CNTF对烧伤大鼠血清引起大鼠海马神经元细胞毒性的影响

应用整体和离体神经元培养,观察CNTF对烧伤大鼠海马神经元及烧伤血清引起海马神经元损伤的影响,结果表明,大鼠烧伤后海马组织神经元数目减少,NO含量升高;烧伤大鼠血清可引起培养的海马神经元细胞存活率下降,培养液中NO含量升高;CNTF能降低烧伤大鼠海马组织中NO的含量,保护海马神经元,并能提高培养的海马神经元的存活率,减少培养液中NO含量,其作用呈剂量依赖性;CNTF对神经元存活率的影响与NO含量呈显著负相关,提示CNTF对烧伤大鼠血清引起的海马神经元损伤有保护作用,其作用机制可能是通过抑制NO的神经毒性。     

CNTF对NMDA引起大鼠海马神经元蛋白激酶C核转位的影响

目的：探讨睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)对N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)引起大鼠海马神经元蛋白激酶C(PKC)发生核转位的影响。方法：以NMDA及CNTF处理原代培养的大鼠海马神经元,PKCγ、免疫细胞化学并结合图象分析方法测定PKC阳性神经元胞核的灰度。结果：①给予不同浓度NMDA处理不同时间后,神经元核内有不同程度的PKCγ及PKCε表达,其中以100μmol／L NMDA 30min组表现尤为显著;②CNTF 500μmol／L NMDA组神经元胞核PKC灰度与对照组相似。结论：NMDA可引起海马神经元PKCγ、PKCε的核转位,而CNTF则抑制其转位的发生,提示CNTF对海马神经元的保护作用与抑制PKC的核转位右关。     

大鼠尾壳核衰老变化定量分析：Ⅰ,乙酰胆碱（Ach）系统

应用二异丙基氟磷酸(DFP)控制的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)药物组化染色显示大鼠尾壳核AChE。图像分析系统测定结果表明:老年大鼠(26—27月龄)尾壳核内胆碱能神经元面积、数目及AChE合成速率均较成年大鼠(3—4月龄)减小。这些现象可能是衰老大鼠尾壳核胆碱能神经元功能障碍的生物学基础。     

CNTF对NMDA引起大鼠海马神经元NOS活性改变的影响

为探讨CNTF对NMDA引起大鼠海马神经元一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)表达的作用,以不同浓度的NMDA处理海马神经元,倒置显微镜下观察其形态,并以nNOS免疫细胞化学结合图象分析方法测定nNOS神经元胞体的灰度,揭示NMDA对NOS活性的影响以及在此过程中CNTF发挥的作用。发现(1)NMDA可引起海马神经元的毒性反应,且呈剂量依赖性和时间依赖性;(2)100μmmol/L NMDA 10min组nNOS神经元胞体的灰度值大于对照组(P＜0．01);(3)在NMDA处理前给予CNTF,nNOS神经元的胞体及阳性突起的表现与对照组相似。提示CNTF可能通过抑制nNOS的活性及NO的渗出而减弱NMDA对神经元的毒性作用。     

三七皂苷Rg1对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤海马部位保护作用机制的研究

本文探讨三七皂苷Rg1对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠海马部位的脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derivedneurotrophic factor,BDNF)阳性蛋白的含量和阳性神经元数目是否具有上调作用。实验结果表明三七皂苷Rg1高、中、低剂量组和阳性对照组均能明显改善脑缺血的神经缺失症状,并能上调大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤海马部位的BDNF阳性蛋白的含量和阳性神经元数量(P<0.05);与阳性对照组(尼莫地平1 mg/kg)相比,用药7 d时,Rg1中剂量组(100 mg/kg)在改善脑缺血的神经缺失症状以及上调大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤海马部位的BDNF阳性蛋白的含量和阳性神经元数量方面,作用上强于尼莫地平(P<0.05)。三七皂苷Rg1能上调BDNF阳性蛋白的表达,通过BDNF对脑缺血再灌注神经元损伤所起的保护作用,从而发挥其对脑缺血的治疗作用,这可能是三七皂苷Rg1对脑缺血保护作用的机制之一。     

大鼠隔区接受海马一氧化氮合酶(NOS)阳性神经元的投射

目的逆行追踪大鼠海马NOS阳性神经元向隔区的投射。方法用HRP逆行追踪与NADPH-d组化方法相结合进行研究。结果背、腹、后海马均有NOS阳性神经元投射至隔区各亚细胞群,后海马NOS阳性神经元向隔外侧核(sl)、隔三角核和隔伞核(ts,sf)的投射量,占后海马至隔外侧核、隔三角核和隔伞核投射量的80％左右。结论大鼠隔区接受海马NOS神经元的投射。     

生长抑素mRNA与神经肽Y，催产素在大鼠前脑内的分布及其共存现象──地高辛标记c－RNA探针原位杂交与免疫组化联合法

本实验应用地高辛标记ｃＲＮＡ探针原位杂交组化和免疫组化联合法在同一切片上先后显示了生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ神经元和催产素神经元,生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ神经元和神经肽Ｙ神经元。结果表明生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ及神经肽Ｙ广泛地共存于大鼠的大脑新皮质,尾壳核,以及海马等处的神经元中。所有位于大脑新皮质,尾壳核处的神经肽Ｙ神经元均含有生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ,部分位于海马的神经肽Ｙ神经元含有生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ,而所有位于下丘脑弓状核,室周核的神经肽Ｙ神经元均不含有生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ;生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ与催产素虽然共同分布于下丘脑许多核区,但未见共存于同一神经元。本文对地高辛标记ｃＲＮＡ探针原位杂交组化以及它与免疫组化联合法的技术问题进行了讨论。     

人睫状神经营养因子的原核高效表达

睫状神经营养因子(ciliary neurotrophic factor,CNTF)是神经生长因子家族之外的一种神经营养因子,由200个氨基酸组成,分子量约22.86kD,等电点6.00。CNTF对睫状副交感神经元、交感神经元、感觉神经元、视网膜神经节细胞、脊髓运动神经元、海马神经元等多种中枢及外周神经元有促存活作用。CNTF也是第一个被发现的能维持在体和离体脊髓运动神经元的存活及突起生长的神经营养因子,因此在神经创伤和神经退行性病变的诊断与治疗中有巨大的临床价值。由于CNTF在天然组织中含量甚微,故用基因工程     

缺氧诱导体外培养大鼠海马神经元c-fos的表达及人重组白细胞介素-1β的影响

采用免疫组化方法,观察缺氧诱导体外培养大鼠海马神经元ｃ－ｆｏｓ的表达及人重组白细胞介素－１β（ｒｈＩＬ－１β）的影响。结果显示,缺氧后海马神经元中Ｆｏｓ染色阳性胞核的百分率随缺氧时间的延长而显著增加。图像分析的结果显示,缺氧后Ｆｏｓ染色阳性胞核的平均光密度亦随缺氧时间的延长而显著增加。经ｒｈＩＬ－１β孵育的神经元缺氧后Ｆｏｓ染色阳性胞核的百分率和Ｆｏｓ染色阳性胞核的平均光密度均明显低于对照组。本结果表明,缺氧能诱导体外培养海马神经元ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达,ｒｈＩＬ－１β能抑制缺氧神经元ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达。提示ｒｈＩＬ－１β对海马神经元缺氧损伤具有一定调控作用。     

大鼠脑内代谢型谷氨酸受体5亚型(mGluR5)定位分布的免疫细胞化学研究

本研究用免疫细胞化学技术观察了大鼠脑内参与兴奋性突触传递的代谢型谷氨酸受体5亚型(mGluR5)的精确定位分布.mGluR5阳性浓染的神经元胞体和纤维密集地分布于大脑皮质浅层、嗅球、伏核、尾壳核、前脑基底部、隔区、苍白球、腹侧苍白球、海马CA1和CA2区、下丘中央核、被盖背侧核和三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核浅层;淡染而稀疏的mGluR5阳性神经元胞体和纤维见于屏状核、终纹床核、杏仁中央核、丘脑部分核团、上丘浅灰质层、外侧丘系背侧核和延髓中央灰质.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Mink Circovirus Can Infect Minks,Foxes and Raccoon Dogs

正Dear Editor,Mink circovirus (MiCV), which is clustered in the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, was first described in minks from farms in Dalian, China in 2013 (Lian et al.2014). The complete single-stranded circular genome of the virus is 1,753 nucleotides long and contains two major open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1 (Rep gene)and ORF2 (Cap gene)(Lian et al. 2014; Ge et al. 2018).Sequence analysis has shown that MiCV is most closely     

CypA Regulates AIP4-Mediated M1 Ubiquitination of Influenza A Virus

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that interacts with the matrix protein (M1) of influenza A virus (IAV) and restricts virus replication by regulating the ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. However,the mechanism by which CypA regulates M1 ubiquitination remains unknown. In this study, we reported that E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4 promoted K48-linked ubiquitination of M1 at K102 and K104, and accelerated ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. The recombinant IAV with mutant M1 (K102 R/K104 R) could not be rescued, suggesting that the ubiquitination of M1 at K102/K104 was essential for IAV replication. Furthermore, CypA inhibited AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination by impairing the interaction between AIP4 and M1. More importantly, both the mutations of M1 (K102 R/K104 R) and CypA inhibited the nuclear export of M1, indicating that CypA regulates the cellular localization of M1 via inhibition of AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination at K102 and K104, which results in the reduced replication of IAV.Collectively, our findings reveal a novel ubiquitination-based mechanism by which CypA regulates the replication of IAV.