伏立康唑首次成功治疗难治性面部Majocchi肉芽肿1例并文献复习

目的首次报道伏立康唑成功治疗1例红色毛癣菌引起的顽固性面部Majocchi肉芽肿,分析患者的临床表现、病理特点、真菌学检查及分子生物学鉴定结果,并总结英文报道病例。方法患者男,50岁,因面部浸润性红斑溃疡5a就诊,取患处皮损进行组织病理学检查、真菌学检查、药物敏感试验及PCR检测。结果诊断:红色毛癣菌致面部Majocchi肉芽肿。治疗:伏立康唑静脉治疗2周改伏立康唑片剂口服,治疗4个月后患者原有皮损基本消退,真菌学阴性,无不良反应。结论 Majocchi肉芽肿临床罕见,复杂难治,疗程长,易反复,严重影响患者生活质量,我们首次应用伏立康唑成功治疗顽固性Majocchi肉芽肿,为临床治疗难治性Majocchi肉芽肿提供新的诊疗经验。     

实习医生规范化诊疗流行性出血热常见错误及对策探讨

目的:探讨实习医生规范化诊疗流行性出血热常见错误,并总结相关对策,为提高实习医生对流行性出血热诊断正确率提供可靠依据,保障患者疗效及生活质量。方法:对77例流行性出血热患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,内容包括误诊情况、临床表现、实验室检查项目及结果、治疗措施、治疗结果等。结果:77例流行性出血热患者经治疗后73例患者成功治愈出院,所占比例为94.81%;4例患者死亡,死亡率为5.19%。4例死亡患者均为临床误诊后未及时采用流行性出血热疾病对症治疗措施,贻误治疗时机导致死亡,死亡原因为1例严重休克、1例并发严重败血症、2例急性心力衰竭。结论:实习医生应根据患者临床表现,排除相似疾病类型,结合临床各种实验室检查结果,对患者病情进行综合判断,从而提高流行性出血热诊断正确率,降低误诊、漏诊几率,提高患者治疗效果,保障其生命安全。     

43例术后疑似急性肺栓塞分析

目的:探讨影响术后急性肺栓塞(Acute Pulmonary Embolism,APE)的发生和预后的相关因素,以提高对术后肺栓塞的认识和诊疗水平。方法:收集2009.01-2014.12期间南方医院术后疑似急性肺栓塞患者的临床资料,总结其临床特征,分析其诱发因素、临床表现、治疗和预后,探讨其发病的高危因素。结果:共收集术后疑似肺栓塞43例,平均年龄56.09±14.08岁(17~80岁),明确诊断为肺栓塞15例(34.9%),共死亡20例(死亡率46.5%)。其临床表现和体征均具有非特异性,呼吸困难、心悸和晕厥是主要的临床表现。不仅可以发生于下肢、胸腹部(包括妇产科)、颅内等大手术后,也可能发生在介入栓塞术后。相关危险因素很多,包括性别、年龄、恶性肿瘤、全身麻醉、手术时间长等。具有高危因素的患者并具有可疑肺栓塞的临床表现时,结合D-二聚体、动脉血气分析、心电图、胸部X线、超声心动图、下肢彩超可检查协助APE的诊断,而胸部增强CT作为检查手段有利于明确诊断。结论:肺栓塞是手术后致命的并发症之一,早期诊断、早期治疗,能降低术后肺栓塞患者的死亡率。     

肺结核合并肺癌患者的临床分析

目的:探讨肺结核合并肺癌的临床特点,提高临床医师诊断肺结核合并肺癌的警惕性.方法:对2000年1月至2009年12月在我院诊断为肺结核、肺结核合并肺癌、肺癌患者各40例进行回顾性分析.结果:三组之间的临床表现与实验室检查进行相互比较,发现其临床表现并无统计学差异,影像学与支气管镜检查有明显统计学差异外,其他实验室检查无差异.结论:结核合并肺癌与肺结核、肺癌等临床表现、实验室检查近似,易造成漏诊、误诊,临床医师应提高警惕,及时行影像学及支气管镜等检查.     

急性淋巴细胞白血病患者侵袭性头状地霉感染1例及文献回顾

目的:通过报道1例急性淋巴细胞白血病患者侵袭性头状地霉感染的临床资料,并结合文献探讨头状地霉感染的临床特点、有效的诊断及治疗方法。方法:报道国内首例急性淋巴细胞白血病患者化疗后骨髓抑制期感染头状地霉病例,并对该病的诊断及治疗等进行系统文献回顾。结果:该白血病患者经血培养证实为头状地霉感染,并累及肺脏、肝脏和皮肤,治疗过程中先后采用卡泊芬净、脂质体两性霉素B和脂质体两性霉素B联合伏立康唑等治疗,虽然脂质体两性霉素B联合伏立康唑治疗患者体温正常,临床症状稍有改善,但是患者在化疗后40天放弃治疗并死于心肺功能衰竭。结论:头状地霉感染的发病率低,临床症状不够典型,诊断困难,预后差。根据患者的临床表现,结合血培养、GM实验、G实验和CT扫描等检查,可有助于诊断。头状地霉感染尚无非常有效的治疗方式,采用脂质体两性霉素B或两性霉素B联合伏立康唑或其他新的抗真菌药物可能获得一定的疗效,早期诊断、早期联合治疗和患者早期脱离粒缺状态是治疗成功的关键。     

放线菌与诺卡菌所致感染性皮肤肉芽肿的鉴别诊断及治疗

感染性肉芽肿是一类慢性增生性炎症。放线菌和诺卡菌所致感染性肉芽肿实属少见,但两者临床症状、体征相似,易误诊或漏诊。本文报道1例放线菌与1例诺卡菌所致皮肤感染性肉芽肿,通过皮肤组织病理学检查、细菌培养、生化鉴定及细菌分子生物学检测,最终明确诊断。进一步分析2种感染的病因学、流行病学、临床表现、诊断和鉴别诊断及治疗,并结合最新研究进展,可帮助临床医师更好地认识放线菌属细菌所致感染性皮肤肉芽肿,以便于及时诊断、及时治疗。这2种感染有很多相似之处,也有各自特点,需临床医师求同存异,仔细鉴别;还需与其他感染性肉芽肿如皮肤结核、孢子丝菌病或着色芽生菌病等鉴别诊断。     

2型糖尿病继发Fournier坏疽的诊断及治疗

目的:总结2型糖尿病、糖尿病酮症酸中毒继发Foumier坏疽的诊断及治疗经验.方法:回顾性分析2型糖尿病、糖尿病酮症酸中毒继发Foumier坏疽患者的主要症状及诊治情况,结合文献对该病的临床表现、诊断、治疗及预后进行讨论.结果:患者经控制血糖、外科清创、抗感染等综合治疗后痊愈.结论:早期诊断,良好控制血糖,纠正酸中毒,彻底清创,联合应用抗生素治疗等全身综合治疗,是治愈本病的关键.     

外科急腹症48例临床诊疗分析

目的:探讨外科急腹症的早期诊断与治疗,以便总结经验,提高治愈率,降低致残率与病死率。方法:回顾性分析48例外科急腹症诊治的临床资料。结果:急诊手术40例,经严密观察后手术8例,术后并发症11例,治愈44例,死亡4例。结论:外科急腹症的诊断应结合病史,体征及辅助检查等综合判断。对其早期确诊与及时处置和手术治疗是降低病死率的关键。     

头颅CT、头颅MRI 在结核性脑膜炎诊断中应用

结核性脑膜炎是中枢神经系统感染性疾病中常见病,且致死率、致残率都很高.结核性脑膜炎的临床表现具有非特异性性,因此临床上容易引起误诊、漏诊.目前结核性脑膜炎的诊断主要是依据临床资料,脑脊液检查、生化及病原学和影像学检查等综合诊断方法.早期诊断及治疗和结核性脑膜炎的预后有着密切的关系,提高早期诊断是改善结核性脑膜炎顸后关键.头颅CT、头颅MR在结核性脑膜炎诊断中有着重要的作用,对结核性脑膜炎的诊断可提供重要的价值.本文就头颅CT及头颅MR在结核性脑膜炎中的作用做一综述.     

颅内静脉系统血栓形成6 例临床分析

目的:探讨颅内静脉系统血栓形成(CVT)的临床表现、影像学特征以及治疗方法对临床诊断的意义。方法:回顾性分析首都医科大学宣武医院收治的6例CVT患者的临床表现及影像学特征与治疗方法。结果:6例临床表现无特殊,4例经MRI+MRV确诊,3例DSA检查确诊,1例介入治疗,4例抗凝治疗,2例保守,无死亡患者。结论:静脉系统血栓形成临床症状缺乏特异性,临床遇到急性起病的头痛、呕吐,伴或不伴有局灶性神经功能缺损或癫痫发作、意识障碍的青中年人,应高度怀疑CVT。早期应用抗凝、溶栓等治疗方法,对改善预后具有较高的临床应用价值。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.