HV), copolyesters with a variety of 3HV contents (ranging from 17 to 60 mol%) were produced by Alcaligenes sp. MT-16 grown on a medium containing glucose and levulinic acid in various ratios, and the effects of hydrophilicity and crystallinity on the degradability of the copolyesters were evaluated. Measurements of thermo-mechanical properties and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflectance revealed that the hydrophilicity and crystallinity of poly(3HB-co-3HV) copolyesters decreased as 3HV content in the copolyester increased. When the prepared copolyester film samples were non-enzymatically hydrolysed in 0.01 N NaOH solution, the weights of all samples were found to have undergone no changes over a period of 20 weeks. In contrast, the copolyester film samples were degraded by the action of extracellular polyhydroxybutyrate depolymerase from Emericellopsis minima W2. The overall rate of weight loss was higher in the films containing higher amounts of 3HV, suggesting that the enzymatic degradation of the copolyester is more dependent on the crystallinity of the copolyester than on its hydrophilicity. Our results suggest that the degradability characteristics of poly(3HB-co-3HV) copolyesters, as well as their thermo-mechanical properties, are greatly influenced by the 3HV content in the copolyesters.     

Preferential loss of body fat during starvation in dietary obese rats.

This study was undertaken to examine whether diet-induced obesity alters the amount and/or composition of weight lost during starvation. The amount and composition of weight lost during a 4-day period of starvation was determined before and at 17, 30 and 42 weeks after rats (350 g of body weight) were given a high fat diet (HFD). To control for effects of aging, a second group of rats, fed standard laboratory chow, was also subjected to similar periods of starvation. Although total weight loss during starvation was never greater for HFD rats than for chow-fed rats, the former group showed a clear patter of increasing loss of body fat and total energy and conservation of fat-free tissues with periods of starvation later in life. In addition, chow-fed rats showed substantial energy conservation during each period of starvation (i.e. they lost less energy each day than their pre-starvation energy requirements). In contrast, HFD rats demonstrated substantial energy conservation only at 17 weeks and not at 30 or 42 weeks; during the last period of starvation, their average daily loss of carcass energy exceeded their pre-starvation energy requirements. This suggests the increased fat mass of these rats may have led to increased fuel availability and to an increased metabolic rate during starvation. If these results are applicable to humans, the more obese subjects are likely to show greater total loss of energy than lean subjects, but show a lesser loss of lean body mass, at least initially. If protein requirements are reflected by the ability to mobilize protein during food restriction, protein requirements would be substantially lower in the dietary obese rats than in controls. In summary, diet-induced obesity leads to preferential loss of body fat and conservation of lean mass during starvation.     

Specific biogas production and role of packing medium in the treatment of rubber thread manufacturing industry wastewater

Wastewater from three rubber thread manufacturing industries collected from three different sampling points was characterised. The acidic wastewater (pH = 3.6 to 4.7) contains high levels of COD, BOD, nitrogen and zinc. The average COD:N:P ratio was 100:3.8:0.4 whereas the BOD:N:P ratio was 100:4.5:0.4 with more than sufficient amounts of N and P for anaerobic digestion using the up-flow anaerobic filter. The specific biogas yield ranged between 0.250 to 0.069 l CH₄/g COD added when the organic loading rate was altered from 2.0 to 14.0 g COD/l/d respectively. The biogas production rate and the biogas yield rate increased from 8.2 to 42.7 l/d and 0.97 to 1.50 l CH₄/l/d respectively, for the same organic loading rate. The N and P utilised ranged between 1.53 to 1.20 and 0.3 to 0.26 mg per 100 mg COD consumed respectively when the organic loading rate was increased from 2.0 to 14.0 g COD/l/d. The optimum COD:N:P ratio obtained for steady state operation of the up-flow anaerobic filter in this study for the rubber thread manufacturing wastewater was 100:1.3:0.3. Attached biomass was responsible for the removal of more than 70% of the COD in the wastewater when PU foam was used as the packing media.     

Hydrolysis of concentrated sucrose syrups by invertase immobilized on anion exchanger waste cotton thread.

Yeast invertase was immobilized on polyethyleneimine-coated cotton thread by adsorption followed by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The thread-bound invertase was used as an easily retrievable system for the hydrolysis of 80% w/v commercial sucrose syrups. The immobilized enzyme was stable for over 90 days to a temperature of 50 degrees C, only when stored in 80% sucrose solution. Above this temperature, inactivation of enzyme was observed. The cotton threads were used in a batch reactor for hydrolysis of sucrose in about 30 batches carried out over a period of 50 days without loss in activity. The threads could also be used in a packed bed reactor (1.51) for 97% hydrolysis of 80% sucrose syrups at 50 degrees C at a rate of about 360 kg per month for a period of 3 months.     

Changes in body composition with weight loss: obese subjects randomized to surgical and medical programs

Objective: To assess changes in body composition with weight loss in obese subjects randomized to a laparoscopic adjustable gastric band surgical program or a medical program using a very‐low‐energy diet and orlistat. Research Methods and Procedures: Using body composition measurements by DXA, neutron activation for total body nitrogen, and whole body γ counting for total body potassium, we studied changes in fat mass, fat distribution, fat‐free mass, total bone mineral content, total body protein, and body cell mass at 6 (n = 61 paired) and 24 months (n = 53 paired) after randomization. Results: At 24 months, the surgical group had lost significantly more weight (surgical, 20.3 ± 6.5 kg; medical, 5.9 ± 8.0 kg). There was favorable fat‐free mass to fat mass loss ratios for both groups (surgical, 1:5.5; medical, 1:5.9). Changes in total body nitrogen or potassium were favorable in each group. A small reduction in mean bone mineral content occurred throughout the study but was not associated with extent of weight loss or treatment group. At 6 months, weight loss for both groups was similar (surgical, 14.1 ± 4.5 kg; medical, 13.3 ± 7.3 kg). The medical program subjects lost less fat‐free mass and skeletal muscle and had increased total body protein. The proportion of body fat to limb fat remained remarkably constant throughout the study. Discussion: Weight loss programs used in this study induced fat loss without significant deleterious effects on the components of fat‐free mass.     

Environmental fate of sacrificial zinc anodes and influence of a biofilm

Laboratory experiments were performed to determine the environmental fate of zinc compounds formed during sacrificial dissolution of zinc anodes in seawater and to further determine the role of biofilms in mobilizing/immobilizing zinc corrosion products. Experimental conditions simulated cathodic protection and overprotection (40x normal) of ship ballast tanks with an anode to cathode ratio of 0.091. Anodic dissolution and percentage of soluble zinc increased with the level of protection. For normal cathodic protection in abiotic seawater, approximately 3% of the sacrificed zinc was dissolved in solution. Additionally, weight loss and percent soluble products increased dramatically in the presence of an agar film, but were unchanged due to the presence of natural marine biofilms. Under overprotection conditions, weight loss did not vary in the presence of surface films. Solid zinc corrosion products were precipitated, suspended in solution, and attached to electrode surfaces. Experimental data were compared with zinc concentrations measured in ballast tanks for two United States Navy surface ships.     

Bamboo as a support material in anaerobic reactors

The changes in 2.5-cm thick bamboo rings during their use as a support material in an anaerobic reactor show that the wash out and degradation processes are largely completed within 6 months to a year. The dry mass of the bamboo used decreased more quickly in the first half of the year than during the second half and asymptotically approached a loss limit of approximately 15% (w/w). The decrease in substances contained in the bamboo during the 2-year experimental period led to reductions in wall thickness of the rings of 0.8 mm and in the absorbable pressure of 21%. Bamboo thus appears to be suitable for long-term use in an anaerobic reactor.