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1.
图形形状和空间位置知觉的ERP研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究图形表状和空间位置知觉任务与单纯图形形状知觉任务所诱发的ERP反应,探讨同时注意物体的两种不同特征是与仅注意其中一种特征时的ERP特性与差别。实验结果为:(1)行为数据显示,两种任务的正确率没有显著差别,但形状和空间位置知觉任务的反应时显著低于单纯形状知觉任务;(2)ERP数据显示,两种任务表现出非常相近的ERP波形特征;在大脑后部区域微弱的P1成分,非常显著的N1成分,显著的P2,N2,P3成分;在大脑前部额区显著的P2成分,并且,与单纯形状知觉任务相比,图形形状和空间位置知觉任务表现枕颞区N2波幅的显著减弱,P3潜伏期的显著缩短,额区的P2波幅的显微减弱;(3)脑电表图与分辨率断层成象(LORETA)显示,两种任务的特征波N1成分均来源于双侧的枕颞皮层,表明两种任务均涉及到与物体形状识别相关的视皮层腹侧通路,而差别波dN2成分来源于在侧枕颞区,暗示特征加工的差异主要发生在左侧枕颞区。  相似文献   

2.
形状和空间位置知觉两条通路的功能磁共振研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
利用功能磁共振成像(fMRI) 技术,研究在处理形状知觉、位置知觉和特定形状图形的空间位置知觉的情况下,人类视皮层背侧(Dorsal stream) 和腹侧(Ventral stream) 两条通路是怎样反应的。结果发现:形状知觉仅引起腹侧通路的兴奋;空间位置的知觉引起背侧通路的兴奋;特定形状的空间位置知觉引起腹侧通路和背侧通路的共同兴奋。这一结果丰富了对人类视觉皮层的两条通路在功能上定位的认识。  相似文献   

3.
理解他人心理并进行人际互动是人类交往的认知基础,人所持有的信念直接决定着个体的心理活动.为了研究推测他人信念的认知神经机制,记录并分析了14名健康成人执行“欺骗外表”任务时的32导脑电数据.错误信念与正确信念问题呈现后,均在头皮中前部诱发了N100,P200和晚期负成分(LNC).LNC从400ms左右开始,一直持续到1200ms结束.在400~800ms,错误信念LNC显著低于正确信念.对错误信念减正确信念所得差异波进行源分析,发现偶极子定位于扣带回中部皮层.这些发现表明,错误信念推理中可能包含了抑制加工.  相似文献   

4.
多方式认知功能成像研究进展   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
对大脑结构和功能的深入研究要求认知功能成像技术同时具有高时间分辨率和高空间分辨率.多方式认知功能成像通过不同成像技术fMRI/PET和EEG/MEG的结合,能够同时在空间定位和时间过程上研究大脑认知活动的动态过程.多方式认知功能成像已经被成功地应用于选择性注意、视觉通路、随意运动和语义加工等的研究,并揭示了相关大脑活动的空间和时间特征.今后的研究将进一步提高多方式认知功能成像的时空分辨率和准确性,以更深入地探索认知功能的神经机制.  相似文献   

5.
上下视野空间选择性注意的ERP研究   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
该文主要研究上、下视野空间选择性注意早期所诱发的ERP反应,探讨注意上、下视野视觉信息处理的特征与差别。10名被试的主要实验果为:1)对上、下视野的选择注意产生类似于注意左、右视野时P1、N1,P2的相对增强;2)偶极子定位显示,上、下视野刺激的早期注意反应(P1)以交叉方式投射到枕区,即下视野刺激的注意反应偏向枕区的背侧,而上视野刺激的注意反应偏向枕区的腹侧;3)上下视野的早期注意反应(P1)具  相似文献   

6.
海洛因成瘾者抑制控制加工异常的电生理证据   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
抑制控制功能的异常或障碍是成瘾的核心特征.本研究的主要目的是考察海洛因成瘾者反应抑制加工的时间进程,进而为长期海洛因成瘾者的抑制控制功能障碍提供神经生理学证据.本研究比较了14名海洛因成瘾者(海洛因使用年限(13.54±5.71)年,戒断持续时间(4.67±6.44)月)和14名年龄和教育水平匹配的健康成人在视觉等概率Go/Nogo任务中的ERP成分(N2和P3).结果显示,海洛因成瘾组的Go—N2波幅明显大于对照组,由此导致海洛因成瘾组的N2差异波幅值(Nogo波幅减去Go波幅)显著小于对照组.而两组被试的P3成分无显著差异.此外,无论是N2和P3在头皮的分布还是潜伏期都未发现显著差异.该结果表明,海洛因成瘾者的前中央区皮层在抑制控制过程的200~300ms期间出现异常,且对靶刺激过度加工.这种早期加工的异常很可能反应了海洛因成瘾者在冲突监控阶段存在障碍.  相似文献   

7.
采用事件相关电位(ERP)技术探讨了被试完成地震色词Stroop任务(the earthquake color-matching Stroop task)时的脑内时程动态变化.24名被试都亲身经历了汶川大地震(5.12),其中12名被试为成都灾民(成都组:强烈震感),另外12名来自重庆(重庆组:稍有震感).行为结果发现,只有成都组被试对地震相关词颜色判断的反应时显著长于地震无关词,表现出了明显的地震干扰效应(the earthquake interference effect).ERP结果显示,就成都组被试而言,在刺激出现后的350~450ms内,地震相关词比无关词诱发出一个更加正性的ERP成分(P350~450),最强效应出现在大脑中前部;而重庆组没有表现出明显的ERP干扰效应.对差异波(地震相关词一地震无关词)进行偶极子溯源分析,结果显示,P350~450可能起源于海马旁回.本研究结果表明,P350~450可能反映了成都被试对地震词的注意加工偏向(或创伤性事件的自动激活),从而干扰了其对刺激物理颜仁的判断.  相似文献   

8.
已有的研究结果表明,海马参与记忆的编码和提取,并且它会受到新发生事件与已存储记忆匹配或者不匹配的影响.先前的功能磁共振研究报道,在延迟匹配任务中,目标匹配增强作为一种工作记忆成分,与物体性质和位置的整合有关,能够显著地激活海马体部.但是,关于这一过程的时间信息目前尚不清楚.本研究利用特定癫痫病人在双侧海马植入的深部电极,跨被试间电极触点位置基本一致,因此具有较高的空间分辨率和时间分辨率的优势.我们发现,左侧海马体部在目标匹配增强中起着重要作用.同时,这种效应发生在探测刺激出现后600~650 ms,大约在知觉匹配增强或者P300等知觉效应后200 ms.另外,对于每一个被试,目标匹配增强的潜伏期与平均反应时成正相关.结果揭示,当工作记忆的任务与性质-位置捆绑有关时,海马参与并起重要作用.结果说明,目标匹配增强效应在知觉过程之后发生,表明了工作记忆不同成分在海马的分离.  相似文献   

9.
采用事件相关电位技术研究了在视觉搜索过程中的外源易化和返回抑制(inhibition of return,IOR)的相互关系。当外源注意保持在序列搜索过的位置上时,有一个延时反应(即IOR),伴随其产生的相关脑电成分有:分布在后顶的潜伏期为200 ms 的正差异、分布在前额叶内侧靠左的潜伏期为240 毫秒的负差异,以及分布在两侧颞顶联合区的潜伏期为280 ms 的负差异。而当外源注意保持在平行搜索的位置上时,则出现了明显的易化效应,伴随其产生的脑电成分仅为分布在枕顶区域的潜伏期为280 ms 的负差异。这些结果表明,外源易化和IOR 涉及了不同的脑区和神经过程,从而支持两者在机制上是可分离性的观点。  相似文献   

10.
本研究探讨了中国人采用表达抑制和认知重评调节负性情绪的时间动态特征.被试采用自由观看、表达抑制和认知重评策略观看情绪图片,观看图片的同时采集事件相关电位活动(ERP).结果表明,被试在两种策略下自我报告的负性情绪水平有相似的降低.此外,表达抑制相比认知重评条件在额中央区诱发了更大的P3成分(340~480 ms).更重要的是,相比自由观看条件,表达抑制条件下在800~1000 ms,1000~1200 ms,1200~1400 ms及1400~1600 ms时间窗内晚期正电位(LPP)波幅均出现显著下降.相反,在认知重评条件下,除了在1400~1600 ms时间窗内LPP波幅相比自由观看显著降低;在其他时间窗口内认知重评与自由观看条件均没有显著差异.LPP波幅与负性情绪的评分存在正相关,而P3波幅预测了自我报告的表达抑制水平.这些结果提示,对中国被试而言,表达抑制比认知重评能更快地降低负性情绪唤起水平,但同时也消耗了更多的认知资源.  相似文献   

11.
目的:评估汉字字形刺激源在汉字认知fMRI研究中的有效性,并对参与汉字处理的脑皮层区域进行定位及初步的量化分析。方法:选择母语为汉语、经利手测试后为右利手且裸眼视力正常(大于等于1.0)的在校大学生10例(男6例,女4例)作为被试。试验任务采用组块设计,将汉字(非字、假字、真字)投射到屏幕上,受试者接受汉字字形图片的视觉刺激,按非字-假字-真字-非字-假字-真字顺序呈现,共6个block。数据处理及统计分析采用国际通用的AFNI软件。结果:左额叶上、中、下回(包括Broca's area)、左中央前回(BA6)、左顶上小叶及顶下小叶(包括缘上回及角回)及双侧枕叶、楔前叶显著激活;左颞叶梭状回(BA37)、右额下回及双侧颞中、上回及扣带回显著激活,左大脑半球的激活体积明显大于右侧大脑半球。结论:本研究设计的汉字字形刺激源结合功能磁共振成像技术可以对汉字处理的相关大脑皮层区域进行定位,为研究人脑加工处理汉字的神经机制提供了一种有效的无创性影像学方法,并应用fMRI技术进一步证实其优势半球为左半球,且需要多种脑区共同参与完成。本试验模式可望成为一种对语言障碍病人进行脑功能检查的有效手段,从而为指导临床治疗和评价预后提供更丰富的信息。  相似文献   

12.
Recent brain imaging studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have implicated a frontal-parietal network in the top-down control of attention. However, little is known about the timing and sequence of activations within this network. To investigate these timing questions, we used event-related electrical brain potentials (ERPs) and a specially designed visual-spatial attentional-cueing paradigm, which were applied as part of a multi-methodological approach that included a closely corresponding event-related fMRI study using an identical paradigm. In the first 400 ms post cue, attention-directing and control cues elicited similar general cue-processing activity, corresponding to the more lateral subregions of the frontal-parietal network identified with the fMRI. Following this, the attention-directing cues elicited a sustained negative-polarity brain wave that was absent for control cues. This activity could be linked to the more medial frontal–parietal subregions similarly identified in the fMRI as specifically involved in attentional orienting. Critically, both the scalp ERPs and the fMRI-seeded source modeling for this orienting-related activity indicated an earlier onset of frontal versus parietal contribution (∼400 versus ∼700 ms). This was then followed (∼800–900 ms) by pretarget biasing activity in the region-specific visual-sensory occipital cortex. These results indicate an activation sequence of key components of the attentional-control brain network, providing insight into their functional roles. More specifically, these results suggest that voluntary attentional orienting is initiated by medial portions of frontal cortex, which then recruit medial parietal areas. Together, these areas then implement biasing of region-specific visual-sensory cortex to facilitate the processing of upcoming visual stimuli.  相似文献   

13.
In the last decade many efforts have been made in order to identify brain regions that may be abnormal in obese subjects. Most of the lines of research have examined links between brain circuits, behavioral processing, and overweight. We introduce here a novel analysis to the brain mapping, 'dynamic Brain Self-Reference' (dynBSR), based on the electrical response evoked during passively viewing a simple stimulus. Hypothetically, it should be possible to monitor both task-related networks and task-irrelevant networks during a mental state with low cognitive demand, as shown previously by others using fMRI and establishing the latter as the neural correlates of an 'inherent' brain activation pattern. However, this fact has been usually ignored. Our results showed that a distinct set of interconnected brain regions including, frontal areas (middle, inferior, orbitofrontal, and dorsolateral), dorsal/ventral striatum, thalamus, superior temporal region, insula cortex, post-central gyrus, left supramarginal gyrus, and parietal regions, whose activities seem to be tonically maintained, displays cohesive functional state in obesity during passively viewing a simple stimulus. This organized network is maintained in a dynamic equilibrium with the transient activation of the right supramarginal gyrus. These brain areas have been previously implicated in the regulation of taste, reward, and behavioral processing and most of them have also structural abnormalities regarding normal-weight subjects. Although exploratory, the most important result here is that the evaluation of the visual-evoked responses with dynBSR provides a foundation for investigating the brain circuits in obesity, and becomes the first attempt, to our knowledge, to imply task-irrelevant networks in these individuals.  相似文献   

14.
While there is a growing body of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) evidence implicating a corpus of brain regions in value-based decision-making in humans, the limited temporal resolution of fMRI cannot address the relative temporal precedence of different brain regions in decision-making. To address this question, we adopted a computational model-based approach to electroencephalography (EEG) data acquired during a simple binary choice task. fMRI data were also acquired from the same participants for source localization. Post-decision value signals emerged 200 ms post-stimulus in a predominantly posterior source in the vicinity of the intraparietal sulcus and posterior temporal lobe cortex, alongside a weaker anterior locus. The signal then shifted to a predominantly anterior locus 850 ms following the trial onset, localized to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and lateral prefrontal cortex. Comparison signals between unchosen and chosen options emerged late in the trial at 1050 ms in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, suggesting that such comparison signals may not be directly associated with the decision itself but rather may play a role in post-decision action selection. Taken together, these results provide us new insights into the temporal dynamics of decision-making in the brain, suggesting that for a simple binary choice task, decisions may be encoded predominantly in posterior areas such as intraparietal sulcus, before shifting anteriorly.  相似文献   

15.
Intraoperative optical imaging is a localization technique for the functional areas of the human brain cortex during neurosurgical procedures. However, it still lacks robustness to be used as a clinical standard. In particular new biomarkers of brain functionality with improved sensitivity and specificity are needed. We present a method for the real time identification of the activated cortical areas based on the analysis of the cortical hemodynamic using a RGB camera and a white light source. We measure the quantitative oxy and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration changes in the human brain cortex with the modified Beer-Lambert law and Monte Carlo simulations. A functional model has been implemented to define in real time a binary biomarker of the cortical activation following neuronal activation by physiological stimuli. The results show a good correlation between the computed activation maps and the brain areas localized by electrical brain stimulation. We demonstrate that a RGB camera combined with a quantitative modeling of brain hemodynamics biomarkers can evaluate in real time the functional areas during neurosurgery and serve as a tool of choice to complement electrical brain stimulation.  相似文献   

16.
There is much evidence in primates' visual processing for distinct mechanisms involved in object recognition and encoding object position and motion, which have been identified with 'ventral' and 'dorsal' streams, respectively, of the extra-striate visual areas [1] [2] [3]. This distinction may yield insights into normal human perception, its development and pathology. Motion coherence sensitivity has been taken as a test of global processing in the dorsal stream [4] [5]. We have proposed an analogous 'form coherence' measure of global processing in the ventral stream [6]. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment, we found that the cortical regions activated by form coherence did not overlap with those activated by motion coherence in the same individuals. Areas differentially activated by form coherence included regions in the middle occipital gyrus, the ventral occipital surface, the intraparietal sulcus, and the temporal lobe. Motion coherence activated areas consistent with those previously identified as V5 and V3a, the ventral occipital surface, the intraparietal sulcus, and temporal structures. Neither form nor motion coherence activated area V1 differentially. Form and motion foci in occipital, parietal, and temporal areas were nearby but showed almost no overlap. These results support the idea that form and motion coherence test distinct functional brain systems, but that these do not necessarily correspond to a gross anatomical separation of dorsal and ventral processing streams.  相似文献   

17.
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in ten early blind humans, we found robust occipital activation during two odor-processing tasks (discrimination or categorization of fruit and flower odors), as well as during control auditory-verbal conditions (discrimination or categorization of fruit and flower names). We also found evidence for reorganization and specialization of the ventral part of the occipital cortex, with dissociation according to stimulus modality: the right fusiform gyrus was most activated during olfactory conditions while part of the left ventral lateral occipital complex showed a preference for auditory-verbal processing. Only little occipital activation was found in sighted subjects, but the same right-olfactory/left-auditory-verbal hemispheric lateralization was found overall in their brain. This difference between the groups was mirrored by superior performance of the blind in various odor-processing tasks. Moreover, the level of right fusiform gyrus activation during the olfactory conditions was highly correlated with individual scores in a variety of odor recognition tests, indicating that the additional occipital activation may play a functional role in odor processing.  相似文献   

18.
Age is one of the most salient aspects in faces and of fundamental cognitive and social relevance. Although face processing has been studied extensively, brain regions responsive to age have yet to be localized. Using evocative face morphs and fMRI, we segregate two areas extending beyond the previously established face-sensitive core network, centered on the inferior temporal sulci and angular gyri bilaterally, both of which process changes of facial age. By means of probabilistic tractography, we compare their patterns of functional activation and structural connectivity. The ventral portion of Wernicke''s understudied perpendicular association fasciculus is shown to interconnect the two areas, and activation within these clusters is related to the probability of fiber connectivity between them. In addition, post-hoc age-rating competence is found to be associated with high response magnitudes in the left angular gyrus. Our results provide the first evidence that facial age has a distinct representation pattern in the posterior human brain. We propose that particular face-sensitive nodes interact with additional object-unselective quantification modules to obtain individual estimates of facial age. This brain network processing the age of faces differs from the cortical areas that have previously been linked to less developmental but instantly changeable face aspects. Our probabilistic method of associating activations with connectivity patterns reveals an exemplary link that can be used to further study, assess and quantify structure-function relationships.  相似文献   

19.
The hypothesis that ventral/anterior left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) subserves semantic processing and dorsal/posterior LIFG subserves phonological processing was tested by determining the pattern of functional connectivity of these regions with regions in left occipital and temporal cortex during the processing of words and word-like stimuli. In accordance with the hypothesis, we found strong functional connectivity between activity in ventral LIFG and activity in occipital and temporal cortex only for words, and strong functional connectivity between activity in dorsal LIFG and activity in occipital and temporal cortex for words, pseudowords, and letter strings, but not for false font strings. These results demonstrate a task-dependent functional fractionation of the LIFG in terms of its functional links with posterior brain areas.  相似文献   

20.
A recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study by our group demonstrated that dynamic emotional faces are more accurately recognized and evoked more widespread patterns of hemodynamic brain responses than static emotional faces. Based on this experimental design, the present study aimed at investigating the spatio-temporal processing of static and dynamic emotional facial expressions in 19 healthy women by means of multi-channel electroencephalography (EEG), event-related potentials (ERP) and fMRI-constrained regional source analyses. ERP analysis showed an increased amplitude of the LPP (late posterior positivity) over centro-parietal regions for static facial expressions of disgust compared to neutral faces. In addition, the LPP was more widespread and temporally prolonged for dynamic compared to static faces of disgust and happiness. fMRI constrained source analysis on static emotional face stimuli indicated the spatio-temporal modulation of predominantly posterior regional brain activation related to the visual processing stream for both emotional valences when compared to the neutral condition in the fusiform gyrus. The spatio-temporal processing of dynamic stimuli yielded enhanced source activity for emotional compared to neutral conditions in temporal (e.g., fusiform gyrus), and frontal regions (e.g., ventromedial prefrontal cortex, medial and inferior frontal cortex) in early and again in later time windows. The present data support the view that dynamic facial displays trigger more information reflected in complex neural networks, in particular because of their changing features potentially triggering sustained activation related to a continuing evaluation of those faces. A combined fMRI and EEG approach thus provides an advanced insight to the spatio-temporal characteristics of emotional face processing, by also revealing additional neural generators, not identifiable by the only use of an fMRI approach.  相似文献   

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