老年急性主动脉夹层26例诊治体会

目的 探讨老年急性主动脉夹层(AAD)的临床早期诊断、误诊情况及误诊原因,提出早期诊断依据及误诊防范对策.方法 回顾性分析26例老年AAD误诊的临床资料.结果 老年AAD患者因基础疾病多,对疼痛不敏感、对疾病重视不够,常以并发症为首诊,且在首诊时易误诊为急性冠脉综合征、急腹症、脑血管病等.结论 首诊医师应提高对本病的认识,对老年病人出现不典型临床表现时应考虑AAD的可能,及时选择合适的特异影像检查方法,从而减少误诊、漏诊,改善患者预后.     

转诊患者对分级医疗服务体系构建的认知行为分析

目的 探讨转诊患者对上下级医疗机构医疗服务、转诊服务的认知行为及其影响因素,以期明确“患者角度”医疗服务体系存在的问题,并提出构建与优化分级医疗服务体系的建议。方法 分别在东、中、西地区选择有转诊经验的患者为样本,收集其基本情况、健康状况、就诊行为、对双向转诊的认知、满意度情况及其评价等信息,运用卡方检验、秩和检验和ordinal logistic进行分析。结果 82.7%的患者赞成疾病首诊应在基层医疗机构,但缺乏对基层医疗机构的信任。在患者看来,提高基层医务人员水平和医疗费用报销比例是影响其择医的主要因素。患者对医疗机构间转诊制度满意程度受地区、患者年龄、就医方便程度、转诊过程的方便程度等因素影响。结论 患者对于分级医疗的认识存在误区,且对基层医疗机构明显缺乏信任感。应从改善基层医疗机构服务能力、加强信息引导和健康教育、梯度化医疗保险制度等方面优化分级医疗体系建设。     

深化家庭医生首诊职能的分析与实践

目的 深化家庭医生首诊职能的实施。方法 设立激励机制，赋予家庭医生使用三级医疗机构资源的权限，对通过家庭医生首诊的患者给予优先处理措施，向家庭医生反馈患者就诊信息。结果 接受家庭医生首诊的55名患者对服务的评价较为积极。结论 三级医疗机构和社区卫生服务中心均能够通过家庭医生首诊的实施获益。     

2 152例门诊发热患者情况分析

目的 分析2152例门诊发热患者情况,探讨发热患者年龄分布;发热疾病的比率;呼吸道传染病对发热患者门诊就诊率的影响以及就诊前后用药情况。方法2152例患者为2003年5月～2004年5月在大连市开发区医院成人发热门诊就诊的全部发热患者,统计发热患者的平均年龄及性别差异;计算门诊初步诊断各疾病占总发热患者的百分率;计算发热患者占总门诊量的百分率;分析呼吸道传染病对发热患者门诊就诊率的影响;统计发热患者来院前的用药情况及门诊用药情况。结果 成人发热门诊患者,年龄15～90岁,平均年龄26．37岁;其中男性1150例女性1002例,各占总发热患者的53．44％、46．56oA;发热患者占同期医院总门诊量的0．82％,在“SARS”严重的2003年5、6月和禽流感流行的2004年1月发热患者分别占各月总门诊量的3．71％、2．51％、1．31％;发热患者中首诊为急性上呼吸道感染1379例,占总发热患者的64．03％,其中扁桃体炎397例,占急性上呼吸道感染的28．79％;其他发热患者首诊依次为急性胃肠炎157例,肺炎148例,支气管炎40例,肺结核20例,泌尿系感染8例,急性阑尾炎8例,妇科炎症5例,其他皮肤感染、疥、痛等明确原因的18例（其中流脑1例）,首诊未明确发热原因的18例。发热患者中WBC升高的348例,占总发热患者的16．17％;来院就诊前应用抗炎退热药者528例,占总发热患者的24．54％;在院静点抗菌药物者l052例,占总发热患者的48．88％,其中应用喹诺酮者529例,占总用药患者的50．28％,应用大环内脂类的511例（主要为阿奇霉素）,占总用药患者的48．57％,应用氨基糖苷类的8例,应用β-内酰胺类的4例;在用药者中,联合其他中成药或抗病毒药者122例,占总用药患者的11．59％。结论 成人门诊发热患者以青壮年为主,男性略多于女性;呼吸道传染病的流行大大增强了人们对发热的重视程度,到医院发热门诊就诊人数明显增多;在门诊就诊的发热患者中以急性上呼吸道感染为主,其他依次为急性胃肠炎、肺炎、支气管炎、肺结核等;门诊发热患者并非以细菌感染为主;患者就诊前、后不合理应用抗菌药物情况相当严重。     

63例非典型急性下壁心肌梗死临床分析

目的：研究评价各种常见诱因对急性下壁心肌梗死（IAMI）患者误诊判断的临床意义。方法：选择2002年1月-2009年12月我院急门诊IAMI患者63例,对其首发症状、心电图资料进行回顾性分析。结果：63例中,以头晕乏力首诊19例（30．16％）,以晕厥首诊11例（17．46％）,以上腹痛伴恶心呕吐,偶腹泻首诊13例（20．63％）,以咽痛或牙痛首诊10例（15．87％）,以呼吸困难首诊8例（12．70％）,以左心衰竭首诊2例（3．17％）。结论：对急性下壁心肌梗死患者,常规心电图检查是必要的。再结合心肌坏死生化标志物指标,早诊断,早治疗。     

卤米松乳膏联合转移因子治疗白癜风疗效观察

目的:观察卤米松乳膏联合转移因子治疗白癜风临床疗效.方法:78例白癜风患者随机分为治疗组40例,对照组38例.治疗组外用0.05％卤米松乳膏及口服转移因子胶囊,对照组仅单纯外用0.05％卤米松乳膏.两组均同时服用甘草锌颗粒.观察疗程3个月.结果:治疗组有效率65.0％,对照组有效率50.00％,两组差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:外用0.05％卤米松乳膏及口服转移因子治疗白癜风效果更好.     

中青年慢性乙型肝炎患者心理干预的临床效果分析

目的:研究中青年慢性乙型肝炎患者的个性特征和心理状态,探讨适合患者的心理护理方法.方法:将100例中青年慢性乙型肝炎患者随机分为干预组和对照组,每组50例,两组在应用传统保肝治疗同时,对照组给予常规护理治疗,而干预组依照患者的一般资料,艾森克人格问卷测得的患者的个性特征,SCL-90测评的患者的心理状态,实施相应的心理护理,内容包括相关知识教育、支持性心理护理、音乐心理护理以及睡眠心理护理.两组均治疗六个月,通过对干预组和对照组治疗效果及护理满意度的比较,探讨适合中青年慢性乙型肝炎患者的心理护理方法.结果:中青年慢性乙型肝炎患者具有特殊的个性特征和心理状态,其气质类型以抑郁质和胆汁质占多数,并且不同性别、年龄、职业的患者其个性特征不同,其心理状态也不同.干预组的治疗效果和护理满意度评分明显高于对照组,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:心理护理按照患者的不同个性特征和心理状态制定,能够有效减轻抑郁、焦虑等症状,缓解心理压力,稳定情绪,提高睡眠质量,有利于疾病的治疗.     

恙虫病并多器官功能障碍125例误诊原因分析及护理对策

目的分析恙虫病并发多器官功能障碍的误诊原因,为提高恙虫病诊治和护理水平,减少恙虫病导致多脏器损害提供依据。方法对2009年1月~2013年12月广西医科大学第一附属医院确诊的恙虫病并多器官功能障碍患者125例的临床资料进行统计分析。结果 125例患者发病初期主要症状表现为发热、呼吸系统症状、消化系统症状、头痛、皮疹等,主要误诊为不明原因发热(75.2%)、肺炎(7.2%)、上呼吸道感染(8.8%)等疾病。误诊漏诊的首诊医院发生在乡镇卫生院45例(36%),县级医院37例(29.6%),私人诊所22例(17.6%),市级医院20例(16%),省级医院1例(0.8%);其中16例救治无效死亡。结论恙虫病临床表现多样,误诊率高,易导致多器官功能障碍甚至死亡。误诊的医疗机构主要为县级以下的基层医院,因此非常有必要针对性加强县、乡级医疗单位恙虫病诊治知识培训;同时护理工作中要密切观察,加强对器官功能损害的护理,以降低恙虫病的误诊率及死亡率。     

心理辅助治疗在机械通气治疗中的作用

目的:了解心理辅助治疗对于机械通气患者治疗过程中的重要作用.方法:对收治的38例机械通气患者在常规治基础上进行心理及行为观察分析,分别给与相应的个体化的心理辅助治疗方案.结果:在了解机械通气患者的心理特点、心理动态及提高医护人员的诊疗水平,给患者个性化的护理,制定有效的诊疗计划,对保持患者良好的心理状态,促进早日康复是很有意义的.结论:心理辅助治疗是对于机械通气患者有重要作用     

63例非典型急性下壁心肌梗死临床分析

目的:研究评价各种常见诱因对急性下壁心肌梗死(IAMI)患者误诊判断的临床意义。方法:选择2002年1月～2009年12月我院急门诊IAMI患者63例,对其首发症状、心电图资料进行回顾性分析。结果:63例中,以头晕乏力首诊19例(30.16%),以晕厥首诊11例(17.46%),以上腹痛伴恶心呕吐,偶腹泻首诊13例(20.63%),以咽痛或牙痛首诊10例(15.87%),以呼吸困难首诊8例(12.70%),以左心衰竭首诊2例(3.17%)。结论:对急性下壁心肌梗死患者,常规心电图检查是必要的。再结合心肌坏死生化标志物指标,早诊断,早治疗。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.