安徽庐江鸭乙型肝炎病毒LJ—76转染细胞系的建立

为建立鸭乙型肝炎病毒ＬＪ－７６的转染细胞系,将ＬＪ－７６病毒ＤＮＡ插入到ｐＵＣ１９的ＥｃｏＲ１位点上,分离得到含双拷贝ＬＪ－７６ＤＮＡ的重组质粒。通过磷酸钙沉淀方法,将经ＣｓＣｌ等密度离心纯化的ＬＪ－７６ＤＮＡ双体导入到人肝癌细胞ＢＥＬ７４０２中。收集转染细胞的培养液进行蔗糖密度离心,所得沉淀经检测发现含有ＬＪ－７６ＤＮＡ并具有特异性ＤＨＢＶ内源性ＤＮＡ多聚酶活性．     

微量直接法检测鸭乙型肝炎病毒DNA多聚酶

鸭乙型肝炎病毒(DHBV)DNA多聚酶(DNAP)是研究DHBV感染规律和观察药效的敏感指标,但常规方法测定DNAP需用较多量血清并超速离心,不适用于大批标本的检测。本文参照Sprengel介绍的掺入液条件,用微量血清(70～100μl)直接检测鸭血清中的DHBV-DNAP,比常规超速离心法和DHBV-DNA斑点杂交法简便。同时,观察了膦羧基甲酸钠(PFNa_3)对DNAP的抑制作用,以探讨方法的特异性和可行性。     

乙型肝炎病毒DNA疫苗的研究进展

预防与控制乙型肝炎发病的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)疫苗,是有重大的社会和经济意义。HBV的持续感染可引起慢性肝脏疾患,并逐步发展为肝硬化和肝细胞癌(HCC)。目前的乙肝重组亚单位疫苗可以使90％的接种产生保护性抗体;但是对慢性HBV携带,由于其机体对HBsAg蛋白产生耐受,不能产生体液和细胞免疫,因此它只能作为一种预防性的疫苗。DNA疫苗(基因疫苗)是一种新的疫苗技术,通过向体内递送编码抗原的细菌质粒,刺激产生特异的体液和细胞免疫反应。在小鼠和其他的肝炎病毒感染动物模型中,HBV DNA疫苗可以特异性地引起体液和细胞免疫,清除HBV转基因动物血循环中的HBsAg颗粒和HBV DNA。如果加入各种免疫调节细胞因子的基因,可以进一步提高HBV DNA疫苗的免疫效果,因此它不仅可作为预防性疫苗,也可作为治疗型疫苗。     

安徽庐江鸭乙型肝炎病毒LJ-76转染细胞系的建立

为建立鸭乙型肝炎病毒ＬＪ－７６的转染细胞系,将ＬＪ－７６病毒ＤＮＡ插入到ｐＵＣ１９的ＥｃｏＲⅠ位点上,分离得到含有双拷贝ＬＪ－７６ＤＮＡ的重组质粒．通过磷酸钙沉淀方法,将经ＣｓＣｌ等密度离心纯化的ＬＪ－７６ＤＮＡ双体导入到人肝癌细胞ＢＥＬ７４０２中．收集转染细胞的培养液进行蔗糖密度梯度离心,所得沉淀经检测发现含有ＬＪ－７６ＤＮＡ并具有特异性ＤＨＢＶ内源性ＤＮＡ多聚酶活性;对上述样品通过ＤｏｔＥＩＡ检测ＤＨＢＶ核心抗原及表面抗原结果为阳性．Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ分析表明转染细胞内存在病毒ＤＮＡ复制中间体ｃｃｃＤＮＡ、ｓｓＤＮＡ和ｒｃＤＮＡ,而ｃｃｃＤＮＡ被认为是复制活动较为活跃的标志．电镜观察转染细胞的上清发现有病毒颗粒的存在．     

核酶的体外合成及其对鸭乙型肝炎病毒S基因体外转录物的定点切割

选择鸭乙型肝炎病毒作为核酶的靶病毒,设计针对病毒前基因组Ｓ基因区第１２８８位和１４６９位“锤头状”核酶序列（ＲＺ１和ＲＺ２）。经体外转录及做核酶切割,ＲＺ１和ＲＺ２均有切割作用,以ＲＺ１作用更强。鉴于核酶在相当于鸭体温（４２℃）有切割作用,因此有可能在鸭体内研究其切割作用。     

鸭克隆探针制备和应用研究

自从1980年Mason等报告了在北京鸭血清中检出鸭乙型肝炎病毒(DHBV)颗粒以来,国内外已有数篇文章报告DHBV分子生物学方面的研究,随着人乙型肝炎研究的进展,迫切需要建立乙型肝炎动物模型     

鸭乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原DNA疫苗的构建及其诱导的体液免疫应答

为研究鸭乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原( DHBcAg) 真核表达质粒的免疫原性, 分析DHBcAg DNA 疫苗诱导的体液免疫应答, 首先借助生物信息学方法对鸭乙型肝炎病毒( DHBV) Core 基因编码的氨基酸序列进行亲疏水性分析, 分别构建DHBcAg 全基因( E-DHBc263) 及去除疏水性序列的DHBcAg 片段( E-DHBc180) 的真核表达质粒, 间接免疫荧光检测结果显示可在COS7 细胞内表达。进一步构建原核表达质粒p-DHBc263 和p-DHBc180, 仅p-DHBc180 可表达蛋白, 纯化后作为酶联免疫吸附试验( ELISA) 包被抗原, 用于DHBcAb 的检测。分别用E-DHBc263 和E-DHBc180 免疫小鼠, 采用间接ELISA 检测DHBcAb。结果显示, E-DHBc180 可诱导免疫小鼠产生DHBcAb 免疫应答, 加强免疫后效价可达1∶100 ～1∶400。结果提示, E-DHBc180 可作为DHBcAg DNA 疫苗, 在DHBV 感染鸭模型中评价其效果。     

基于滚环扩增的鸭乙型肝炎病毒共价闭合环状DNA检测方法的建立

滚环扩增(RCA)是新近发展起来的一种能特异性扩增环形DNA的实验技术,自2008年以来被广泛用于HBV基因全长扩增及共价闭合环状DNA(cccDNA)耐药突变分析等研究。为了便于鸭乙型肝炎病毒(DHBV)cccDNA的分析,本研究建立了基于RCA的DHBV cccDNA的检测方法。通过针对DHBV高度保守序列设计的4对RCA硫化修饰引物,以血清DHBV DNA为阴性对照,从肝组织DHBV DNA标本中扩增得到DHBV cccDNA。然后用跨缺口引物扩增RCA产物测序替代限制性内切酶切分析进行DHBV cccDNA鉴定。应用该方法检测39份携带DHBV麻鸭肝组织与血清标本结果显示:全部肝组织标本均检出DHBV cccDNA,而全部血清标本则均无DHBV cccDNA检出,表明本研究建立的基于RCA的DHBV cccDNA检测法具有良好的特异性和灵敏性。该方法的建立为应用鸭乙型肝炎病毒动物模型研究cccDNA在病毒致病机制中的作用以及评价抗病毒疗效奠定了实验基础。     

Protective Efficacy of DNA Vaccines against Duck Hepatitis B Virus Infection

The efficacy of DNA vaccines encoding the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) pre-S/S and S proteins were tested in Pekin ducks. Plasmid pcDNA I/Amp DNA containing the DHBV pre-S/S or S genes was injected intramuscularly three times, at 3-week intervals. All pre-S/S and S-vaccinated ducks developed total anti-DHBs and specific anti-S antibodies with similar titers reaching 1/10,000 to 1/50,000 and 1/2,500 to 1/4,000, respectively, after the third vaccination. However, following virus challenge, significant differences in the rate of virus removal from the bloodstream and the presence of virus replication in the liver were found between the groups. In three of four S-vaccinated ducks, 90% of the inoculum was removed between <5 and 15 min postchallenge (p.c.) and no virus replication was detected in the liver at 4 days p.c. In contrast, in all four pre-S/S-vaccinated ducks, 90% of the inoculum was removed between 60 and 90 min p.c. and DHBsAg was detected in 10 to 40% of hepatocytes. Anti-S serum abolished virus infectivity when preincubated with DHBV before inoculation into 1-day-old ducklings and primary duck hepatocyte cultures, while anti-pre-S/S serum showed very limited capacity to neutralize virus infectivity in these two systems. Thus, although both DNA vaccines induced high titers of anti-DHBs antibodies, anti-S antibodies induced by the S-DNA construct were highly effective in neutralizing virus infectivity while similar levels of anti-S induced by the pre-S/S-DNA construct conferred only very limited protection. This phenomenon requires further clarification, particularly in light of the development of newer HBV vaccines containing pre-S proteins and a possible discrepancy between anti-HBs titers and protective efficacy.     

Advances in Research on Hepatitis B Virus DNA Integration

Since HBV DNA integration was discovered for the first time in 1980, various methods have been used to detect and study it, such as Southern Blot, in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction and so on. HBV DNA integration is thought to be random on the whole although some hot spots of integration were described by some researchers, one of which might be the repetitive sequences of the genomic DNA. Besides, DNA damage, especially double-strand breaks could promote HBV DNA integration into host genome. HBV DNA integration into cells may damage the stability of the genome, cause DNA rearrangement, promote DNA deletion and induce the formation of HCC.     

乙型肝炎病毒动物模型研究进展

乙型肝炎病毒感染是全球范围影响人类健康的重要问题,慢性感染人群存在肝硬化和肝细胞癌的高患病风险。尽管乙型肝炎病毒疫苗有效,但是在世界范围内慢性感染人数超过了3.5亿,占全球人数的5%。乙型肝炎病毒的生物学研究及新治疗发展进展缓慢是由于缺乏合适的动物模型,每一种动物模型都有其优势和特殊弊端。简要综述了各种动物模型在乙型肝炎病毒研究中的应用进展。     

突变型乙肝病毒核心抗原DNA疫苗的体外表达

目的:构建突变型核心抗原核酸疫苗,观察该核酸疫苗在体外蛋白的表达.方法:采用基因工程定点突变技术,构建5种突变型核酸疫苗,分别去除乙肝病毒核心抗原N端的第1、2位氨基酸,命名为M12,去除3、4位氨基酸命名为M34以及去除5、6位的氨基酸命名为M56,用上述构建的核酸疫苗与野生型HBc核酸疫苗(pJW4303/Hc)及空载体质粒pJW4303分别用脂质体转染293T细胞,应用蛋白印迹法检测核心蛋白的表达.结果:经过pstl和BgI双酶切和测序鉴定结果突变型核心抗原核酸疫苗构建成功.在去除2个氨基酸的核酸疫苗结果中显示:野生型pJW4303/HBe、M12、及M56体外转染293T细胞后,在细胞上清和裂解中能很好的表达,而M34上清未见表达,仅裂解中可见极少量疑似表达条带;在原有基础上分别去除第3位和第4住氨基酸,命名为M3和M4,结果显示M3上清未见表达,裂解液中可见少量表达,而M4在上清和裂解中均可见明显的表达.结论:去除核心抗原N端第3位的氨基酸(M3)可以明显影响核心抗原的表达,HBcAg氨基端第3位氨基酸对蛋白的表达可能起到重要的作用.     

新型聚乙烯亚胺衍生物体内转染活性的研究

目的:研究新型聚乙烯亚胺衍生物作为基因载体在小鼠体内的转染活性情况。方法:采用荧光素酶质粒DNA作为报告基因,与基因载体复合,对小鼠尾静脉注射,考察组织分布情况;以及对小鼠肌肉注射,应用活体成像技术考察其转染活性。结果:静脉注射后,小鼠肺组织中基因表达量最高;肌肉注射后,可以观察到活性转染结果,表达量高于对照PE(?)25KDa。结论:新型聚乙烯亚胺衍生物在体内可成功输送质粒DNA,但转染效率偏低。     

In vivo disposition and stability of DNA frayed wires in mice

DNA frayed wires (DNA_FW) are an alternate form of DNA organization formed by the self-association of several strands of guanine-rich oligonucleotides. The purpose of this study was to define for the first time the blood clearance kinetics, tissue distribution, and stability of DNA_FW in vivo in mice. Single bolus doses (1200 pmol/mouse) of ³²P-DNA_FW and ³²P-random DNA were administered intravenously (IV) and intraperitoneally (IP) followed by scheduled blood, urine, fecal and tissue samplings. Blood clearance kinetics was described well by a first order two-compartment open model. The overall half-lives of elimination from the central compartment (T_1/2)_K10 were 3.57 ± 0.1 h for IV and 2.38 ± 0.11 h for IP. In contrast, random DNA was completely degraded after 15 min regardless of the route of administration. Tissue distribution results demonstrated that DNA_FW were primarily distributed and retained in the liver, intestines, kidneys, and heart. Low levels could also be detected in brain. Autoradiographs of blood, tissues, feces and urine extracts established that DNA_FW remained intact after administration as no measurable levels of metabolites or degradation products were found after 24 h. ³²P-DNA_FW was primarily eliminated via hepato-biliary excretion into feces after either IV or IP administration (51.8 ± 4.53% and 36.2 ± 3.4%, respectively). The improved stability and longer half-life of DNA_FW, previously shown in vitro, is also seen in vivo, indicating that DNA_FW may provide a stable delivery system for DNA gene therapies. In conclusion, this is the first study demonstrating the in vivo stability, pharmacokinetics, and disposition of DNA superstructures.