首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
介绍微生物燃料电池的基本工作原理。根据电子传递方式阳极产电微生物分为无需中间体微生物和需中间体微生物。对阴极进行不同反应所涉及的最终电子受体进行了概述,并展望了微生物燃料电池的应用前景。  相似文献   

2.
产电微生物及微生物燃料电池最新研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
新型产电微生物(Electricigens)的发现,使得微生物燃料电池概念的内涵发生了根本性的变化,展现了广阔的应用前景。这种微生物能够以电极作为唯一电子受体,把氧化有机物获得的电子通过电子传递链传递到电极产生电流,同时微生物从中获得能量而生长。这种代谢被认为是一种新型微生物呼吸方式。以这种新型微生物呼吸方式为基础的微生物燃料电池可以同时进行废水处理和生物发电,有望可以把废水处理发展成一个有利可图的产业,是MFC最有发展前景的方向。  相似文献   

3.
微生物燃料电池(MFC)是利用阳极产电微生物为催化剂降解有机废物直接将化学能转化为电能的装置。在MFC系统中,产电微生物是影响产电性能的核心要素之一。介绍了MFC中产电微生物的最新研究现状,详细讨论了产电微生物的种类、产电机理和产电能力.为产电微生物的富集、驯化、改造和多种菌种优化组合提供思路。  相似文献   

4.
氧化亚氮(N2O)是第三大温室气体和最主要的臭氧层破坏气体.填埋是目前城市生活垃圾处理处置的主要方式,而垃圾填埋场是N2O的排放源之一.实验室研究和现场测定均表明,生活垃圾填埋场可以有高的N2O释放通量,但不同填埋场测定数据差异很大.目前,对生活垃圾填埋场N2O排放量的原位准确测定以及排放机理和重要性的认识仍有很多不足.本文概述了生活垃圾填埋场N2O排放研究现状,从垃圾堆体和覆土层两部分探讨了传统厌氧卫生填埋场的N2O产生和排放机理,并就此对新型脱氮型生物反应器填埋场做了相应探讨.最后,就静态箱法、涡度相关法等N2O通量测定方法在填埋场的适用性进行了讨论,并展望了填埋场N2O排放的研究方向.  相似文献   

5.
氧化亚氮(N2O)是第三大温室气体和最主要的臭氧层破坏气体.填埋是目前城市生活垃圾处理处置的主要方式,而垃圾填埋场是N2O的排放源之一.实验室研究和现场测定均表明,生活垃圾填埋场可以有高的N2O释放通量,但不同填埋场测定数据差异很大.目前,对生活垃圾填埋场N2O排放量的原位准确测定以及排放机理和重要性的认识仍有很多不足.本文概述了生活垃圾填埋场N2O排放研究现状,从垃圾堆体和覆土层两部分探讨了传统厌氧卫生填埋场的N2O产生和排放机理,并就此对新型脱氮型生物反应器填埋场做了相应探讨.最后,就静态箱法、涡度相关法等N2O通量测定方法在填埋场的适用性进行了讨论,并展望了填埋场N2O排放的研究方向.  相似文献   

6.
装置以河道黑臭底泥为底物, 改性后的碳毡为电极, 通过外接不同额定电压的太阳能电池板, 构建了一种新型的SC-MFC (solar cell-microbial fuel cell) 体系, 太阳能电池的引入对普通MFC 产电性能及底泥污染物去除效率产生了的影响。通过一个周期的运行, 得到如下结论: 在太阳能电池表面辐照强度53 mW·cm–2 的条件下, SC-MFC 系统的最大输出电压和输出功率密度与普通的MFC 相比均有明显的提高。对于底泥污染物的去除, SC-MFC 系统随着串联太阳能电池额定电压的增大, 去除效率呈现出先升高后降低的趋势。在外接0.5 V、1 V、2 V 太阳能电池时, 底泥对污染物修复效果较好, 并且底泥中有机质、总磷、氨氮、硝态氮的最大去除率为20.88%、32.39%、48.41%、62.66%, 它们分别在串联1 V、2 V、2 V、0.5 V 太阳能电池板时达到。  相似文献   

7.
微生物燃料电池中产电微生物的研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
产电微生物是微生物燃料电池系统的核心组成, 本文从生物学角度介绍了几种产电微生物的分类学地位、形态特征、生理生化特征及在微生物燃料电池中的产电机理和产电能力, 分析了利用产电微生物进行废水处理同时生物发电的应用前景, 提出产电微生物在MFC系统中的进一步研究方向为微生物的富集、驯化、改造和多种菌种优化组合等。  相似文献   

8.
对污水处理厂曝气池的产电微生物进行富集并利用纯培养法筛选,采用基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析方法研究了产电微生物的生物多样性,并基于三电极体系绘制出的循环伏安曲线鉴别出产电性能较强的纯菌株。结果表明,菌株F003、F042和F050与其系统发育关系最密切的有效发表种的典型菌株的16S rRNA基因序列存在较大差异,分别代表新的分类单元。之后又对所获得的38株菌株进行电化学测试活性,得出4株活性较强的菌株,其中菌株F010和F017的电化学活性比菌株F007和F051更为显著。  相似文献   

9.
基于微生物燃料电池的反应装置,从污水处理厂曝气池的污泥中通过富集,筛选和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析等手段驯化出1株高效产电假单胞菌F026。以F026为阳极产电菌制作微生物燃料电池,考察了底物种类、温度和p H值等因素对微生物燃料电池产电性能的影响。结果表明,F026最适合在以可溶性淀粉为底物,p H为中性偏碱性,温度在30~35℃的环境下生长。在此条件下,微生物燃料电池的最高电压达到500 m V,体积功率密度达到2 W/m3。  相似文献   

10.
微生物燃料电池(Microbial fuel cell,MFC)作为一种生物电化学装置,在可再生能源生产和废水处理方面的巨大潜力已引起广泛关注。然而MFC面临输出功率低、欧姆内阻高以及启动时间长等问题,极大限制了其在实际工程中的应用。MFC中阳极是微生物附着的载体,对电子的产生及传递起着关键作用,开发优质的生物电极已发展成为改善MFC性能的有效途径。共轭聚合物具有成本低、电导率高、化学稳定性及生物相容性好等优点,利用共轭聚合物修饰生物电极结构,可以实现大比表面积、缩短电荷转移路径,从而实现高效生物电化学性能。同时,纳米级共轭聚合物包覆细菌,可以使细菌产生的电子有效地传递到电极。文中综述了最近报道的共轭聚合物在MFC中的应用,重点介绍了共轭聚合物修饰的MFC阳极,系统分析了共轭聚合物的优点及局限性,以及这些高效复合生物电极如何解决MFC应用中存在的低输出功率、高欧姆内阻及长启动时间等问题。  相似文献   

11.
New exoelectrogen Citrobacter sp. SX-1 isolated from a microbial fuel cell   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Aims: Isolation, identification and characterization of a new exoelectrogenic bacterium from a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Methods and Results: Exoelectrogenic bacterial strain SX‐1 was isolated from a mediator‐less MFC by conventional plating techniques with ferric citrate as electron acceptor under anaerobic condition. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence revealed that it was related to the members of Citrobacter genus with Citrobacter sp. sdy‐48 being the most closely related species. The bacterial strain SX‐1 produced electricity from citrate, acetate, glucose, sucrose, glycerol and lactose in MFCs with the highest current density of 205 mA m?2 generated from citrate. Cyclic voltammetry analysis indicated that membrane‐associated proteins may play an important role in facilitating the electrons transferring from bacteria to electrode. Conclusions: This is the first study that demonstrates that Citrobacter species can transfer electrons to extracellular electron acceptors. Citrobacter strain SX‐1 is capable of generating electricity from a wide range of substrates in MFCs. Significance and Impact of the Study: This finding increases the known diversity of power generating exoelectrogens and provided a new strain to explore the mechanisms of extracellular electron transfer from bacteria to electrode. The wide range of substrate utilization by SX‐1 increases the application potential of MFCs in renewable energy generation and waste treatment.  相似文献   

12.
    
The paper introduces the concept of the microbial electrochemical snorkel (MES), a simplified design of a “short-circuited” microbial fuel cell (MFC). The MES cannot provide current but it is optimized for wastewater treatment. An electrochemically active biofilm (EAB) was grown on graphite felt under constant polarization in an urban wastewater. Controlling the electrode potential and inoculating the bioreactor with a suspension of an established EAB improved the performance and the reproducibility of the anodes. Anodes, colonized by an EAB were tested for the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from urban wastewater using a variety of bio-electrochemical processes (microbial electrolysis, MFC, MES). The MES technology, as well as a short-circuited MFC, led to a COD removal 57% higher than a 1000 Ω-connected MFC, confirming the potential for wastewater treatment.  相似文献   

13.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The biofilm of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) experiences biofilm-related (growth and mass transport) and electrochemical (electron conduction and charger-transfer) processes. We developed a dynamic, one-dimensional, multi-species model for the biofilm in three steps. First, we formulated the biofilm on the anode as a \"biofilm anode\" with the following two properties: (1) The biofilm has a conductive solid matrix characterized by the biofilm conductivity (kappa(bio)). (2) The biofilm matrix accepts electrons from biofilm bacteria and conducts the electrons to the anode. Second, we derived the Nernst-Monod expression to describe the rate of electron-donor (ED) oxidation. Third, we linked these components using the principles of mass balance and Ohm's law. We then solved the model to study dual limitation in biofilm by the ED concentration and local potential. Our model illustrates that kappa(bio) strongly influences the ED and current fluxes, the type of limitation in biofilm, and the biomass distribution. A larger kappa(bio) increases the ED and current fluxes, and, consequently, the ED mass-transfer resistance becomes significant. A significant gradient in ED concentration, local potential, or both can develop in the biofilm anode, and the biomass actively respires only where ED concentration and local potential are high. When kappa(bio) is relatively large (i.e., > or =10(-3) mS cm(-1)), active biomass can persist up to tens of micrometers away from the anode. Increases in biofilm thickness and accumulation of inert biomass accentuate dual limitation and reduce the current density. These limitations can be alleviated with increases in the specific detachment rate and biofilm density.  相似文献   

14.
Aim: To evaluate the bioenergy generation and the microbial community structure from palm oil mill effluent using microbial fuel cell. Methods and Results: Microbial fuel cells enriched with palm oil mill effluent (POME) were employed to harvest bioenergy from both artificial wastewater containing acetate and complex POME. The microbial fuel cell (MFC) showed maximum power density of 3004 mW m?2 after continuous feeding with artificial wastewater containing acetate substrate. Subsequent replacement of the acetate substrate with complex substrate of POME recorded maximum power density of 622 mW m?2. Based on 16S rDNA analyses, relatively higher abundance of Deltaproteobacteria (88·5%) was detected in the MFCs fed with acetate artificial wastewater as compared to POME. Meanwhile, members of Gammaproteobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria codominated the microbial consortium of the MFC fed with POME with 21, 20 and 18·5% abundances, respectively. Conclusions: Enriched electrochemically active bacteria originated from POME demonstrated potential to generate bioenergy from both acetate and complex POME substrates. Further improvements including the development of MFC systems that are able to utilize both fermentative and nonfermentative substrates in POME are needed to maximize the bioenergy generation. Significance and Impact of the Study: A better understanding of microbial structure is critical for bioenergy generation from POME using MFC. Data obtained in this study improve our understanding of microbial community structure in conversion of POME to electricity.  相似文献   

15.
Feasibility of using chocolate industry wastewater as a substrate for electricity generation using activated sludge as a source of microorganisms was investigated in two-chambered microbial fuel cell. The maximum current generated with membrane and salt bridge MFCs was 3.02 and 2.3 A/m2, respectively, at 100 Ω external resistance, whereas the maximum current generated in glucose powered MFC was 3.1 A/m2. The use of chocolate industry wastewater in cathode chamber was promising with 4.1 mA current output. Significant reduction in COD, BOD, total solids and total dissolved solids of wastewater by 75%, 65%, 68%, 50%, respectively, indicated effective wastewater treatment in batch experiments. The 16S rDNA analysis of anode biofilm and suspended cells revealed predominance of β-Proteobacteria clones with 50.6% followed by unclassified bacteria (9.9%), α-Proteobacteria (9.1%), other Proteobacteria (9%), Planctomycetes (5.8%), Firmicutes (4.9%), Nitrospora (3.3%), Spirochaetes (3.3%), Bacteroides (2.4%) and γ-Proteobacteria (0.8%). Diverse bacterial groups represented as members of the anode chamber community.  相似文献   

16.
    
Globally, sustainable provision of high‐quality safe water is a major challenge of the 21st century. Various chemical and biological monitoring analytics are presently utilized to guarantee the availability of high‐quality water. However, these techniques still face some challenges including high costs, complex design and onsite and online limitations. The recent technology of using microbial fuel cell (MFC)‐based biosensors holds outstanding potential for the rapid and real‐time monitoring of water source quality. MFCs have the advantages of simplicity in design and efficiency for onsite sensing. Even though some sensing applications of MFCs were previously studied, e.g. biochemical oxygen demand sensor, recently numerous research groups around the world have presented new practical applications of this technique, which combine multidisciplinary scientific knowledge in materials science, microbiology and electrochemistry fields. This review presents the most updated research on the utilization of MFCs as potential biosensors for monitoring water quality and considers the range of potentially toxic analytes that have so far been detected using this methodology. The advantages of MFCs over established technology are also considered as well as future work required to establish their routine use.  相似文献   

17.
微生物燃料电池在环境污染治理研究中的应用进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
近年来,微生物燃料电池(Microbial fuel cells,MFCs)研究得到了迅速发展。由于可以将可生物降解有机物的化学能直接转化为电能,MFCs在环境污染治理及生物产电方面具有良好的应用前景。本文将全面介绍和总结MFCs在环境污染治理中的研究及应用,其中包括脱氮、脱硫、有机污染物降解、重金属污染治理以及垃圾渗滤液处理等方面。此外,本文还提出MFCs在研究及应用过程中存在的主要问题,并对其研究前景进行展望。  相似文献   

18.
近年来,微生物燃料电池已引起了广泛关注,它将低能量废水和木质纤维素生物质等有机废物转化为电能。在将来,微生物电能将成为一种重要的生物能源,因为微生物燃料电池提供了一种复合有机物和可再生生物能源中提取电能的可行性。人们研究了许多物质,以考察其是否能作为微生物电能转化的底物。这些物质包括人工的和天然废物,以及木质纤维素生物质。尽管现在微生物燃料电池提供的电流和功率较低,但是随着技术的发展和对微生物燃料电池系统的深入了解,微生物燃料电池转化的电流和电力将极大增加,从而向世人提供了一种可以将纤维素生物质和废水直接转化为有用能源的有效方法。本文介绍了迄今为止在微生物燃料电池中用到的各种反应底物,并对它们的应用效率和存在的不足进行了分析。  相似文献   

19.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号