新疆漠王属昆虫三新种记述(鞘翅目:拟步甲科)

记述采自新疆的漠王属Platyope Fischer—waldheim 3新种：奇台漠王Platyope qitaiensis,sp．nov．,霍城漠王Platyope korgasica,sp．nov．,库尔勒漠王Platyope korlaensis,sp．nov．。模式标本保存在新疆大学生命科学与技术学院。     

中国宽漠甲属分类研究(鞘翅目,拟步甲科)

对中国宽漠甲属Sternoplax Frivaldszky进行了分类整理,共计4亚属10种,含2新种:双脊宽漠甲Sternoplax bicarinata sp.nov.和隆脊宽漠甲Sternoplax lineola sp.nov.;给出中国已知种检索表及其名录,绘制了新种的形态特征图.模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆.     

中国漠潜属三新种(鞘翅目：拟步甲科，沙潜族)

漠潜属 Melanesthes Lacord.,1859 隶属拟步甲科(Tenebrionidae)沙潜族(Opatrini)。全球36种,我国已知11种,分布内蒙西部及西北的广大荒漠半荒漠地区。 本属主要特征是:身体背面拱起,触角丝状,端部4节扁阔椭圆形。唇基前缘深凹,上唇狭小,两侧具毛束。前胸宽大于长,侧边有齿或无齿,基部沟明显或无沟,具基沟者常在     

中国潜叶蜂族研究(膜翅目:叶蜂科)(英文)

本文记述了中国潜叶蜂族Fenusini 8属14种,其中新种8种:金眼榉潜叶蜂Profenusa chrysichloritasp. nov.、中华拟潜叶蜂Nefusa sinica sp.nov.、短距拟潜叶蜂Nefusa brevis sp.nov.、四川昧潜叶蜂Metallus sichuanensis sp.nov.、王氏昧潜叶蜂Metallus wangi sp.nov.、马氏昧潜叶蜂Metallus mai sp.nov.、大室缅潜叶蜂Birmella discoidalisa sp.nov.、北京舌潜叶蜂Okutanius pekingensis sp.nov.;中国新记录种3种:日本榉潜叶蜂Profenusa hirashima Togashi、榆潜叶蜂Fenusa pusilla(Lepel.)、金露梅小潜叶蜂Fenella monilicornis Thomson。本文所记述各属除缅潜叶蜂属Birmindia Malaise和丝潜叶蜂属Messa Leach以外均为中国新记录属。新种均附有形态特征图,并编制了潜叶蜂族中国已知属检索表和各属中国已知种类或世界种类检索表。模式标本均保存于中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆。     

中国漠潜属三新记录种

漠潜属Melane sthes Lacord分布于我国西北、蒙古及苏联中亚地区,共知48种,分为6亚属。笔者在宁夏、甘肃和内蒙的荒漠、半荒漠地区昆虫区系调查中,发现了属于蒙漠潜亚属M.(Mongolesthes)Reitter和漠潜亚属M.(Melanesthes)Reitter的3个新记录种。1.蒙古漠潜Melane sthes(Melane sthes)mongolica Csiki,1901,中国新记录种(图2,3) Melane sthes(M.)mongolica Csiki、1901、in Zichy、E.d.Ⅲ.Asiat.Forschungsr.2:112;Kaszab.1966.Acta Zool.     

果蝇属拱背果蝇亚属七新种：（双翅目：果蝇科）

本文记述果蝇属Drosophila拱背果蝇亚属Lordiphosa在中国的分布,包括七新种:等枝拱背果蝇Drosophila (Lordiphosa) ramipata sp.nov.,不对称拱背果蝇Drosophila (Lordiphosa) acongruens sp.nov.,突弓拱背果蝇Drosophila (Lordiphosa) protrusa sp.nov.,多枝拱背果蝇Drosopkila (Lordiphota) ramosisslma sp.nov.,双突拱背果蝇Drosophila (Lordiphosa) biconvexa sp.nov.,黑拱背果蝇Drosophila (Lordiphosa) picea sp.nov.,和黄拱背果蝇Drosophila (Lordiphosa) flava sp.nov.     

中国琵甲属八新种（鞘翅目：拟步甲科：琵甲族）

记述中国琵甲属8新种：甘孜琵甲Blaps garzica,sp,nov,叉尾琵甲B.furcala,sp.nov。,太原琵甲B.taiyuanica,Sp,nov.,尖角琵甲B.acutangula,sp.nov., 周氏琵甲B.choui,sp.nov.,多毛琵甲Bpilosa,sp.,nov.,短体琵甲B.brevis,sp.nov和圆形琵甲B.ratalaria,sp,nov。模式标本保存在河北大学博物馆。     

中国切叶蜂属十四新种记述(蜜蜂总科,切叶蜂科)

记述切叶蜂科切叶蜂属Megachile Latreille 7亚属14新种:Megachile(Eutricharaea )laminopeds sp.nov.,Megachile ( Amegachile ) alboplumula sp. nov. , Megachile ( Xanthosaurus ) plumatus sp. nov., Megachile ( Xanthosaurus) hei sp. nov., Megachile (Xanthosaurus) silvapis sp. nov., Megachile (Pseudomegachile) eurycephala sp. nov.,Megachile ( Pseudomegachile ) nigropectoralis sp. nov.,Megachile (Pseudomegachile) sphenapis sp. nov., Megachile (Callomegachile) gigas sp. nov. , Megachile ( Callomegachile ) rhyssalus sp. nov. , Megachile ( Lagella ) hubeiensis sp. nov,Megachile ( Lagella ) trizonata sp. nov. , Megachile ( Chelostomoda ) nigroapicalis sp. nov. , Megachile ( Chelostomoda ) crabipedes sp.nov..采自云南、海南、湖北、四川、贵州等地. 模式标本均保存于中国科学院动物研究所.     

中国土甲族一新种十二新纪录(鞘翅目,拟步甲科)

描述中国土甲族1新种--粗壮真土甲Eumylada glandulosa sp.nov.,报道2新纪录属--粒土甲属Psammestus Reichardt,1936、伪坚土甲属Scleropatrum Reitter,1890和12新纪录种--宽粒土甲Psammestus dilatatus(Reitter,1893)[=三齿漠土甲Melanesthes(Mongolesthes)tridentatus Ren et Men,1996(syn.n.)]、塞伪坚土甲Scleropatrum seidlitzi Reitter,1898、小土甲Gonocephalum pygmaeum(Steven,1829)、显角土甲G.deliensis Kaszab,1952、窄胸土甲G hauschildi Kaszab,1952、弯笨土甲Penthicus(Penthicus)lenezyi Kaszab,1968、二湾笨土甲P.(Penthicus)iners (Menetries,1832)、考氏笨土甲P.(Myladion)kozotyaevi Medvedev,1984、钝突笨土甲P.(Myladion)nojonicus (Kaszab,1968)、达氏笨土甲P.(Myladion)davadshamsi davadshamsi(Kaszab,1965)、福笨土甲P.(Myladion)frater (Kaszab,1967)和布尔干笨土甲P.(Myladion)bulganicus Medvedev,1990.附有新种特征图和所有种的形态照片.所有标本保存在河北大学博物馆.     

裂胸螨科4新种和中国2新纪录属：蜱螨亚纲：革螨股

记述裂胸螨科4新种:陈氏毛绥螨Lasioseius chenpengi sp.nov.,杵状肛厉螨Proctolaelaps pis-tilli sp.nov.,疏毛北绥螨Arctoseius oligotrichus sp.nov.和巨肛伊(虫穴)螨中Iphidozercon magnanalis sp.nov.。其中北绥螨属Arctoseius Thor,1930和伊(虫穴)螨属Iphidozercon Berlese,1903为中国首次纪录。     

中国西北荒漠区植物特有属研究

确认了中国西北荒漠区有4个植物特有属-连蕊芥属,四合木属,百花蒿属,河西菊属,职权拉善是其分布中心。     

4种荒漠植物气体交换特征的研究

 在自然条件下我们对塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘策勒绿洲边缘4种主要荒漠植物胡杨(Populus euphratica Oliv.)、沙拐枣(Calligonum caput_medusae Schrenk.)、骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia B.Keller et Shap)和柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima Lbd.)的气体交换、水势及其δ13C的季节变化特征进行了比较研究。结果表明胡杨和沙拐枣气体交换日变化为单峰曲线,骆驼刺和柽柳为双峰曲线;其中骆驼刺属低光合低蒸腾型,WUEph最低,     

PHOTOPERIODIC ADAPTATION IN DESERT POPULATIONS OF XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM

Reproductive adaptation to photoperiod is diverse among desert populations of Xanthium. Chihuahuan Desert populations require dark periods of 9.5–10.5 hr for reproduction, and Sonoran Desert populations require 9–10.5 hr. Many Chihuahuan populations from western Texas two weeks from sowing need only 10 cycles of 11-hr nights to produce 100% flowering, but Sonoran populations from western Mexico four weeks from sowing need 18 cycles or more. Some Sonoran plants produce buds only at a cooler temperature program, 24–15 C, but Chihuahuan plants produce them more readily under the warmer program, 30–24 C. Chihuahuan plants that were germinated under 11-hr nights and four different temperature programs were induced to flower in each condition. Differences in photoperiod and ripeness-to-flower (maturity) responses were also demonstrated under natural day lengths in central Texas. Although desert populations occurring at approximately the same latitude in either the Chihuahuan or Sonoran Desert are exposed to similar day lengths, each population may be adapted to different photoperiod cues that maximize its utilization of the local growing conditions.     

巴林右旗沙漠化土壤浅析

内蒙古巴林右旗位于科尔沁沙地的西端,全旗总面积为9.7878×10~5 ha,其中风沙土面积为2.65×10~5 ha,占27.1%。据1981年和1964年两次土壤普查提供的资料,1981年比1964年,风沙土面积增加了96.2%,平均每年以7600ha的速度发展。全旗风沙土主要分布在西拉沐沦河和查干沐沦河沿岸。沙地大都呈带状分布的沙丘链,高度一般为5——10m,最高达20m以上。流动沙丘总面积为4.05×10~4 ha,占风沙土面积的15.3%,多为新月形沙丘或沙丘链,植被盖度在10%以下,物理性沙粒占95%以     

塔克拉玛干沙漠微生物研究进展

塔克拉玛干沙漠是中国最大的沙漠,微生物是其生态系统中的主要组成部分。近年来已有不少关于塔克拉玛干沙漠微生物的研究报道,文章对不同地点通过不同研究方法获得的结果进行梳理和总结,综述了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地、周边和气溶胶的微生物群落组成,新种资源以及菌株应用的研究,并对未来塔克拉玛干沙漠的微生物研究提出展望,旨在为深入研究沙漠微生物提供参考。     

COMPONENTS OF FLOWERING TIME VARIATION IN A DESERT ANNUAL

How much of the variation seen in life histories is consistent with adaptive hypotheses, and how much requires other kinds of explanation? Differences in flowering time between Sonoran (earlier flowering) and Chihuahuan Desert (later flowering) populations of the desert annual Eriogonum abertianum Torr. (Polygonaceae) are significant, repeatable between greenhouse experiments, and persist into a second greenhouse generation. These apparent genetic differences are consistent with a hypothesis of local adaptation: field demographic studies (Fox, 1989b) show that many fewer Sonoran than Chihuahuan Desert plants survive to the summer rainy season, suggesting selection for earlier flowering in the Sonoran Desert. Within natural populations there is considerable phenological complexity: time of first flowering varies by up to six months, and individuals may have zero, one, or several reproductive episodes. Greenhouse sib analyses revealed only marginal among-family genetic variation for flowering size. The resemblance between parents and offspring for size and time of flowering varied with growth conditions, suggesting that this marginal variation among families may be at least partly due to factors other than additive genetic variance. On the other hand, moisture limitation significantly delayed the onset of flowering in two independent experiments. Variation in moisture availability in both time and space is characteristic of desert environments. The phenological complexity in natural populations may thus be generated by random variation in moisture availability, possibly in conjunction with variation in germination date and plant size. The results call into question the claim that drought generally induces flowering in desert annuals.     

POPULATION STUDIES AMONG SONORAN DESERT SPECIES OF PARMELIA SUBG. XANTHOPARMELIA (PARMELIACEAE)

Species of Parmelia subg. Xanthoparmelia exhibit partial morphological convergence in a region of sympatry in the northern portion of the Sonoran Desert. Within the isidiate morph of the population, chemotypic variation is present. These chemotypes exhibit habitat selection among different rock substrates within a region of relatively uniform climate and topography. Partial habitat selection is also demonstrable for the chemotypes of the nonisidiate morph in the population. Other morphological characters are useful in segregating portions of the isidiate and nonisidiate morphs into chemically distinct groups that have previously been assumed to represent only chemotypic variation.     

北美CHIHUAHUAN荒漠啮齿动物群落各物种种群生物量动态的比较研究

本文给出了北美Ｃｈｉｈｕａｈｕａｎ荒漠分属４科１０属的１７种啮齿动物生物量的时间序列资料,利用时间序列分析方法、均匀性的Ｓｈａｎｎｎｏｎ指数和季节性指标对该１７个物种的生物量动态的比较研究说明：优势种在群落总生物量稳定中起着主要作用,其余非优势物种则在优势种种群密度较低时弥补低生物量,使１７个物种种群能共存于同一群落之中,使处于复杂多变的荒漠生境中的啮齿动物的生物量保持相对稳定。扩散在维持这种稳定中有明显的作用。     

Social dominance and feeding patterns of spotted hyaenas

In some parts of East Africa, spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta) live in large groups and at high population densities, and scramble competition among clan members during feeding at large carcasses is reported. By contrast, spotted hyaenas in the Namib Desert of southwestern Africa live in small groups and at low densities. When assembled at carcasses, Namib Desert spotted hyaenas show linear dominance hierarchies. Adult females outrank adult males and usually feed one at a time or with their dependent offspring. Feeding rates at small carcasses in the Namib Desert are approximately equal to those reported in East Africa, but at large carcasses Namib Desert spotted hyaenas show linear dominance hierarchies. Adult females outrank adult males and usually feed one at a time or with their dependent offspring. Feeding rates at small carcasses in the Namib Desert are approximately equal to those reported in East Africa, but at large carcasses Namib Desert spotted hyaenas feed significantly more slowly. Thus lower-ranking individuals eventually gain access to large carcasses but are excluded from smaller ones. We relate these patterns of food consumption to possible evolutionary pathways to social hunting by spotted hyaenas.     

A phytogeographical characterization of the vine flora of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts

Aim This study presents a phytogeographical characterization of the vine flora of two lower North American desert regions as a biogeographical framework for further ecological inquiry into desert vines. Location The phytogeography of the vine flora of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts was c haracterized based on 263 known species. Methods Checklists of the vines of each desert were developed. Represented genera were then grouped into 10 phytogeographical elements based on worldwide distribution patterns. To compare the floristic composition of the desert floras, an index of species similarity was calculated. Results About a third more species of vines occur in the Sonoran Desert than in the Chihuahuan Desert. Based on the analysis, cosmopolitan genera are the only group more numerous in absolute terms in the Chihuahuan Desert than in the Sonoran Desert. Tropical elements are represented in about the same proportion in each desert as the number of species, however, nearly twice as many pantropical and neotropical genera are represented in the Sonoran Desert as in the Chihuahuan Desert. Proportionately, more genera of temperate elements occur in the Chihuahuan Desert than in the Sonoran desert, although the absolute number of genera is slightly higher in the latter. Main conclusions As these deserts are relatively recent ecological formations and as vines evolved in forest ecosystems, the composition of the desert vine floras is the result of the interaction between historical vegetation types, their constituent taxa and climatic and geological history. The main differences in the vining floras of the present‐day Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts appear to be the result of greater historical influence in the Sonoran Desert of (1) tropical vegetation types and (2) the emergence of the Gulf of California. The Chihuahuan Desert vine flora seems to be the result of (1) a more pronounced historical temperate vegetation, (2) the lack of an important isolating event, such as the creation of the Baja California peninsula, and (3) a cooler climate with shorter growing seasons.