鹅观草属与披碱草属属界划分的酯酶和过氧化物酶同工酶比较研究

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法对鹅观草属6种2变种、披碱草属6种以及作为对照的冰草属5种植物的酯酶和过氧化物酶同工酶进行了比较研宄,并根据酶谱的相似性指标,用数量分类中常用的排列方法对所分析的植物进行了二维排序。实验结果表明,尽管鹅观草属与披碱草属表现出具有较冰草属更近的亲缘关系,但二者之间仍存在着明显的界限。因此,本文资料支持将该二属分别作为独立的属对待。本文还讨论了同工酶资料与上述三属植物属下组的划分以及将排序的方法应用于同工酶谱定量分析的分类学意义。     

禾本科牧草的同工酶分析

本文分析了23种禾本科牧草的酯酶同工酶和过氧化物酶同工酶。结果表明,如果统一取材标准及实验条件严格,酶谱资料是稳定可比较的,有一定的系统分类价值。酶谱并结合其它资料证明了成立鼠茅属(Vulpia)的合理性。酶谱资料还表明,黑麦草属(Lolium)可能是小麦族和羊茅族相互联系的桥梁。根据酶谱距离的资料,讨论了小麦族的某些属间关系。例如,作者发现,酶谱资料显示出鹅观草属与披碱草属赖草与披碱草属之间有更近的亲缘关系。     

河南木兰属9种植物过氧化物同工酶分析

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳系统,测定了河南木兰属8种、1变种50多份的成熟叶片材料的过氧化物同工酶酶谱。测定结果表明,该属植物9种、变种的酶谱均有差异性,每种、变种均有特征酶谱,种间酶谱显著大于种内酶谱,根据其酶谱差异性,可以进行生物种、变种的鉴别和良种的选择。为免除其酶带Rf单一指标,鉴别生物种、变种可能出现的问题,作者创立了"酶谱多指标综合判断距离法"分析技术,首次将该属植物种、变种酶谱的酶带数目、Rf、酶带宽度及其活性强弱4个因子的差异性,进行编码联机、电脑运算分析,其结果与该属玉兰亚属内的玉兰派和辛夷派的形态分类相吻合。但是,从酶学观点不支持椭圆叶玉兰作为独立种的存在,以作为河南玉兰的变种为宜,也不支持河南玉兰派和腋花玉兰派的成立,以并入辛夷派为佳。     

胡桃属十种植物的过氧化物同工酶分析

用丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离了胡桃属Juglans L．10种植物80份材料的过氧化物同工酶,共出现16种酶谱。 种内酶谱多态,但酶带间的差异小于种间酶带差异。用“酶谱距离” 及特异酶带可将10个种分成4组,与胡桃属分类基本吻合。 黑核桃组的酶带最多。胡桃楸次之,核桃及灰核桃最少。根据同工酶的产生与进化的关系,可认为黑核桃与胡桃楸比核桃、灰核桃进化。胡桃属内平均“酶谱距离”为0.52,推测该属应发生在晚白垩纪到古新世。     

中国蜡梅属植物过氧化物同工酶的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳系统,进行了蜡梅属8种植物过氧化物同工酶的研究。结果发现：该属8种植物的酶谱差异显著,每个种均有其特征酶谱。根据其种的酶谱酶带数目、Rf、宽度及其活性强弱的不同,可将各个种加以区别,但不支持保康蜡梅和突托蜡梅作为独立种的存在,也不支持蜡梅属分为蜡梅组和新蜡梅组的观点。同时,采用排序方法对蜡梅属8种植物酶谱的相似程度进行排序结果发现：与该属8种植物酶谱分类相吻合,并从分子水平上论证了它们的亲缘关系,即保康蜡梅为蜡梅的种内变异,以作蜡梅栽培品种处理;突托蜡梅作为浙江蜡梅的变种为佳,从而为蜡梅属植物种群的合理划分,提出了新的依据和手段。     

5种樱桃属植物的POD、CAT和SOD同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直平板凝胶电泳技术对5种樱桃属植物的过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶、过氧化氢酶(CAT)同工酶和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶的酶谱特征进行分析,结果表明:5种樱桃属植物共电泳出12条POD同工酶酶带、4条CAT同工酶酶带和8条SOD同工酶酶带;其中,POD同工酶酶谱具有5条共同谱带,CAT同工酶4条,SOD同工酶5条。冬季休眠期的樱桃属植物,POD与SOD同工酶谱带的多样性比较丰富,不同植物之间的谱带差异较大;而CAT同工酶谱带差异不明显。     

棉属种间高代系的过氧化物酶同工酶研究

利用薄层等电聚焦方法,对已稳定遗传２０代的棉属陆地棉（Ｇｏｓｓｙｐｉｕｍ ｈｉｒｓｕｔｕｍ ）×中棉（Ｇ．ａｒｂｏｒｅｕｍ ）种间高代系蕾期真叶及花药中的过氧化物酶同工酶进行研究,结果表明：１．同一棉种的不同品种,其过氧化物酶同工酶基本相同,同一染色体组的不同棉种,其过氧化物酶同工酶存在一定的差异,不同染色体组的棉种,其过氧化物酶同工酶存在显著的差异;２．高代系的同工酶谱与母本“科遗２号”相似,而与父本中棉“完紫”具有较大的差异     

杉木不同无性系过氧化物酶同工酶的研究

本文对杉木（Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｌａｎｃｅｌｏａｔａ（Ｌａｍｂ．）Ｈｏｏｋ．）不同无性系及其不同株龄的叶和不同发育时期的雄球花进行了过氧化物酶同工酶检测。结果表明：杉木４１４号无性系叶和雄球花的过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱与其它无性系都具明显差异;同－无性系叶与雄球花的过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱存在显著差异;不同发育时期的雄球花的过氧化物酶同工酶存在顺序表达。作者认为：过氧化物酶同工酶作为种内分类的鉴定性状较为合适,而科、属、种的分类依据则应更侧重于形态特征。根据杉木４１４号无性系的过氧化物酶同工酶的特异性及其短叶、叶端钝圆和多雄花等特点,可以把它定为杉科杉属杉木物种的一个变型：多雄花杉木。     

安徽产石蒜属植物三种酶同工酶的分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分离同工酶,首次分析了安徽产石蒜属６种植物十一个居群的过氧化物酶、酯酶、苹果酸脱氢酶三种酶同工酶,比较了居群间酶谱差异,并用数量分类方法,对酶谱资料进行了聚类分析（ＵＰＧＭＡ法）。结果表明：１、过氧化物酶、酯酶同工酶酶谱均显示出居群间的差异,而苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶酶谱居群间共性很大。２、酶谱特征显示,三种酶系统在居群间或居群间的差异,但种间居群的酶谱差异明显大于种内居群的差     

柏木属植物过氧化物酶同工酶的研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了柏木属9个种的过氧化物酶同工酶。结果表明：属内种 间具有明显的酶谱差异,每个种都有其特征酶谱。并用排序的方法对柏木属9个种酶谱的相 似程度进行了研究,据酶谱的排序结果把9个种分为5个类群。其中：巨柏、西藏柏木、干香 柏、岷江柏木和剑阁柏木为一类群; 地中海柏木、柏木、墨西哥柏木和绿干柏各为一类群,从分 子水平上论证了前人对于柏木属各种间亲缘关系的论述。研究结果还表明,柏木属植物近缘 种间过氧化物酶同工酶谱相似程度的替代与近缘种间的地理替代表现出强烈的映射关系,这 种关系可以用来揭示植物地理替代的规律。柏木属内种间平均酶谱距离为0.75,推测其地质 发生年代为侏罗纪。本文还发现用排序的方法研究同工酶谱可以达到定量比较的水平,在实践中有较多的优越性。     

THE USE OF PROTEIN-SEROLOGICAL CHARACTERS IN THE SYSTEMATICS OF THE FAMILY OLEACEAE

Serological analyses of soluble seed proteins of 12 representative taxa of the family Oleaceae by the techniques of Ouchterlony, presaturation, and immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) yielded complementary taxonomic information. Ouchterlony reactions differentiated among protein extracts of three species, and the combined serological techniques permitted the detection of protein differences of respective taxa of the two subfamilies Jasminoideae and Oleoideae. IEP enabled the separation of the 12 taxa investigated and the distribution into the two subfamilies, by the differential electrophoretic positions of precipitin arcs, which were consistent with members of each of the two subfamilies. Presaturation data, when analyzed by two cluster analysis computer programs, were taxonomically significant. One program, which calculated amalgamation distances from the presaturation data, clustered the 12 taxa into subgroups which corresponded to tribes, and within two groups, which corresponded to two subfamilies. A monothetic clustering program provided theoretical information on evolution of taxa within the family Oleaceae based on serological correspondences obtained from the presaturation data; the subfamily Jasminoideae was found phylogenetically primitive and the subfamily Oleoideae was advanced. Additionally, IEP data supported those theories suggesting that taxa of the Oleoideae evolved from taxa of the Jasminoideae. The groupings of taxa and different information obtained from the cluster analyses of data and all serological techniques reinforced each other, as well as contemporary taxonomic and phylogenetic treatments of taxa of the family Oleaceae. This research demonstrated the taxonomic value of protein-serological data, particularly as applied to the taxonomy of the Oleaceae.     

Phylogeny and classification of Oleaceae based on rps16 and trnL-F sequence data

Phylogenetic relationships among 76 species of Oleaceae, representing all 25 recognized genera of the family, were assessed by a cladistic analysis of DNA sequences from two noncoding chloroplast loci, the rps16 intron and the trnL-F region. Consensus trees from separate and combined analyses are congruent and agree well with nonmolecular data (chromosome numbers, fruit and wood anatomy, leaf glycosides, and iridoids). The two debated genera Dimetra and Nyctanthes, previously suggested to belong to Verbenaceae (sensu lato) or Nyctanthaceae, are shown to belong to Oleaceae, sister to the hitherto genus incertae sedis Myxopyrum. This clade is also supported by anatomical and chemical data. The subfamily Jasminoideae is paraphyletic, and a new classification is presented. The subfamily level is abandoned, and the former Jasminoideae is split into four tribes: Myxopyreae (Myxopyrum, Nyctanthes, and Dimetra), Fontanesieae (Fontanesia), Forsythieae (Abeliophyllum and Forsythia), and Jasmineae (Jasminum and Menodora). The tribe Oleeae (previous subfamily Oleoideae) is clearly monophyletic, comprising the subtribes Ligustrinae (Syringa and Ligustrum), Schreberinae status novus (Schrebera and Comoranthus), Fraxininae status novus (Fraxinus), and Oleinae (12 drupaceous genera). An rps16 sequence obtained from Hesperelaea, known only from the type specimen collected in 1875, confirmed the placement of this extinct taxon in the subtribe Oleinae.     

中国葡萄属（Vitis L.)的系统研究

对中国葡萄属（Ｖｉｔｉｓ Ｌ．）的系统学进行处理。中国葡萄属共分４２种１亚种１２变种,归属于１亚属５组４系。文中命名了３新组（小叶葡萄组、秋葡萄组和武汉葡萄组）、２新等级及组合组（毛葡萄组和河岸葡萄组）、３新系（密柔毛系、复叶系、刺状毛系）、１新变种（伏牛山葡萄）和１新组合变种（小叶葛Ｌａｉ）。     

中国灯心草属植物的研究

本文通过对国产灯心草属植物的研究,提出了一个中国灯心草属分类系统排列,首次确认我国产6亚属,14组(包括10个新组),4个系(包括3个新系),77种(包括14个新种),l亚种(新亚种)和10变种(包括4个新变种),对其中一些种类作了归并及处理。     

A phylogeny of the flowering plant family Apiaceae based on chloroplast DNA rpl16 and rpoC1 intron sequences: towards a suprageneric classification of subfamily Apioideae

The higher level relationships within Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) subfamily Apioideae are controversial, with no widely acceptable modern classification available. Comparative sequencing of the intron in chloroplast ribosomal protein gene rpl16 was carried out in order to examine evolutionary relationships among 119 species (99 genera) of subfamily Apioideae and 28 species from Apiaceae subfamilies Saniculoideae and Hydrocotyloideae, and putatively allied families Araliaceae and Pittosporaceae. Phylogenetic analyses of these intron sequences alone, or in conjunction with plastid rpoC1 intron sequences for a subset of the taxa, using maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining methods, reveal a pattern of relationships within Apioideae consistent with previously published chloroplast DNA and nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS based phylogenies. Based on consensus of relationship, seven major lineages within the subfamily are recognized at the tribal level. These are referred to as tribes Heteromorpheae M. F. Watson & S. R. Downie Trib. Nov., Bupleureae Spreng. (1820), Oenantheae Dumort. (1827), Pleurospermeae M. F. Watson & S. R. Downie Trib. Nov., Smyrnieae Spreng. (1820), Aciphylleae M. F. Watson & S. R. Downie Trib. Nov., and Scandiceae Spreng. (1820). Scandiceae comprises subtribes Daucinae Dumort. (1827), Scandicinae Tausch (1834), and Torilidinae Dumort. (1827). Rpl16 intron sequences provide valuable characters for inferring high-level relationships within Apiaceae but, like the rpoC1 intron, are insufficient to resolve relationships among closely related taxa.     

中国乌头属属下等级数量分类的初步研究

本文取中国乌头属50种(含变种)植物,选取形态学性状46个、化学性状8个、组织学性状5个、生态学性状1个,运用数量分类方法,对该属进行属下等级的分类研究。根据数学分析结果,确定了树系图中变种、种、系、亚属的分级界线,并在聚类分析的基础上,进一步探讨了各等级类群的划分。     

杉科植物的系统发育分析

本文以形态学为依据,参考其他学科的研究成果,用分支分类方法并结合表征分类方法探讨了杉科植物的系统演化关系,提出了新的分类系统。在分支分类中,金松科被选作外类群。主要根据外类群比较原则、化石原则和一般的演化规律,确定了性状的祖征和衍征,采用最大同步法、综合分析法、演化极端结合法及最小平行进化法共四种方法进行分支分析,选择最简约的分支图作为本文讨论基础。在表征分类中,选取59个性状,利用距离系数和类平均法,对金松属和杉科各属进行了聚类运算,得出表征图。综合两种分析结果,主要结论如下:(1)属间关系:柳杉属是现存杉科植物中最原始的类群。水松属和落羽杉属关系密切,二者与柳杉属近缘。巨杉属和北美红杉属关系密切,是中级进化水平的类群。水杉属与巨杉属和北美红杉属的亲缘关系相对较近。杉木属、密叶杉属和台湾杉属关系密切,是杉科植物中的高级进化类群,其中又以台湾杉属演化水平最高。(2)系统排列:支持金松科的成立,将杉科分成5族,即柳杉族(仅含柳杉属)、落羽杉族(含水松属、落羽杉属)、北美红杉族(含巨杉属、北美红杉属)、水杉族(仅含水杉属)和杉木族(含杉木属、密叶杉属及台湾杉属)。     

中国紫堇属大叶紫堇组的分类与分布

本文叙述大叶紫堇组在紫堇属(Corydalis)中的系统位置以及其分布区的原始性,同时记载了隶属于5个系的23种9变种和1变型,其中有4个新系,7个新种和7个新变种。     

紫荆族的脉序研究

本文对代表豆科云实亚科紫荆族全部五个属．即紫荆属、腺叶紫荆属、格里芬豆属、拟羊蹄甲属和羊蹄甲属的几乎全部系或亚组的１３４个种或种下分类单元的叶脉序进行了研究,并描述了本族２０个基本脉序类型．在紫荆族中,腺叶紫荆属和拟羊蹄甲属的脉序式样非常相似;紫荆属的种类的脉式样以全绿叶,一级脉不及绿等特征组合有别于本族其它属;格里芬豆属的脉序高度特化,有别于紫荆亚族的所有类群;羊蹄甲属是叶脉序式样最多样化的类群．在羊蹄甲属中,羊蹄甲亚属和显托亚属的脉序式样非常多样化．Ｅｌａｙｕｎａ亚属的两个组和Ｂａｒｋｌｙａ亚属的脉序式样非常相似．Ｂａｒｋｌｙａ亚属的仅有种了香叶羊蹄甲的脉序仅以其叶全缘区别于Ｅｌａｙｕｎａ亚属．脉序性状支持把Ｃａｎｓｅｎｉａ系、白花羊蹄甲系、羊蹄甲系、绿花羊蹄甲亚组、总状花羊蹄甲亚组、Ｅｌａｙｕｎａ亚属、伞房系、Ｃｈｌｏｒｏｘａｎｔｈａｅ系、棒花系、掌叶组和萼管组等作为自然类群的观点．在本族植物的脉序类型中,一级脉及缘、全缘叶、发育完好的脉岛等性状常相关出现;另一方面,一级脉不及缘,具二小叶或叶深裂,脉岛发育不完善及盲脉多分枝等性状常相关出现．如同形态和花粉性状,脉序性状能为紫荆族的分类提供另一方面的佐     

Vasorelaxant effects of forsythide isolated from the leaves of Forsythia viridissima on NE-induced aortal contraction

Forsythide (F1) isolated from the leaves of Forsythia viridissima (Oleaceae) showed vasorelaxant effects on norepinephrine (NE)-induced contraction of rat aorta with or without endothelium. This compound did not affect contraction induced by high concentration potassium (60 mM K⁺) and phorbol 12,13-diacetate, but inhibited NE-induced contraction in the presence of nicardipine. These results demonstrated the inhibitory effects of F1 on NE-induced vasocontraction presumably due to decrease of calcium influx from extracellular area, which was induced by NE.