共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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用细胞壁提取法从诱抗菌中提取出激发子,经点滴法测定发现该激发子与活菌一样能诱导黄瓜产生对炭疽病的抗性反应。黄瓜经激发子处理后,体内与抗病反应有关的过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性显著增强;过氧化物酶同功酶酶带增多,着色加深;酚类物质和木质素含量也明显提高。 相似文献
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以新疆赛买提杏为试验材料,分别在果实坐果期、膨大期、转色期及采收前48h,采用分子量为5 000、浓度为0.05%的壳寡糖(GOS)溶液对杏果实进行喷施处理,以喷施清水为对照(CK);采收后的杏果实在机械损伤接种链格孢菌后置于4℃、相对湿度90%~95%的条件下贮藏,定期统计接种链格孢菌杏果实的病斑直径和发病率,测定抗病相关酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(GLU)和几丁质酶(CHT)的活性及木质素、富含羟脯氨酸糖蛋白(HRGP)的含量,探讨采前壳寡糖处理对杏果实黑斑病的抗性诱导及其生理机制。结果显示,贮藏结束时,采前壳寡糖处理的果实发病率与病斑直径分别比对照显著降低了16.37%和17.57%。随着贮藏期间的延长,壳寡糖处理杏果实PAL、GLU、CHT的活性和木质素、HRGP的含量均表现出先上升后下降的变化趋势,且始终显著高于同期对照,并分别在接种后第21、28、21、28和14天达到峰值,峰值比同期对照分别显著提高12.17%、78.22%、31.41%、34.81%和77.44%。研究表明,采前壳寡糖处理能通过诱导提高杏果实病程相关蛋白及细胞壁HRGP和木质素的含量来增强杏果实对黑斑病的抗性。 相似文献
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病原激发子对番茄阴离子过氧化物酶表达与反应性氧迸发的诱导 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用Northern印迹法和鲁米诺化学发光示分析抗性的,近等位基因的敏感番茄细胞株阴离子过氧化物酶基因的转录和细胞反应性氧变化,发现病原真菌的激发子和外源H2O2均能促进抗性番茄细胞中阴离子过氧化物酶转录。激发子还能刺激抗性细胞中反应性氧水平暂时急剧升高。敏感番茄细胞对激发子或H2O2没有响应。Ca^2+和磷脂酶C的抑制剂硫酸新霉素分别促进和抑制激发子诱导下抗性细胞反应性氧增加。 相似文献
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采用Nortnern印迹法和鲁米诺化学发光法分析抗性的、近等位基因的敏感番茄细胞株阴离子过氧化物酶基因的转录和细胞反应性氧变化,发现病原真菌的激发子和外源H2O2均能促进抗性番茄细胞中阴离子过氧化物酶转录。激发子还能刺激抗性细胞中反应性氧水平暂时急剧升高。敏感番茄细胞对激发子或H2O2没有响应。Ca2 和磷脂酶C的抑制剂硫酸新霉素分别促进和抑制激发子诱导下抗性细胞反应性氧增加。 相似文献
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孙凯迪;蒯鹏;吕静;娄永根 《昆虫学报》2024,(4):549-558
【目的】利用化学激发子提高植物抗虫性从而抑制害虫,是目前正在开发的一种新型的害虫绿色防治技术。本研究旨在解析一种化学激发子——多效唑(paclobutrazol, PBZ)提高水稻Oryza savita对稻飞虱抗性的机理,以期为其在害虫防控中的应用打下基础。【方法】用不同浓度PBZ以根吸的方法处理秀水110品种水稻24 h后接入褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera初孵若虫,测定接虫后不同时间若虫存活率;用含有5和10 mg/L PBZ或者防御化合物[咖啡酰腐胺、刺苞菊苷和樱桃苷(1和10 mg/L)及芥子酰胍丁胺(0.1和1 mg/L)]的稻飞虱人工饲料饲喂以及用5和20 mg/L PBZ溶液喷施褐飞虱若虫后,测定褐飞虱若虫存活率;5 mg/L PBZ根吸处理水稻、褐飞虱若虫为害和5 mg/L PBZ根吸处理水稻再接褐飞虱若虫后,测定水稻体内水杨酸(salicylic acid, SA)、过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide, H2O2)和乙烯(ethylene, ET)以及防御化合物芥子酰胍丁胺、咖啡酰腐胺、刺苞菊苷和樱桃苷的含量。【结果】与对照(根吸不含PBZ的营养液的水稻)相比,5 mg/L PBZ根吸处理水稻,接虫后3 d时褐飞虱若虫存活率降低33.3%;当PBZ浓度达到20 mg/L时,接虫后4 d时褐飞虱若虫全部死亡,但PBZ本身对褐飞虱若虫没有直接的毒杀作用。与对照组相比,5 mg/L PBZ根吸处理24 h后不接褐飞虱为害放置24 h时水稻植株体内SA含量显著上升,5 mg/L PBZ根吸处理水稻24 h再接褐飞虱若虫为害72 h时H2O2含量显著上升,5 mg/L PBZ根吸处理24 h后不接褐飞虱为害放置48-96 h、褐飞虱为害24-72 h及5 mg/L PBZ根吸处理水稻24 h再接褐飞虱若虫为害48-96 h ET释放量均显著下降,5 mg/L PBZ根吸处理诱导了水稻植株中咖啡酰腐胺和芥子酰胍丁胺2种酚胺类化合物以及刺苞菊苷和樱桃苷2种黄酮类化合物含量的显著上升。在褐飞虱人工饲料中添加1或10 mg/L的咖啡酰腐胺、芥子酰胍丁胺、刺苞菊苷或樱桃苷,可有效降低褐飞虱若虫存活率。【结论】PBZ是一种有效的化学激发子,可以通过激活水稻的SA和H2O2通路、抑制ET通路,诱导水稻相关防御化合物的合成,提高水稻对褐飞虱的抗性。 相似文献
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植物细胞胞外碱化反应及氧爆发是植物免疫反应中的重要早期事件。通过这两个细胞反应特征来发现具有潜在的诱导植物抗性反应的真菌菌株。以分离自大连凌水桥附近海域潮间带繁茂膜海绵(Hymeniacidon perleve)的50株真菌为受试菌株,通过烟草植物细胞的胞外碱化反应筛选目标菌株,发现了菌株HMP-F96的粗代谢物能够显著诱导烟草细胞发生碱化反应并产生过氧化氢。通过形态学观察和分子生物学方法鉴定该菌株为布雷正青霉(Eupenicillium brefeldianum)。为进一步研究该菌株的活性代谢产物奠定了基础。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌对番茄信号物质的诱导效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
盆栽番茄Lycopersicon esculentum幼苗分别接种丛枝菌根(AM)真菌摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae、地表球囊霉G.versiforme、根内球囊霉G.intraradices、幼套球囊霉G.etunicatum及珠状巨孢囊霉Gigaspora margarita 35d后,开始测定番茄植株内源信号物质水杨酸(SA)、茉莉酸(JA)、一氧化氮(NO)和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量变化,抗性相关酶活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量以及生长量等指标。结果表明,接种AM真菌增加了番茄植株鲜重、株高、地上部和地下部干重、叶片和根系NO、JA、H2O2含量和结合态SA含量,其中,以摩西球囊霉G.mosseae诱导作用最大,叶片和根系内NO、JA、H2O2和结合态SA含量分别比对照增加了3.3和1.9倍、6.8和8.0倍、0.9和1.2倍、1.9和2.6倍,而根系中游离态SA含量一直处于较低水平,只有摩西球囊霉G.mosseae处理在诱导高峰时根系游离态SA含量比对照略有增加。接种AM真菌处理的番茄叶片和根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性显著增加,其中以摩西球囊霉G.mosseae的诱导效应最大,与未接种对照相比分别增加了0.6和0.3倍、7.9和3.1倍、0.4和1.2倍、2.3和1.9倍;幼套球囊霉G.etunicatum的诱导效应最小:与未接种对照相比分别增加了0.26和0.14倍、2.3和1.0倍、0.1和0.28倍、0.55和0.31倍;而MDA含量下降,分别降低了66%和68%、34%和41%、51%和50%、12%和26%、18%和29%。表明AM真菌能诱导植物同时产生多种信号物质,而且这些信号参与了AM真菌-番茄共生体系统抗性的表达。 相似文献
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研究室内外条件下,海洋芽孢杆菌不同处理物对番茄防御酶系的诱导作用。分别使用不同浓度芽孢杆菌B-9987发酵液和无细胞滤液喷施番茄植株,于室内外两种环境条件下养殖,测定了处理11d内番茄5种防御酶的变化趋势。两种处理诱导抗性结果显示,在两种环境条件下处理植株苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(ppo)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)较空白对照植株酶活性均有不同程度增加。除超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)外,室内环境较室外更利于B-9987菌株处理液对番茄防御酶系的诱导作用发挥;相同环境条件下,发酵液的处理诱导活性较强。B-9987菌株对番茄防御酶系有较好的诱导作用,但诱导作用的发挥受环境条件影响明显。 相似文献
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Peng Ying Zhang Jin Chang Wang Sheng Hao Liu Kao Shan Chen 《Journal of Phytopathology》2009,157(4):201-207
The ability of burdock fructooligosaccharide (BFO), a type of linear fructooligosaccharide extracted and isolated from the roots of Arctium lappa , to induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR) was studied in cucumber seedlings. BFO strongly induced changes in salicylic acid (SA) and SA-glucoside (SAG) in BFO-treated leaves, and similar changes of SA and SAG were also found in untreated leaves of the same seedling. The level of SA in the first leaves sprayed with BFO (5.0 g/l) increased by 3.6 times after 24 h and then gradually declined from 48 to 96 h and finally decreased to a nadir at 120 h. The SAG level increased by 2.1 times at 24 h and then continued to increase to about 10.0 times as much as that in control from 96 to 120 h. The levels of SA in the untreated leaves of the same seedling only increased by 1.6–1.9 times during the period of 24–72 h followed by a decrease at 120 h, while SAG increased by 1.1 times at 24 h but steadily continued to increase to its maximum from 24 to 120 h. In summary, the patterns of expression of SA and SAG in the untreated leaf were similar to that of the treated leaf of the same seedling, while the pattern of expression of SAG was quite different from that of SA both in the treated and untreated leaves. Pretreatment with BFO reduced the lesions caused by Colletotrichum orbiculare by 56.8%. Additionally, the amount of lignin and the activities of some defensive enzymes including peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, polyphenoloxidase and β-1,3-glucanase significantly increased in the first leaves pretreated with BFO and followed with C. orbiculare inoculation. These results demonstrate that BFO can enhance the contents of endogenous SA, the resistance against C. orbiculare , and the activities of defensive enzymes of cucumber seedlings. 相似文献
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Any change in a plant that occurs following herbivory or environmental factors is an induced response. These changes include
phytochemical induction, increases in physical defenses, emission of volatiles that attract predators and parasitoids of herbivores,
and reduction in plant nutritional quality for herbivores, which is termed induced resistance. Induced resistance has been
demonstrated ubiquitously in plants. It is one of our goals to review what is known about the induced resistance to herbivorous
insects in cotton, including three resistance secondary metabolites (terpenoid, tannin, and flavonoids) that are contained
at any significant levels of resistance to herbivorous insects in cotton cultivates. In many cases, the quantities or quality
of secondary metabolites in plant are changed after attacked by insects. This review focuses on induced plant resistance as
quantitative or qualitative enhancement of defense mechanism against insect pests, especially on the abiotic-elicitors-induced
resistance in cotton plants. The abiotic-elicitor of cupric chloride, an exogenous inorganic compound, may induce the secondary
metabolites accumulation and is referred to as a copperinducible elicitor (CIE). Finally, we discuss how copperinducible elicitor
may be used in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system for cotton resistance control. 相似文献
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Any change in a plant that occurs following herbivory or environmental factors is an induced response. These changes include phytochemical induction, increases in physical defenses, emission of volatiles that attract predators and parasitoids of herbivores, and reduction in plant nutritional quality for herbivores, which is termed induced resistance. Induced resistance has been demon-strated ubiquitously in plants. It is one of our goals to review what is known about the induced resistance to herbivorous insects in cotton, including three resistance secondary metabolites (terpenoid, tannin, and flavonoids) that are contained at any significant levels of resistance to herbivorous insects in cotton cultivates. In many cases, the quantities or quality of secondary metabolites in plant are changed after attacked by insects. This review focuses on induced plant resistance as quantitative or qualitative enhancement of defense mechanism against insect pests, especially on the abiotic-elicitors-induced resistance in cotton plants. The abiotic-elicitor of cupric chloride, an exogenous inorganic compound, may induce the second-ary metabolites accumulation and is referred to as a copper-inducible elicitor (CIE). Finally, we discuss how copper-inducible elicitor may be used in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system for cotton resistance control. 相似文献
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S. K. Sabbagh M. Roudini N. Panjehkeh 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2017,50(7-8):375-388
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生防菌诱导植物系统抗性及其生化和细胞学机制 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
生防菌通常可利用竞争、抗生、寄生和交叉保护等直接的拮抗机制抑制植物病害;同时某些生防菌还能促进植物生长,诱导植物对真菌、细菌和病毒引起的病害乃至对线虫和昆虫为害的抗性,称为诱导系统抗性(ISR).ISR具有非特异性、广谱性和系统性,其在表型上与病原菌侵染激发的系统获得抗性(SAR)相似,具有同样的效率;但在寄主植物上不发生过敏性坏死反应(HR),无可见症状,为发展和改善更加安全而环境友好的植物保护策略开辟了新的思路.本文总结了生防真菌和细菌诱导系统抗性及其激发子和信号转导途径等方面的研究进展,重点阐述了寄主防御反应的生化和细胞学机制,并对ISR在植物病害生物防治中的应用前景进行了展望. 相似文献
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Plant’s own defence mechanisms can be stimulated by the application of elicitors for its protection. We evaluated the ability of Headline (Pyraclostrobin 20% WG) to induce systemic resistance in 40-day-old field-grown groundnut plants by foliar application. Elevated levels of defence-related enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, β 1,3 glucanase, nitrate and nitrite reductase and other biochemical parameters such as total phenol, total protein, total carbohydrate and total chlorophyll content were found highest in Headline treated plants on fourth day after treatment in comparison with untreated plants. The treated plants showed enhanced growth and development as well as increased yield up to 16%. About 10% mortality rate was found in groundnut seeds treated with Headline when grown on Sclerotium rolfsii-infested soil than control. These results indicate that foliar application of Headline can be successfully developed the broad-spectrum resistance against pathogens in groundnut. 相似文献
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以采后\"红地球\"葡萄果实为试材,分别设置对照(CK)、250μL/L臭氧处理(O3)、0.3%海藻酸钠涂膜处理(M)、250μL/L臭氧+0.3%海藻酸钠涂膜处理(O3+M),在(0±0.5)℃条件下贮藏,通过测定贮藏过程中葡萄可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、呼吸强度、硬度、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、几丁质酶(CHI)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(GLU)的活性以及膜脂过氧化物质丙二醛(MDA)和总酚含量等的变化,统计果实失重率与腐烂率情况,观察各处理对葡萄保藏效果的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,250μL/L臭氧处理、0.3%海藻酸钠涂膜及250μL/L臭氧+0.3%海藻酸钠涂膜复合处理均能显著降低葡萄果实的失重率和腐烂率,抑制葡萄果实的呼吸上升,延缓硬度下降,提高果实抗性相关酶(POD、SOD、GLU、CHI)的活性,减少膜脂的过氧化程度,延缓果实总酚含量下降,有效改善葡萄的贮藏品质,并以250μL/L臭氧+0.3%海藻酸钠涂膜复合处理对葡萄果实保鲜效果最佳。 相似文献