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1.
海参生物活性研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
海参是重要的海洋食物和药物资源,含有多种生物活性成分,如多糖、皂苷、多肽及蛋白质和脂类等其他活性成分,具有增强免疫力、抗凝血、镇痛、抗肿瘤、抗真菌、抗病毒、抗衰老和抗疲劳等生理功能.本文简要介绍了我国海参资源的分布情况,综述了国内外对海参生物活性物质组成及其药理作用研究的新进展.旨在为科学工作者对海参展开细胞和分子水平上的研究、寻找新型的海洋高效药物和功能性食品的开发提供参考,同时为我国丰富的海参资源的开发利用提供新思路.  相似文献   

2.
海参属棘皮动物门的海参纲。在世界的海洋中约有海参500多种,我国沿海常见的刺参有60多种,其中可食用的海参有楯手目的刺参科和海参科20多种。在食用海参中,除了刺参Stichopus iaponicus Selenka产于辽宁、河北和山东沿海外,多产于广东、福建沿海,特别是广东的海南岛和西沙群岛。海参除了蛋白质含量高、胆固醇含量几乎等于零,是一种优良的高蛋白食物外,还是我国的传统中药,它具有补肾益精、养血润燥的作用。近年来,天津药物研究所发现,海参含有粘多糖,经动物试验,海参所含的粘多糖能制止癌细胞的生长和转移。随着海  相似文献   

3.
海参(Holothurian,sea cucumber)归属无脊椎动物棘皮动物门,是海参纲动物的泛称。据统计,全世界约有40种,我国约20种海参可供食用,个别参种有较高价值。2011年江苏海辰农业发展有限公司在响水开始海参的海水养殖,品种是刺参中最好的品种-辽参。本文通过实地调研,深入了解了海参的养殖与气象的关系,特别是温度、暴雨、台风、大风等方面的影响。  相似文献   

4.
高菲  许强  李秀保  何林文  王爱民 《生态学报》2022,42(11):4301-4312
珊瑚礁生态系统是一个高生产力、高生物多样性的特殊海洋生态系统,具有为生物提供栖息地、参与生物地球化学循环、防浪护岸、指示水体污染程度等生态功能。珊瑚礁生态系统的突出特点是其生境异质性很高,各种各样的生境斑块为种类繁多、习性各异的游泳和底栖生物提供栖息场所,这些礁栖生物通过参与各项生态过程而形成各种特定的功能群,共同完成重要的生态功能。在热带珊瑚礁生态系统中,海参是大型底栖动物区系的重要一员。种类繁多的海参具有各自不同的生境选择特征,通过摄食、运动等行为活动发挥着改良底质、促进有机物矿化和营养盐再生等生态作用。近几年来,全球热带海参受人类过度捕捞和珊瑚礁退化的影响而面临资源衰退、物种多样性丧失等问题,深入认识其生态学功能、加强热带海参资源保护迫在眉睫。综述了国内外热带珊瑚礁海参的基础生态学研究进展:海参对珊瑚礁生境斑块呈现显著的偏好选择特征以及种间差异和季节变动,不同生境斑块的食物质量、底质类型和水动力条件是影响海参生境偏好的重要因素;海参通过生物扰动可以改变珊瑚礁生境沉积物的含水量、渗透性、颗粒组成、再矿化率、无机营养物质释放速率以及孔隙水的化学梯度,并增加沉积物中的溶氧浓度、促进溶解...  相似文献   

5.
刺参育苗和养殖技术的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
在太平洋地区可供食用的海参共有四十余种,我国约占20种以上,其中刺参最为名贵,是我国传统的海珍品和滋补品。我国是世界上最早食用海参的国家,在明朝的书籍中就有过记述。广大劳动人民在长期的生产实践中,对海参的生活习性、繁殖保护、采捕利用等方面积累了丰富的经验。这对我们开展刺参的研究工作很有帮助。自1974年重新开展刺参的试验工作以来,对刺参幼虫及稚参的主要生态因子进行了探索,并基本掌  相似文献   

6.
吕志堂  刘志恒   《微生物学通报》1999,26(3):210-215
假话卡氏菌科是一类进化上相近、形态各异、胞壁肽聚精含有Meso--DAP(内消族二氨基庚二酸)、全细胞水解液中含有半乳糖和阿拉伯糖、不含枝菌酸的放线菌[1-3]。该科的许多成员都能产生重要的生物活性物质,见表1[4],包括抗生素、酶类、维生素等。其中如红霉素、利福霉素等已商业化,产生了巨大的社会和经济效益。在当今的生物活性物质筛选中,这类放线菌被看作是最有希望获得新的抗生素、酶制剂等生物活性物质的资源菌;此外,该科在环境污染的治理上也有广阔的前景,如假诺卡氏菌属的一些种可以将工业上大量产生的甲基硫化物分解为无…  相似文献   

7.
中国家蝇资源化利用研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
王芳  朱芬  雷朝亮 《昆虫知识》2013,50(4):1149-1156
家蝇世代周期短、繁殖能力强,其幼虫营养丰富,含有多种生物活性物质,是一种重要的昆虫资源。本文综述了我国家蝇在多个领域利用的研究现状,从食品、保健、环保、工业和农业等方面阐述了家蝇资源的价值,并展望了家蝇的产业化开发前景。  相似文献   

8.
紫球藻的培养与利用(综述)   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
紫球藻为单细胞红藻,其细胞富含红藻多糖、多不饱和脂肪酸(主要为AA和EPA)及藻胆蛋白等高价值生物活性物质,在医药和精细化工领域有广泛的应用前景。本文综述紫球藻的生物学特性、生物活性物质、培养与培养特性等方面的研究概况。  相似文献   

9.
生物技术在几种植物生物活性物质生产中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
近年来肉苁蓉、红豆杉、铁皮石斛、怀槐等植物生物活性物质的研究已成热点。综述生物技术在这几种植物生物活性物质生产中的应用,展示了植物生物活性物质在医药、保健食品和化妆品等方面的广阔应用前景。  相似文献   

10.
亿万年前的海参   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
海参是人们熟知的筵席佳肴。我国海域辽阔,从渤海到南海都产有海参。仅西沙群岛就产有食用海参20多种,其中刺参、乌参、乌元参、梅花参都是中外驰名的。西沙群岛的梅花参,有的长达一米多。海参营养丰富,其味鲜美。但是,吃过海参的人可能还不知道,当他品食海参时,竟连海参的骨头也一起吃掉了。海参也有骨头吗?有,还多着呢!海参属棘皮动物。在大多数海参的咽部四周,有大致与触手数目  相似文献   

11.
Sea cucumbers are benthic marine invertebrates with immense ecological and commercial value. Processed sea cucumbers known as “Beche-de-mer” are a delicacy in southeast Asian countries with an ever-increasing demand depleting wild stocks on a global scale. Aquaculture techniques are well developed for commercially important species (e.g. Holothuria scabra) to aid in conservation and trade. In the Arabian Peninsula and Iran, where the major land mass is surrounded by marginal seas (Arabian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea), studies on sea cucumbers are rather limited and its economic value is underestimated. Historical and current research trends indicate impoverished diversity (82 species) due to environmental extremes. Artisanal fisheries exist for the sea cucumbers of Iran, Oman, and Saudi Arabia, with Yemen and United Arab Emirates (UAE) playing a key role in collection and export to Asian countries. Stock assessment and data on export indicates depletion of natural stocks in Saudi Arabia and Oman. Aquaculture trials of high value species (H. scabra) were successful in Saudi Arabia, Oman and Iran with prospects for further expansion. Research on ecotoxicological properties and bioactive substances conducted in Iran demonstrates an immense research potential. Molecular phylogeny, biology, use in bioremediation, and characterisation of bioactive compounds were identified as potential gaps in research. Expanding aquaculture operations could revive exports and recuperate damaged stocks through sea ranching. Furthermore, regional cooperation, networking, training, and capacity building could help fill the gaps in sea cucumber research, which will aid in its effective conservation and management.  相似文献   

12.
Methodical approaches to commercial rearing of sea cucumber at mariculture farms in Peter the Great Bay in the Sea of Japan are discussed. This includes two basic phases, viz., intermediate rearing of underyearlings in cages and sea ranching. The survival rate of juvenile sea cucumbers during intermediate rearing in cages in Sukhodol Bight (Ussuri Bay) was shown to depend on the body size and rearing density of the juveniles and its value varied from 35 to 82%. The survival rate of two-year-old juveniles on artificial reefs reached 85%. Monitoring studies of the bottom sites showed that for the entire period of functioning of the farm, 8 years, a sea cucumber colony with the average distribution density of 1.5 inds/m2 was formed on an area of about 30 ha. The harvest of the commercial production of sea cucumbers purchased at hatcheries can be calculated taking the survival rates of juveniles during the first years of their life into account. The calculation of the production of juvenile sea cucumbers picked by collectors was based on an appraisal of the current state of their aggregation (abundance, biomass, and size structure) with use of conservation protection measures (the allowable harvest rate of 6.4%).  相似文献   

13.
A outbreak of disease with symptoms of evisceration and skin ulteration led to mass mortality in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus cultivated in indoor ponds near the Dalian coast from December 2004 to April 2005. Spherical virus particles with a diameter of 75–200 nm were found in the cytoplasm of cells in the water-system, the alimentary canal and in the respiratory trees of the diseased and dying sea cucumber individuals by electron microscopic observation of ultrathin sections. Examination by negative stained samples revealed that all the diseased sea cucumbers were infected by the virus, while the healthly ones cultivated outside the contagious area were not. Two bacterial strains were also isolated from the diseased animals. When exposed to a medium containing the virus particles, regardless of whether the bacterial suspension was added, healthy sea cucumbers exhibited identical disease symptoms as the ones in the indoor ponds, and had a mortality of 90%–100%. However, when exposed to a medium in which there was only one of the two bacterial strains, 30%–80% of the sea cucumbers were infected and nearly 20% died. Negative staining showed that the viral particles were detected only in the bodies of the tested animals that were exposed to the viral medium. Histopathologically, the diseased sea cucumbers are characterized by karyopycnosis, and disintegration of the endoplasmic reticula and mitochondria in the epithelial cells in the water-system, the respiratory tree and the alimentary canal. Fundation items: Supported by commonweal program of State Oceanic Administration of China (200705007), Science and Technology Project of Liaoning Province (2004203001) and Science and Technology Project of Dlian (2004 BINS030).  相似文献   

14.
Sea cucumber is a health-beneficial food, and contains a variety of physiologically active substances including glycosphingolipids. We show here the sphingoid base composition of cerebrosides prepared from sea cucumber and the cytotoxicity against human colon cancer cell lines. The composition of sphingoid bases prepared from sea cucumber was different from that of mammals, and the major constituents estimated from mass spectra had a branched C17–19 alkyl chain with 1–3 double bonds. The viability of DLD-1, WiDr and Caco-2 cells treated with sea cucumber sphingoid bases was reduced in a dose-dependent manner and was similar to that of cells treated with sphingosine. The sphingoid bases induced such a morphological change as condensed chromatin fragments and increased the caspase-3 activity, indicating that the sphingoid bases reduced the cell viability by causing apoptosis in these cells. Sphingolipids of sea cucumber might therefore serve as bioactive dietary components to suppress colon cancer.  相似文献   

15.
Sea cucumber is a health-beneficial food, and contains a variety of physiologically active substances including glycosphingolipids. We show here the sphingoid base composition of cerebrosides prepared from sea cucumber and the cytotoxicity against human colon cancer cell lines. The composition of sphingoid bases prepared from sea cucumber was different from that of mammals, and the major constituents estimated from mass spectra had a branched C17-19 alkyl chain with 1-3 double bonds. The viability of DLD-1, WiDr and Caco-2 cells treated with sea cucumber sphingoid bases was reduced in a dose-dependent manner and was similar to that of cells treated with sphingosine. The sphingoid bases induced such a morphological change as condensed chromatin fragments and increased the caspase-3 activity, indicating that the sphingoid bases reduced the cell viability by causing apoptosis in these cells. Sphingolipids of sea cucumber might therefore serve as bioactive dietary components to suppress colon cancer.  相似文献   

16.
A outbreak of disease with symptoms of evisceration and skin ulteration led to mass mortality in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus cultivated in indoor ponds near the Dalian coast from December 2004 to April 2005. Spherical virus particles with a diameter of 75-200 nm were found in the cytoplasm of cells in the water-system, the alimentary canal and in the respiratory trees of the diseased and dying sea cucumber individuals by electron microscopic observation of ultrathin sections. Examination by negative stained samples revealed that all the diseased sea cucumbers were infected by the virus, while the healthly ones cultivated outside the contagious area were not. Two bacterial strains were also isolated from the diseased animals. When exposed to a medium containing the virus particles, regardless of whether the bacterial suspension was added,healthy sea cucumbers exhibited identical disease symptoms as the ones in the indoor ponds, and had a mortality of 90%-100%. However, when exposed to a medium in which there was only one of the two bacterial strains, 30%-80% of the sea cucumbers were infected and nearly 20% died. Negative staining showed that the viral particles were detected only in the bodies of the tested animals that were exposed to the viral medium. Histopathologically, the diseased sea cucumbers are characterized by karyopycnosis, and disintegration of the endoplasmic reticula and mitochondria in the epithelial cells in the water-system, the respiratory tree and the alimentary canal.  相似文献   

17.
A outbreak of disease with symptoms of evisceration and skin ulteration led to mass mortality in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus cultivated in indoor ponds near the Dalian coast from December 2004 to April 2005. Spherical virus particles with a diameter of 75-200 nm were found in the cytoplasm of cells in the water-system, the alimentary canal and in the respiratory trees of the diseased and dying sea cucumber individuals by electron microscopic observation of ultrathin sections. Examination by negative stained samples revealed that all the diseased sea cucumbers were infected by the virus, while the healthly ones cultivated outside the contagious area were not. Two bacterial strains were also isolated from the diseased animals. When exposed to a medium containing the virus particles, regardless of whether the bacterial suspension was added, healthy sea cucumbers exhibited identical disease symptoms as the ones in the indoor ponds, and had a mortality of 90%-100%. However, when exposed to a medium in which there was only one of the two bacterial strains, 30%-80% of the sea cucumbers were infected and nearly 20% died. Negative staining showed that the viral particles were detected only in the bodies of the tested animals that were exposed to the viral medium Histopathologically, the diseased sea cucumbers are characterized by karyopycnosis, and disintegration of the endoplasmic reticula and mitochondria in the epithelial cells in the water-system, the respiratory tree and the alimentary canal.  相似文献   

18.
Aims: To isolate a fucoidan‐utilizing strain from seawater for sea cucumber fucoidan degradation. Methods and Results: The utilization of sea cucumber fucoidan was monitored by H2SO4–phenol assay for neutral sugar. The bacterium CZ1127 was isolated from seawater and shown to have a relatively large maximum fucoidan‐utilizing rate of 81·5%. CZ1127 was confirmed to belong to the family Flavobacteriaceae by 16S rDNA and physiological analyses. This strain has an ability to utilize fucoidans extracted from various sea cucumbers to different degrees. Both extracellular and intracellular enzymes of CZ1127 could degrade sea cucumber fucoidan, as confirmed by high‐performance size exclusion chromatography. The Mr of sea cucumber fucoidan could be reduced from 792·6 kDa to at least 3·7 kDa by the crude intracellular enzyme of this strain. Conclusions: The marine bacterial strain CZ1127, which belongs to the family Flavobacteriaceae, was found to utilize various sea cucumber fucoidans and furthermore showed promise in sea cucumber fucoidan enzymatic degradation and oligosaccharide preparation. Significance and Impact of the Study: The finding of a novel source can be applied in sea cucumber fucoidan enzymatic degradation. Furthermore, it is the first definite report of a bacterial strain that can utilize the fucoidans from various sea cucumbers.  相似文献   

19.
Acute peristome edema disease (APED) is a new disease that broke out in cultured sea cucumber along the Shangdong and Liaoning province coasts in China, PR, and has caused a great deal of death in Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) since 2004. Here we report virus-like particles found in intestine epithelium of sea cucumbers reared in North China. It is the first time that sea cucumbers are reported to be infected by virus. Histological examinations showed that the viral inclusion bodies existed in intestine epithelium cells. Electron microscopic examinations show that the virions were spherical, 80-100nm in diameter, and composed of a helical nucleocapsid within an envelope with surface projections. Detailed studies on the morphogenesis of these viruses found many characteristics previously described for coronaviruses. Virus particles always congregated, and formed a virus vesicle with an encircling membrane. The most obvious cellular pathologic feature is large granular areas of cytoplasm, relatively devoid of organelles. Tubular structures within virus-containing vesicles, nucleocapsid inclusions, and double-membrane vesicles are also found in the cytopathic cells. No rickettsia, chlamydia, bacteria, or other parasitic organisms were found.  相似文献   

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