鲤鱼年生殖周期斯坦尼氏小体重量和超微结构的变化

对鲤鱼 (Cyprinuscarpio)性腺指数 [GI ,(性腺重 /体重 )× 10 2 ]和斯坦尼氏小体 (corpuscleofStannius ,CS)指数 [CSI ,(CS重 /体重 )× 10 6],以及CS超微结构的变化做了一个年周期的跟踪观察。CSI与GI呈正相关 ;按囊泡和分泌细胞超微结构的变化 ,CS的生长期、分泌期和萎缩期在年周期中逐步演替。这种演替与光镜观察结果一致 ,提示与鲤鱼的繁殖周期密切相关。     

在斯钙素的研究进展

本文概述了近年来有关硬骨鱼类斯坦尼氏小体分泌激素－－斯钙素的研究进展。ＳＴＣ是糖蛋白类激素,为同型二聚全,其表观分子量在天然状态下从４６（大麻哈鱼）－５６（虹鳟）ｋＤａ,还原状态下则为２３－２８ｋＤａ,ＳＴＣ单体的氨基序列分析表明,大麻哈鱼、银大麻便和澳大利亚鳗鲡的氨基酸残基数分别为１７９、２２３和２３１个。研究还表明,ＳＴＣ的分泌受血钙浓度的晴天有神经参与ＳＴＣ的释放。     

鱼类斯钙素的研究进展

本文概述了近年来有关硬骨鱼类斯坦尼氏小体（ｃｏｒｐｕｓｃｌｅｓｏｆＳｔａｎｎｉｕｓ,ＣＳ）分泌激素———斯钙素（ｓｔａｎｎｉｏｃａｌｃｉｎ,ＳＴＣ）的研究进展。ＳＴＣ是糖蛋白类激素,为同型二聚体,其表观分子量在天然状态下从４６（大麻哈鱼）～５６（虹鳟）ｋＤａ,还原状态下则为２３～２８ｋＤａ。ＳＴＣ单体的氨基酸序列分析表明,大麻哈鱼、银大麻哈鱼和澳大利亚鳗鲡的氨基酸残基数分别为１７９、２２３和２３１个。研究还表明,ＳＴＣ的分泌受血钙浓度的调节,并且胆碱能神经参与ＳＴＣ的释放。     

鲤鱼卵黄发生期血钙水平调节初步研究

在雌鲤卵黄发生期的10月～次年1月和斯坦氏小体(CS)发育静止期进行升高细胞外钙浓度实验,分别用OCPC法测定血浆钙水平的变化,超微结构观察CS的组织学变化.结果表明,鲤鱼血钙水平在卵黄发生期存在一定性别差异,雄鲤水平普遍低于雌鲤,在11月达显著性水平.升高细胞外钙浓度的各处理组中CS的超微结构发生了不同程度的变化,均表现为细胞代谢活动增强.     

心钠素对培养兔血管平滑肌细胞钙内流的影响

心钠素(ANP)是由心脏分泌的具有利尿利钠降压作用的循环激素,参与体内水、电解质平衡的调节,这一作用是由细胞内第二信使两cGMP介导的。近年来发现ANP可影响细胞钙转运,具有天然钙通道阻断剂样作用,可能参与细胞钙稳态调节,但其机理尚不清楚。本工作在培养兔主动脉平滑肌细胞(VSMC)上,观察ANP对内皮素(ET)及高钙引起的细胞钙转运的影响,以探讨ANP和细胞钙转运的关系。     

鳗鲡繁殖生物学研究Ⅳ．人工催熟过程中下海鳗鲡的GtH分泌活动、性腺发育状况和脑垂体GtH细胞的超显微结构

雌二醇通过正反馈作用能促进脑垂体促性腺激素(GtH)细胞的合成活动,使脑垂体GtH水平显著升高。促黄体素释放激素的类似物(LHRH-A)和利血平(reserpine,RES)能促进脑垂体GtH细胞的分泌活动,使血液中GtH含量显著升高。鲤垂体、人体绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)和LHRH—A三种激素混合进行多次注射能诱导雌雄鳗鲡性腺发育成熟,其催熟效果明显优于它们的分别单独多次注射或者鲤鱼脑垂体和HCG的多次注射,表明外源的和内源的促性腺激素对于诱导鳗鲡性腺发育成熟都是重要的。鳗鲡脑垂体GtH细胞超显微结构的观察证实它们在激素诱导性腺发育成熟过程中处于活跃的合成与分泌状态。     

钙敏感受体在骨代谢中的研究进展

钙敏感受体感受细胞外的钙离子水平,调控一系列激素的释放以维持机体的钙稳态。钙稳态的调节过程与骨代谢相偶联,钙敏感受体通过直接或间接对破骨和成骨细胞的调控,动员或者抑制骨钙入血。虽然钙敏感受体已被证实调控骨代谢,但是详尽的调控机制仍在不断探究中。目前认为细胞外的高钙水平会激活钙敏感受体,抑制甲状旁腺激素分泌并促进降钙素释放,进而破骨细胞被抑制,成骨细胞动员,增加了骨质合成。本文就近年来关于钙敏感受体调控骨代谢的研究进展作一综述,为促进钙敏感受体及相关作用因子治疗骨代谢疾病的研究提供参考。     

鱼类促性腺激素分泌的调节机理和高效新型鱼类催产剂

鱼类和其他脊椎动物一样,由下丘脑—脑垂体—性腺轴调节整个生殖活动,其中由脑垂体合成与分泌的促性腺激素(GtH)起着十分重要的作用。在一定环境条件影响和下丘脑的调控作用支配下,使脑垂体GtH的合成与释放活动增强,它作用于性腺组织而诱导性类固醇激素的产生,进而促使配子发育成熟和排精与排卵。因此,长期以来都是使用外源的GtH,如鲤鱼(或其他鱼类)脑垂体匀浆液或粗提的人体绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)作为鱼类人工繁殖的催产剂。这些催产剂虽有较好效果,但来源有限,成本高,亲鱼易产生抗药性,催产后死亡     

钙通道与钙释放通道

1.Ca~(2+)的重要生理作用胞内游离钙浓度([Ca~(2+)])的变化调节着细胞的代谢、基因表达等细胞共有的活动,以及始动兴奋、收缩或出胞分泌以及激活和失活离子通道等细胞不同的反应。[Ca~(2+)]的升高主要依赖于胞外钙经质膜上的钙通道内流或/和胞内储存钙的释放。释放的内钙也是藉细胞器膜的钙释放通道进入胞浆。可见通道启闭活动的正常是维持[Ca~(2+)]正常的一个重要保证。2.离子通道及其分类离子通道是贯穿于质膜或细胞器膜的大分子蛋白质,其中央形成能通过离子的亲水性孔道(pores)。离子的跨膜转运是通过膜上通道蛋白的功能来完     

鲤鱼斯氏小体匀浆液对小鼠血浆钙和磷含量的影响

斯氏小体 (ｃｏｒｐｕｓｃｌｅｓｏｆＳｔａｎｎｉｕｓ,ＣＳ)是硬骨鱼类独有的内分泌腺 ,其分泌的斯钙素 (ｓｔａｎｎｉｏｃａｌｃｉｎ ,ＳＴＣ)具有抑制鱼类鳃、肠的钙转运和促进肾小管对磷酸盐的重吸收以调节钙、磷代谢的作用。现已证实 ,人和哺乳动物中也存在有ＳＴＣ ,其生理作用表现在抑制肠对钙的吸收、促进肠对磷酸盐的吸收及促进肾小管对磷酸盐的重吸收以调节钙、磷代谢 ,并且对鱼的鳃钙转运也有抑制作用。那么鱼类ＣＳ分泌物能否对哺乳动物的钙、磷代谢产生影响呢 ?鱼类ＣＳ匀浆液对大鼠血清钙、磷含量的影响已有报道 ,而鱼类ＣＳ…     

Investigation of the Accompaniment of Calcium During Active Calcium Transport from Human Erythrocyte Ghosts

To determine whether a cell metabolite was involved in active calcium transport, the cell contents of human erythrocytes were subjected to high dilutions and the resultant ghosts were checked for their ability to actively transport calcium. It was found that the diluted erythrocyte ghosts did retain their capacity to actively transport calcium and that the characteristics of this transport process appeared to be unaltered by the high dilutions. Calcium analysis of the cell membrane and cell supernatant indicated that almost all of the calcium was lost from the cell solution rather than the cell membrane as active calcium transport proceeded. Therefore it appeared that calcium was able to cross the cell membrane without the aid of a cell metabolite. Investigations with layered erythrocytes indicated that the active transport of calcium was not assisted by centrifugation. Neither inorganic phosphate, pyrophosphate, nor an adenine nucleotide appeared to accompany calcium across the membrane as indicated by total phosphate and inorganic phosphate analysis and 260-nm readings of the deproteinized supernatant.     

Calcium clamp of the intracellular environment

Quantitative analysis of the effects of calcium on cell function requires methods for altering intracellular free Ca in a precise and reproducible manner. Microinjection of Ca is very unreliable largely because of the powerful Ca-binding properties of cytoplasm. Much more satisfactory are microinjection of Ca-buffers - provided enough buffer is introduced - and various forms of intracellular dialysis and perfusion which permit full equilibration of the cell interior with a defined artificial intracellular environment.     

Calcium and the plant cytoskeleton

Abstract. The regulation of the plant cytoskeleton by the concentration of free ionized Ca²⁺ in the cytosol is discussed. The effect is illustrated by considering the role of Ca²⁺ in regulating cytoplasmic streaming in Physarum and characean algae, and flagellar beating in Chlamydomonas . Examples are given of cytoskeletal processes in other plant cells that may be Ca²⁺ -regulated, together with an appraisal of some technical difficulties that currently limit their study.     

Calcium gradients and the Golgi

Changes in intracellular free calcium regulate many intracellular processes. With respect to the secretory pathway and the Golgi apparatus, changes in calcium concentration occurring either in the adjacent cytosol or within the lumen of the Golgi act to regulate Golgi function. Conversely, the Golgi sequesters calcium to shape cytosolic calcium signals as well as initiate them by releasing calcium via inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP(3)) receptors, located on Golgi membranes. Local calcium transients juxtaposed to the Golgi (arising from release by the Golgi or other organelles) can activate calcium dependent signalling molecules located on or around the Golgi. This review focuses on the reciprocal relationship between the cell biology of the Golgi apparatus and intracellular calcium homeostasis.