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1.
非繁殖期大仓鼠对同种气味的反应和个体间的行为关系   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
在实验室通过对陌生成年大仓鼠(Cricetulustriton)非繁殖期的气味偏好,性别选择和两鼠间的行为关系的实验研究表明,用Y-型迷宫进行选择测试时,与空白组比较,大仓鼠了同种个体鼠垫的气味,在雌雄巢垫气味之间,雌鼠偏好雄性巢垫的气味,雄鼠不表现性别偏好,与空白组比较,被试鼠选择同种个体;在雌雄个体之间,雄性大仓鼠选择同性个体,雌性不表现性别偏好,在观察箱内,无论同性相遇还是异性相遇,两鼠间攻  相似文献   

2.
棕色田鼠对熟悉和陌生异性尿液的识别   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
任宝军  邰发道 《兽类学报》2006,26(3):285-291
本文通过直接接触和非直接接触尿液的方式,探讨了棕色田鼠尿液中挥发性和非挥发性成分在气味识别中的作用。结果表明在直接接触的情况下,棕色田鼠对熟悉异性鼠的尿液表现出明显的选择倾向;在非接触情况下这种倾向不明显;雌雄棕色田鼠在非接触情况下共处后,在直接接触尿液时,雌雄鼠都对异性熟悉鼠的尿液表现出明显的选择倾向。通过实验发现棕色田鼠不但能够在直接接触的情况下识别熟悉和陌生异性鼠尿液,而且能够通过感知个体产生的挥发性化学物质而对陌生的异性个体形成记忆,在以后通过其尿液对其进行识别,而在此过程中尿液中非挥发性成分可能也起着一定作用。  相似文献   

3.
张立  房继明  孙儒泳 《兽类学报》2001,21(4):292-300
研究了成年布氏田鼠在10min内,对不同光照周期下(长光照:LD;短光照:SD)陌生雌/雄个体尿液和粪便两种单一个体气味源的气味行为反应,实验发现:所有雌雄被试鼠对LD气味源比SD气味源表现出更多的嗅闻行为。LD和SD被试鼠对同性/异性尿液气味的嗅闻行为没有表现出明显的差别,但LD被试雄鼠对陌生雌鼠粪便的嗅闻频次显多于SD被试雄鼠,从嗅闻行为特征量(嗅闻行为占所有行为的百分比)来看,所有LD和SD被试雌,雄鼠对尿液的嗅 明显多于粪便,除SD粪便气味外,被试鼠对异性气味源的嗅闻明显多于同性,实验结果表明:作为两种个体气味源,尿液和粪便都带有季节性信息,而且是具有性别特性的。异性的个体气味源比同性的个体气味源更具吸引力;长光照动物的个体气味比短光照动物的气味更具吸引力。  相似文献   

4.
为探究黄毛鼠的婚配制度,通过雌雄黄毛鼠对熟悉和陌生异性鼠的选择实验和遭遇实验,分析了熟悉性对两性间行为的影响.结果发现,选择实验中雌鼠对陌生雄鼠的关注频次比对熟悉雄鼠的更多;遭遇实验中尽管雌鼠探究和自身修饰行为、雄鼠的活动和攻击行为在遭遇熟悉或陌生异性鼠时有差异,但雌雄鼠的友好行为均无显著差异,暗示黄毛鼠是多配制,但需...  相似文献   

5.
大仓鼠在繁殖期的行为关系及交配行为   总被引:19,自引:5,他引:14  
张健旭  张知彬 《兽类学报》1999,19(2):132-142
在Y型迷宫中进行气味选择测定时,被试大仓鼠偏好异性的气味,证明身体气味有性吸引和性识别作用。在Y型迷宫进行性别选择测定时,在雌雄靶鼠个体之间,被试大仓鼠不表现出性别偏好,这是攻击行为和交配行为共同影响的结果;与空白相比较,被试鼠都选择靶鼠,说明独居大仓鼠之间存在频繁的探究行为。通过观察箱内对两鼠间的行为关系的观察发现,异性之间主要有攻击行为和交配行为;同性之间主要发生攻击行为,同时胜鼠或优势鼠的胁腺标记行为显著多于从属鼠,说明胁腺标记可以表明优势地位;雄鼠与非性接受状态的雌鼠相遇时,攻击行为很少,但无友好行为,只有简单的雄鼠爬跨雌鼠的行为;任何陌生的雄鼠与性接受状态的雌鼠相遇发生交配行为,交配结束又相互攻击;交配行为表现为多次爬跨多次射精;雄鼠有库利奇(Coolidge)效应,雌鼠可以连续接受几只雄鼠的交配,表明大仓鼠为多配制的婚配制度。从行为关系和交配行为看大仓鼠在繁殖期独居,无固定的配偶  相似文献   

6.
根田鼠的熟悉性及其自然动情下的配偶选择   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
报道了在室内雌鼠自然动情条件下根田鼠两性个体配偶选择的 3种熟悉性效应的 5组实验结果 ,包括雌性对熟悉和陌生雄鼠、配偶和陌生雄鼠、配偶和熟悉雄鼠的择偶行为实验 ,雄性对熟悉和陌生雌鼠、配偶和陌生雌鼠的择偶行为实验。在实验前 ,将 1对性成熟的雌雄鼠 (非亲缘关系 )每天关养8h共 8d建立熟悉性 ;配对雌雄鼠至少生育 1胎则为配偶关系。在Y形迷宫内的 30min实验中 ,两个被选择鼠分别以项链拴在横跨选择箱顶端中央的一根铁丝上 ,限制它们在各自箱内活动 ;而允许异性选择鼠从中立箱自由进入两个选择箱。记录选择鼠对异性被选择鼠的访问、社会探究、攻击、交配和友好行为的频次和时间。经Wilcoxon关联样本T检验发现 ,除交配行为不显著外 ,雌性根田鼠均选择熟悉性较高的雄鼠 ;而雄鼠不具这种选择性。该结果提示雌雄根田鼠的不同择偶行为也许就是反映该种婚配制度特征的直接行为过程。因此 ,在择偶行为中 ,雌性根田鼠表现的单配性倾向和雄鼠的多配性倾向 ,只能以其婚配制度为一雄多雌制的假设来解释。我们的实验还说明在多配制田鼠中 ,一雄多雌制与混交制在雌鼠择偶行为上是不同的 ,而与单配制的相似或相近 ,故简单地比较多配制与单配制则不能反映田鼠亚科动物婚配制度的多样性。  相似文献   

7.
实施不育后高原鼠兔攻击行为及激素水平变化的研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
魏万红  樊乃昌 《兽类学报》1999,19(2):119-131
在高原鼠兔的繁殖盛期选定怀孕雌鼠和发情雄鼠各20只,采用所选雌性不育剂和雄必不育剂的半不育剂量分别对10只雌鼠和10只雄鼠进行处理,通过室内雌雌,雌雄,雄雄配对实验对20只处理个体和20只对照个体的攻击行为进行了研究,同时对其生殖激素的水平进行了测定。结果表明:(1)不育处理后,雌雄动物的活动性降低,亲昵行为持续时间增加,攻南 及防御行为持续的时间和发生频次明显低于对照组个体;(2)在各组内,雌雄  相似文献   

8.
目前许多学者都在做气味对动物的行为影响实验,本实验以黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)为研究对象,探讨同性尿液对黑线姬鼠行为的影响。实验数据显示黑线姬鼠对同性尿液气味反应明显,嗅舔时间长,嗅舔频次高,并且雌雄个体之间有差异。  相似文献   

9.
张通  王希  张启信  李进华 《兽类学报》2022,42(4):370-378
友好和冲突行为决定了群居动物的社会结构及其表现形式,表现为个体间近距差异。但目前尚不清楚藏酋猴个体间亲近关系的差异性是否会影响冲突和攻击的强度。本研究于2020年9月至2021年5月对栖息于安徽黄山的藏酋猴鱼鳞坑YA1群进行跟踪观察,采用目标动物取样法采集行为数据,全事件记录法用于攻击行为数据的补充,分析个体间近距、理毛和攻击行为矩阵的关系,并采用GLMM模型探讨攻击行为的影响因素。结果显示:藏酋猴个体间近距指数越大,理毛时间越长;个体间近距指数矩阵与攻击总次数、轻度攻击和重度攻击次数矩阵均呈显著正相关;个体间亲近关系越紧密,攻击次数和强度越大,但相较雄性间和异性间,雌性间攻击次数和强度最小。这些结果表明,个体间近距持续时间会增加理毛和攻击行为的可能性,雌性个体间社会关系更稳定,但并未发现藏酋猴根据个体间亲近关系调整攻击强度。本研究为进一步了解多雌多雄的藏酋猴群体的社会关系和社会结构提供了数据支持。  相似文献   

10.
配偶偏好是单配制物种在配偶选择实验中偏好配偶而不是陌生异性个体的行为,配偶选择行为是检验物种婚配体系的重要行为学指标。子午沙鼠Meriones meridianus是我国西北荒漠草原地区的优势鼠种,其种群的迁徙与扩散对环境变化有良好的指示作用,但其婚配体系还不清楚。本实验系统观察了室内繁殖的F1代子午沙鼠的配偶偏好行为,结果表明雌性子午沙鼠在配对3 d后与配偶鼠的接触时间和探究频次均显著高于陌生鼠(P0.05);配对10 d后与配偶鼠的接触时间和探究频次均极显著高于陌生鼠(P0.01);与配偶鼠的接触时间在配对10 d后极显著高于配对3 d后(P0.01),而探究频次降低(P0.01);与陌生鼠的接触时间刚好相反,配对10 d后显著低于配对3 d后(P0.01)。雄性子午沙鼠在配对3 d后对配偶鼠和陌生鼠的接触时间和探究频次均没有差异,然而在配对10 d后对配偶鼠的接触时间和探究频次均极显著高于陌生鼠(P0.01);配对10 d后对配偶鼠的接触时间极显著高于配对3 d后(P0.01),配对10 d后对陌生鼠的接触时间极显著低于配对3 d后(P0.01);配对10 d后对配偶鼠和陌生鼠的探究频次均极显著低于配对3 d后(P0.01)。通过上述实验分析推断,雌雄子午沙鼠均可形成稳定的配偶偏好,具有单配制物种的行为特征。  相似文献   

11.
25-minute testing of aggressive reactions in constant pairs of male rats, elicited by electric shocks shows that electro-pain aggression of rats is not a homogeneous process, but consists of three successive stages: orienting-investigatory activity and attempts to get out of the chamber; defensive aggression; establishing of relations of domination-subordination and attacking aggression. Division in attacking rats and defending themselves, occurs mainly at final stages of testing (15-25 min); in some pairs reactions of attacking aggression are accomplished by the same rats. It is supposed that rats pain aggression is not a purely defensive form of this behaviour, but a modification of intermale aggression caused by specificity of laboratory conditions.  相似文献   

12.
Male solitary animals frequently enter aggressive interactions with conspecific individuals to protect their territory or to gain access to females. After an agonistic encounter, the loser (subordinate individual) changes its behaviour from aggression to avoidance. We investigated agonistic interactions between pairs of male crickets to understand how dominance is established and maintained. Two na?ve males readily entered into agonistic interactions. Fights escalated in a stereotyped manner and were concluded with the establishment of dominance. If individuals were isolated after the first encounter and placed together 15 minutes later, subordinate crickets tended to avoid any further contact with the former dominant opponent. Moreover, subordinate males also avoided unfamiliar dominant and na?ve opponents. They displayed aggressive behaviour only towards unfamiliar subordinate opponents. This suggests that the subordinate male change their behaviour depending on the dominance status of the opponent. Dominant crickets, in contrast, displayed aggressive behaviour towards familiar as well as unfamiliar opponents. If the interval between the first and second encounter was longer than 30 minutes, the former subordinate male showed aggressive behaviour again. However, if the subordinate cricket was paired with the same opponent three consecutive times within 45 minutes, it avoided the former dominant opponent for up to 6 hours following the third encounter. Our results suggest that the maintenance of dominance in male crickets depends largely on the behavioural change of subordinate individuals. Possible mechanisms to maintain dominance are discussed.  相似文献   

13.
Two types of colonies of laboratory mice were employed; hierarchically organized ones formed by placing five unfamiliar 8-week-old mice in a cage together and amicably organized colonies in which four male litter mates were kept together throughout the whole period of the experiment. During a 21-day pre-experimental period intra-colony aggressive behaviour was recorded. A dominant animal and ranked subordinates occurred in every hierarchical colony, whilst no aggression was recorded in any of the amicable colonies. During a 25-day period unfamiliar adult male or female mice were introduced daily into the amicable or hierarchical colonies for 10 min. In a third experiment juvenile mice 17, 24, 31 or 38 days old were introduced into hierarchically organized colonies during a 20-day period. In all hierarchical colonies the stranger was attacked irrespective of sex and age; the majority of attacks were carried out by the dominant mouse. Aggression by the dominant declined exponentially throughout the experimental period and regression analyses compared the different data. Unfamiliar adult females were the recipients of fewer attacks than unfamiliar adult males and the age of juvenile strangers was found to be an important factor. Amicably organized mice initially did not attack strangers, but over a period of 25 days the number of attacks on unfamiliar males gradually increased.  相似文献   

14.
For group-living animals, discriminating among individuals and chasing unfamiliar strangers away from the home range are important to protect their territory. Previously, we reported that the familiar individual information conveyed by urine results in less aggressive behavior by resident male mice toward intruders. A resident male is aggressive toward an intruding unfamiliar castrated C57BL/6J mouse (unfamiliar castrated male [UFC]), whereas there is less aggression by the resident male when the UFC is swabbed with urine collected from the resident's cage mate. Urine is affected by various factors, including the environment. In this study, we investigated the effect of 2 living environments, the early developmental environment and the adult diet, on individual information conveyed in urine. Aggressive behavior toward UFCs was lower when UFCs were swabbed with cage mate urine or urine from a cage mate's littermate that was not living with the resident male (UFCL). Litters were cross-fostered, and we examined whether the pre- or postnatal period was important for formation of individual urine odor. The resident male displayed attack bites toward UFCs that were his cage mate's littermates but were fostered by another C57BL/6J dam. In addition, a castrated male that was reared with a cage mate (sharing the same postnatal environment) but that was not his littermate was also attacked by the resident male, suggesting that littermates that share the same pre- and postnatal environments provide similar (or identical) information, which inhibits aggression. In adulthood, even after dietary changes, the resident male showed less aggression toward UFCs when the UFCs were swabbed with the cage mate's urine, which was collected before a dietary change, indicating that individual information was not affected by dietary conditions in adulthood. In a habituation-dishabituation test, resident mice could discriminate among all pairs of mouse urine from each group. These results suggest that olfactory cues containing individual information are shared among littermates, and both the pre- and postnatal environments are important for formation of the information that inhibits aggressive behavior. This individual information might differ from the odor that is used for discriminating in the habituation-dishabituation test.  相似文献   

15.
We examined male–male competition in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to test for evidence of hierarchy formation and any subsequent effects on male mating success by comparing the interactions of pairs of males that were siblings and life‐long tank mates with those of unrelated pairs that had never met. These pairs of males were first observed in the absence of a female; then a female was added to gauge the effects of the initial male–male interactions on male sexual behaviour. The unfamiliar/unrelated pairs engaged in significantly more aggressive interactions such as physical contacts, nipping and chasing than the familiar/related pairs. Based on several previous studies, we suggest that familiarity played a greater role than relatedness in the differences in behaviour that we observed. Our results suggest that, in some circumstances, more aggressive males may have more mating opportunities than less aggressive males. Our results also indicate that males adjust their aggressive and courtship behaviours to the perceived intensity of competition for mates, based on the number of mature males in their rearing tanks. We suggest that male–male competition for mating opportunities may play a more important role in the guppy mating system than previously thought.  相似文献   

16.
Male Madagascar hissing cockroaches, Gromphadorhina portentosa Schaum (Dictyoptera: Blaberidae) have a well‐defined dominance hierarchy that has been assumed to explain the outcome of most competitive interactions. We studied whether males of this species would alter their level of aggression towards unfamiliar rivals as a function of changing resource availability and value – two factors that are key to aggression levels in non‐hierarchical species. We quantified male aggression as three variables (aggressive state – behaviours measured by their duration; aggressive act – behaviours measured by their frequency of occurrence; aggressive latency – the latency to first aggressive behaviour, either state or act) and tested for any context‐specific variation within each by manipulating both territorial status (males were either residents or intruders) and access to mates (female present or absent). Both the presence of a female and territorial status affected male aggression towards rivals as measured by duration of aggressive state. Highest levels of aggression were displayed by residents when a female was present. These results show that inter‐male aggression in G. portentosa is tuned to the immediate expected payoff from fighting, and not exclusively aimed at establishing dominance relationships (which can affect future payoffs).  相似文献   

17.
The endocrine control mechanisms for female mammalian aggression have been largely unstudied. Although it has been proposed that androgens may modulate female aggressive behavior in a similar manner to males, very little conclusive evidence exists. Previous work in male marmosets found that post‐encounter increases in testosterone (T) were dependent on the intensity of aggression displayed during the aggressive encounter. We exposed female marmosets (Callithrix kuhlii), a monogamous and biparental primate, to aggressive interactions with unfamiliar intruders. Individual female marmosets exhibited changes in T and estradiol (E2) that are associated with aggressiveness dependent on the intensity of aggression displayed as well as their role during the encounter. Resident females exhibited increased E2 immediately following an encounter in which they displayed high rates of aggression. If resident females received high rates of aggression from the intruder, the resident displayed increased T 24 hr following the encounter. Interestingly, if the female was an intruder in the encounter, the intensity of her aggression was associated with increased cortisol immediately following the trials, whereas received aggression was associated with increased T and E2 immediately following the trial. Female primates do exhibit situation‐dependent changes in gonadal steroids in association with aggression that may serve to prime them for future aggressive interactions. Am. J. Primatol. 73:1072–1081, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

18.
We conducted an experimental study to test the hypothesis that, at low female availability, males show intrasexual aggressive behaviour and home range owners are more aggressive than home range intruders. Using field dyadic arena test, we carried out 35 male–male trials in four 0.25 ha enclosures, two male-biased (experimental enclosures) and two unbiased (control enclosures). Dyadic encounters were conducted between unrelated and sexually mature males of similar weight and age which established home ranges in the same enclosure at the same trapping session. Each inter-male encounter was performed in the home range of one of the opponents between the home range owner and a home range intruder. When sex ratios were male-biased, inter-male amicable behaviour was absent and we found significant rates of inter-male aggressiveness, being home range owners much more aggressive than intruders. In the unbiased enclosures, inter-male encounters resulted mainly in noninteractive or amicable interactions. We found that inter-male aggression varied in relation to female availability being more evident in home range owners.  相似文献   

19.
It has been shown that nitric oxide (NO) increases aggression in male mice, whereas it decreases aggression in lactating female mice and prairie voles. It is also known that aggression can be exhibited at different levels in rodent species, strain or subtypes. The aims of this study were to investigate the proportion of aggressiveness in Wistar rats, the effect of intraperitoneally administered nonspecific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME (NG-nitro L-arginine methyl ester) on maternal aggression towards female intruders, and whether these effects are due to NO production or not. Rats were given saline intraperitoneally on the postpartum Day 2 and aggression levels were recorded. The same rats were given 60 mg/kg L-NAME or D-NAME (NG-nitro D-arginine methyl ester) on the postpartum Day 3 and their effects on aggression levels were compared to saline. While L-NAME administration did not cause any differences in the total number of aggressive behavior, aggression duration and aggression intensity, it reduced the proportion of animals showing aggressive behavior. In addition, the latency of the first aggression was significantly increased by L-NAME. In the D-NAME group, however, no significant change was found. Our results have shown that L-NAME reduces maternal aggression towards female intruders in Wistar rats through inhibition of NO production. These results suggest that the role of NO in offensive and defensive maternal aggression shares neural mechanisms.  相似文献   

20.
Aggressive behavior can be studied as either offensive or defensive responses to a stimulus. The studies discussed in this review are focused on the peripubertal development of offensive aggression in male golden hamsters and its responsiveness to repeated social stress. Quantitative and qualitative changes in offensive responses were analyzed during this period. Quantitative changes in offensive responses were observed as decreased frequency of attacks. Qualitative changes were observed as changes in attack types, as animals reorient their attacks gradually from the face to the lower belly and rump. These developmental changes were altered by repeated exposure to social stress during early puberty. Daily exposure to aggressive adults during early puberty accelerated the qualitative development of offensive responses and the onset of adult-like offensive responses. In contrast, social stress had little effect on the quantitative changes associated with early puberty. However, social stress was associated with higher attack frequency during adulthood. These effects of stress during early puberty contrast with those observed with animals in late puberty. At that time, repeated exposure to aggressive adults inhibits offensive aggression. These data constitute the basis for a new theory on the development of agonistic behavior that includes the following hypotheses. First, it is hypothesized that mid-puberty is marked by a change in responsiveness to repeated social stress. As such, differences in stress responsiveness from social interactions are interpreted as a basic distinction between play fighting and adult aggression. Second, it is also hypothesized that a common neural circuitry mediates the activation of offensive responses during play fighting and adult aggressive interactions.  相似文献   

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