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1.
佟振清  陈水村 《生理学报》1988,40(6):586-591
实验记录大鼠丘脑束旁核躯体-内脏会聚(PfSV)神经元伤害性放电。观察刺激尾核(Cd)对 PfSV 神经元放电的影响。(1)Cd 对刺激内脏大神经诱发 PfSV 神经元伤害性放电有抑制作用(n=19)。(2)Cd 对刺激腓浅神经和内脏大神经诱发同一 PfSV 神经元伤害性放电均有抑制作用(n=11)。结果提示,躯体和内脏痛觉信息可会聚到丘脑束旁核同一神经元,Cd 可能不仅能抑制躯体痛也能抑制内脏痛。  相似文献   

2.
伤害性感受(nociception)能够引起机体对伤害性剌激的保护性反应,避免进一步伤害的发生。与这种重要的保护作用相一致的是伤害性感受在进化上高度保守,是包括脊椎、无脊椎动物在内的很多动物的本能反应。黑腹果蝇作为经典的遗传模式生物,已经被成功地应用于伤害性感受的研究当中。果蝇的研究发现了大量的伤害性感受相关基因,对这些基因的深入研究揭示了一些相关分子和神经机制。本研究从热刺激、机械刺激、化学刺激以及电刺激四个方面对果蝇伤害性感受模型的研究进展作一个概述。  相似文献   

3.
电压门控性钠离子通道与伤害性感受   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
伤害性感受器激活引起疼痛的概念,现已广泛被人们接受,大量实验表明,伤害性感受器兴奋性的变化与一些离子通道有关,对河豚毒素不敏感的电压依赖性钠离子通道(TTXr)选择性地分布于与伤害性感受有关的初级感受神经元,炎症反应和神经损伤诱发的慢性疼痛可诱发这种TTXr功能及基因表达的变化,TTXr通道蛋白的反义寡核苷酸(antisense ODN)处理可对抗炎症或神经损伤引起的痛觉过敏或超敏,提示TTXr在伤害性感受中起重要作用,有望成为特异性镇痛药物的药理作用靶点。  相似文献   

4.
脊髓背角痛觉传递和调制的一些化学解剖学观察   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
魏锋 《生理科学进展》1996,27(4):327-330
本实验研究了脊髓背角内C纤维末梢的分布和突触学特征及其一些神经递质化学构筑;定量观察了急性痛引起背角的递质变化;显示了初级传入C纤维,抑制性中间神经元和背角伤害性感受神经元三者之间的突触关系,并探讨它们在痛觉信息传递和调制中的作用。  相似文献   

5.
应用在体微电极胞内电位记录技术分别向猫扣带回前部躯体伤害性感受神经元与非伤害性感受神经元内注入波宽50ms、不同强度(-5 n A~+5 n A)的系列超级化或去极化电流,记录神经元的膜电学反应,计算膜电学参数。通过对比躯体伤害性与非伤害性感受神经元的膜电学特性,从该侧面为深入了解该脑区躯体伤害性感受的特性及机制提供实验依据。在57只猫扣带回前部共记录了188个神经元,其中172个为躯体伤害性感受神经元(91.5%),另外16个为躯体非伤害性感受神经元(8.5%)。结果表明:躯体伤害性与非伤害性感受神经元的注入电流(I)-膜电位(V)曲线都为"S"型;注入电流强度的绝对值≤1n A时,躯体伤害性与非伤害性感受神经元I-V曲线的I与V均呈线性相关(r都为0.99);而注入电流强度的绝对值1 n A时,两者均呈现内向或外向整流作用;但是,与躯体非伤害性感受神经元相比,躯体伤害性感受神经元的整流作用较大,对刺激的适应性较低,诱发放电的频率较高(P0.01),并且,随注入的去极化电流强度的逐渐增大,放电频率变化也较大;另外,躯体伤害性感受神经元的膜电阻、膜电容、时间常数也明显大于躯体非伤害性感受神经元(P0.05或P0.01)。这些结果提示扣带回前部躯体伤害性与非伤害性感受神经元在直径大小、细胞膜结构等方面存在差异。  相似文献   

6.
瞬时受体电位香草酸亚型1(TRPV1)与炎性痛   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
贾岳  洪炎国 《生命科学》2010,(12):1259-1263
瞬时受体电位香草酸亚型1(transient receptor potential vanilloid 1,TRPV1)是TRP超家族的成员之一,是一种非选择性的阳离子通道。TRPV1广泛分布于伤害性感受器上,并且在伤害性感受器中起重要作用。TRPV1能够感受伤害性刺激,将之转化为动作电位,传至中枢形成痛觉。炎症时释放的许多炎症介质都能够与TRPV1发生相互作用,产生疼痛或痛觉过敏,并且通过各种不同的信号通路来调制TRPV1的活性。深入研究TRPV1的作用机制,有助于理解痛觉生理和开发新型镇痛药物。  相似文献   

7.
扣带回前部内脏伤害感受神经元的生物电活动   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为了从神经元水平探讨大脑皮层内脏伤害感受的特性及机制,应用玻璃微电极细胞内电位记录技术,研究18只猫扣带回前部312个神经元的自发生物电活动,及其对电刺激同侧内脏大神经的诱发反应.其中,82个为内脏伤害感受神经元,其自发生物电活动有5种主要形式.根据诱发反应的潜伏期等特性,内脏伤害感受神经元分为特异性内脏伤害感受神经元(76个,92.68%)和非特异性内脏伤害感受神经元(6个,7.32%).内脏伤害性诱发反应分为兴奋性(65.86%)、抑制性(17.07%)及混合性反应(17.07%)3种.结果提示内脏大神经的传入通路投射到同侧扣带回前部;扣带回前部神经元具有内脏伤害感受作用,存有特异性与非特异性内脏伤害感受神经元,为痛觉特异性学说提供了新的实验依据.  相似文献   

8.
Sun YY  Li KC  Chen J 《生理学报》2004,56(4):444-450
脊髓背角感觉神经元不仅在感觉信息的传递和调节中起到重要作用,也是各种内源性和外源性药物的作用靶位.为了解静脉麻醉剂异丙酚是否对背角感觉神经元的反应性具有调节作用,本实验采用在体单细胞胞外记录技术,观察了脊髓背表面直接滴注0.5 μmol异丙酚对戊巴比妥钠麻醉大鼠脊髓背角广动力域(WDR)神经元和低阈值机械感受型(LTM)神经元反应性的影响.实验发现,异丙酚能抑制背角WDR神经元由施加于外周感受野伤害性热刺激(45、47、49和53℃,15 s)和夹捏机械刺激(10 s)诱发的反应性,与DMSO对照组比较具有显著性统计学差异(P<0.05);同样,异丙酚对非伤害性机械刺激诱发的WDR或LTM神经元的反应性也具有显著的抑制作用(P<0.05).本结果提示,异丙酚可直接作用于正常大鼠脊髓背角神经元,对由非伤害性和伤害性纤维介导的神经元反应性均产生抑制作用,因此异丙酚的脊髓抗伤害作用可能不是特异性的.  相似文献   

9.
TRPV1是一种非选择性阳离子通道蛋白,可被伤害性热刺激、辣椒素和氢离子等所激活。由于TRPV1在痛觉传导(尤其是炎症情况下的痛觉传导)中起重要作用,所以TRPV1的研究对临床治疗有十分重要的意义,研究也越来越深入。因为TRPV1可被多种刺激所激活,人们推论其有多个剪接变体(splice variant),不久,即证实了此设想。本文对迄今为止发现的TRPV1剪接变体做一简单综述。  相似文献   

10.
<正>痛觉或伤害性感受是人类保护自身,防止损伤的一种重要功能,其中,位于背根神经节的初级感觉神经元是机体对对伤害性刺激作出反应的"第一站"。多年来,以电生理记录为主的离体或在体研究结果均显示,背根神经节中的小直径神经元(约占总数的70%)可以同时对机械、冷和热等多种形式的刺激发生反应,也就是说,小直径神经元或由其形成的C类伤害性  相似文献   

11.
In all mammals, tissue inflammation leads to pain and behavioral sensitization to thermal and mechanical stimuli called hyperalgesia. We studied pain mechanisms in the African naked mole-rat, an unusual rodent species that lacks pain-related neuropeptides (e.g., substance P) in cutaneous sensory fibers. Naked mole-rats show a unique and remarkable lack of pain-related behaviors to two potent algogens, acid and capsaicin. Furthermore, when exposed to inflammatory insults or known mediators, naked mole-rats do not display thermal hyperalgesia. In contrast, naked mole-rats do display nocifensive behaviors in the formalin test and show mechanical hyperalgesia after inflammation. Using electrophysiology, we showed that primary afferent nociceptors in naked mole-rats are insensitive to acid stimuli, consistent with the animal's lack of acid-induced behavior. Acid transduction by sensory neurons is observed in birds, amphibians, and fish, which suggests that this tranduction mechanism has been selectively disabled in the naked mole-rat in the course of its evolution. In contrast, nociceptors do respond vigorously to capsaicin, and we also show that sensory neurons express a transient receptor potential vanilloid channel-1 ion channel that is capsaicin sensitive. Nevertheless, the activation of capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons in naked mole-rats does not produce pain-related behavior. We show that capsaicin-sensitive nociceptors in the naked mole-rat are functionally connected to superficial dorsal horn neurons as in mice. However, the same nociceptors are also functionally connected to deep dorsal horn neurons, a connectivity that is rare in mice. The pain biology of the naked mole-rat is unique among mammals, thus the study of pain mechanisms in this unusual species can provide major insights into what constitutes “normal” mammalian nociception.  相似文献   

12.
In all mammals, tissue inflammation leads to pain and behavioral sensitization to thermal and mechanical stimuli called hyperalgesia. We studied pain mechanisms in the African naked mole-rat, an unusual rodent species that lacks pain-related neuropeptides (e.g., substance P) in cutaneous sensory fibers. Naked mole-rats show a unique and remarkable lack of pain-related behaviors to two potent algogens, acid and capsaicin. Furthermore, when exposed to inflammatory insults or known mediators, naked mole-rats do not display thermal hyperalgesia. In contrast, naked mole-rats do display nocifensive behaviors in the formalin test and show mechanical hyperalgesia after inflammation. Using electrophysiology, we showed that primary afferent nociceptors in naked mole-rats are insensitive to acid stimuli, consistent with the animal's lack of acid-induced behavior. Acid transduction by sensory neurons is observed in birds, amphibians, and fish, which suggests that this tranduction mechanism has been selectively disabled in the naked mole-rat in the course of its evolution. In contrast, nociceptors do respond vigorously to capsaicin, and we also show that sensory neurons express a transient receptor potential vanilloid channel-1 ion channel that is capsaicin sensitive. Nevertheless, the activation of capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons in naked mole-rats does not produce pain-related behavior. We show that capsaicin-sensitive nociceptors in the naked mole-rat are functionally connected to superficial dorsal horn neurons as in mice. However, the same nociceptors are also functionally connected to deep dorsal horn neurons, a connectivity that is rare in mice. The pain biology of the naked mole-rat is unique among mammals, thus the study of pain mechanisms in this unusual species can provide major insights into what constitutes “normal” mammalian nociception.  相似文献   

13.
Nociceptors--noxious stimulus detectors   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Woolf CJ  Ma Q 《Neuron》2007,55(3):353-364
In order to deal effectively with danger, it is imperative to know about it. This is what nociceptors do--these primary sensory neurons are specialized to detect intense stimuli and represent, therefore, the first line of defense against any potentially threatening or damaging environmental inputs. By sensing noxious stimuli and contributing to the necessary reactions to avoid them--rapid withdrawal and the experience of an intensely unpleasant or painful sensation, nociceptors are essential for the maintenance of the body's integrity. Although nociceptive pain is clearly an adaptive alarm system, persistent pain is maladaptive, essentially an ongoing false alarm. Here, we highlight the genesis of nociceptors during development and the intrinsic properties of nociceptors that enable them to transduce, conduct, and transmit nociceptive information and also discuss how their phenotypic plasticity contributes to clinical pain.  相似文献   

14.
Cation channels in the DEG/ENaC family are proposed to detect cutaneous stimuli in mammals. We localized one such channel, DRASIC, in several different specialized sensory nerve endings of skin, suggesting it might participate in mechanosensation and/or acid-evoked nociception. Disrupting the mouse DRASIC gene altered sensory transduction in specific and distinct ways. Loss of DRASIC increased the sensitivity of mechanoreceptors detecting light touch, but it reduced the sensitivity of a mechanoreceptor responding to noxious pinch and decreased the response of acid- and noxious heat-sensitive nociceptors. The data suggest that DRASIC subunits participate in heteromultimeric channel complexes in sensory neurons. Moreover, in different cellular contexts, DRASIC may respond to mechanical stimuli or to low pH to mediate normal touch and pain sensation.  相似文献   

15.
The P2X(3) receptor is an ATP-gated ion channel predominantly expressed in nociceptive neurons from the dorsal root ganglion. P2X(3) receptor channels are highly expressed in sensory neurons and probably contribute to the sensation of pain. Kinetics of P2X(3) currents are characterized by rapid desensitization (<100 ms) and slow recovery (>20 s). Thus, any mechanism modulating rate of desensitization and/or recovery may have profound effect on susceptibility of nociceptive neurons expressing P2X(3) to ATP. Here we show that currents mediated by P2X(3) receptor channels and the heteromeric channel P2X(2/3) composed of P2X(2) and P2X(3) subunits are potentiated by the neuropeptides substance P and bradykinin, which are known to modulate pain perception. The effect is mediated by the respective neuropeptide receptors, can be mimicked by phorbol ester and blocked by inhibitors of protein kinases. Together with data from site-directed mutagenesis our results suggest that inflammatory mediators sensitize nociceptors through phosphorylation of P2X(3) and P2X(2/3) ion channels or associated proteins.  相似文献   

16.
TRPA1 is an excitatory ion channel targeted by pungent irritants from mustard and garlic. TRPA1 has been proposed to function in diverse sensory processes, including thermal (cold) nociception, hearing, and inflammatory pain. Using TRPA1-deficient mice, we now show that this channel is the sole target through which mustard oil and garlic activate primary afferent nociceptors to produce inflammatory pain. TRPA1 is also targeted by environmental irritants, such as acrolein, that account for toxic and inflammatory actions of tear gas, vehicle exhaust, and metabolic byproducts of chemotherapeutic agents. TRPA1-deficient mice display normal cold sensitivity and unimpaired auditory function, suggesting that this channel is not required for the initial detection of noxious cold or sound. However, TRPA1-deficient mice exhibit pronounced deficits in bradykinin-evoked nociceptor excitation and pain hypersensitivity. Thus, TRPA1 is an important component of the transduction machinery through which environmental irritants and endogenous proalgesic agents depolarize nociceptors to elicit inflammatory pain.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Patients with inflammatory or neuropathic pain experience hypersensitivity to mechanical, thermal and/or chemical stimuli. Given the diverse etiologies and molecular mechanisms of these pain syndromes, an approach to developing successful therapies may be to target ion channels that contribute to the detection of thermal, mechanical and chemical stimuli and promote the sensitization and activation of nociceptors. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels have emerged as a family of evolutionarily conserved ligand-gated ion channels that contribute to the detection of physical stimuli. Six TRPs (TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM8 and TRPA1) have been shown to be expressed in primary afferent nociceptors, pain sensing neurons, where they act as transducers for thermal, chemical and mechanical stimuli. This short review focuses on their contribution to pain hypersensitivity associated with peripheral inflammatory and neuropathic pain states.  相似文献   

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