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5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5hmC)是新发现的一种的修饰碱基,以低水平存在于哺乳动物的多种细胞类型中。5hmC是10-11易位(TET)家族的酶通过氧化5-甲基胞嘧啶(5mC)产生的。5hmC不仅能够降低MeCP蛋白的甲基化结合结构域(MBD)与甲基化DNA的亲和性,具有潜在的参与基因表达调控的转录调节功能,而且参与了DNA去甲基化过程。因此关于5hmC的研究日益受到学者们的青睐,随着5hmC甲基化分析和检测方法学日益发展,发现5hmC分布具有组织特异性,并且5hmC在肿瘤组织中含量显著降低,可能成为某些肿瘤早期诊断的分子标志物。 相似文献
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尽管DNA甲基化能抑制转录这一观点早已为人所知 ,但其精确的机制还不完全清楚[1] 。到目前为止 ,有 3种可能的机制被用来解释甲基化的转录抑制过程。第一种机制是DNA甲基化直接干扰特异转录因子与各自启动子的识别位置结合[2 ] 。几种转录因子 ,如AP 2、C Myc/Myn、CAREB、E2F和NF κB ,能识别含CpG残基的序列 ,当CpG残基上的C被甲基化后 ,结合作用即被抑制 (图 1 )。相反 ,其他一些转录因子 (如SP1和CTF)对结合位置上的甲基化不敏感 ,还有许多因子在DNA上的结合位点上不含CpG二核苷酸 ,DNA… 相似文献
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表观遗传指不涉及DNA序列改变的,可随细胞分裂而遗传的基因组修饰作用;DNA甲基化是其中研究最多的基因表达调节机制。异常DNA甲基化可致肿瘤发生,它亦是肿瘤基因诊断和治疗的靶点。文章介绍DNA甲基化基本概念、作用效果及其可能机制;并讨论异常DNA甲基化与肿瘤的关联,包括肿瘤中DNA异常甲基化原因、异常甲基化致瘤机制及基因甲基化研究在肿瘤诊治中的应用等。 相似文献
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温耀兰张轶清 《现代生物医学进展》2014,14(20):3997-4000
长期以来人们一直认为基因突变或基因缺失参与肿瘤的形成。近年来众多研究表明,表观遗传修饰对肿瘤的发展也具有非常重要的意义,它的主要表现形式有DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、微小RNA调节、染色质重组等。DNA异常甲基化可通过影响染色质结构、癌基因及抑癌基因表达而参与肿瘤的形成。了解目前宫颈癌中DNA甲基化的研究进展不仅有助于宫颈癌的早期诊断,对其分子靶向治疗及预后评估亦显示出良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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长期以来人们一直认为基因突变或基因缺失参与肿瘤的形成。近年来众多研究表明,表观遗传修饰对肿瘤的发展也具有非常重要的意义,它的主要表现形式有DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、微小RNA调节、染色质重组等。DNA异常甲基化可通过影响染色质结构、癌基因及抑癌基因表达而参与肿瘤的形成。了解目前宫颈癌中DNA甲基化的研究进展不仅有助于宫颈癌的早期诊断,对其分子靶向治疗及预后评估亦显示出良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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肿瘤干细胞模型是关于肿瘤形成及生物学特征的一种重要观点。该模型认为肿瘤发生的核心是一群类似于成体干细胞的肿瘤细胞, 具有自我增殖和分化潜能, 称为肿瘤干细胞(Cancer stem cells, CSCs)。目前在多种肿瘤中都发现了CSCs, 其不仅能导致肿瘤发生, 还是引起肿瘤转移、复发、抗药的关键原因。因此, 研究CSC的调控机制具有重要意义。近年来的研究发现, 除了基础的遗传学因素外, 表观遗传学在CSCs的调控中同样具有重要作用。目前主要的表观遗传学机制包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑及miRNA等, 能有效调节基因表达及细胞表型, 也是肿瘤研究的新热点。文章主要围绕近几年CSCs的特性研究及表观遗传学线索, 阐述表观遗传学机制调控CSCs的最新进展。 相似文献
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DNA甲基化是一种重要的表观遗传学修饰,在基因的转录调控方面具有重要的作用。异常的DNA甲基化可以导致癌症等复杂疾病发生,癌基因相关的DNA甲基化调控位点的识别对于解析癌症的发生发展机制及识别新的癌症标记具有重要意义。本研究通过整合The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)的泛癌症基因组的高通量甲基化谱和基因表达谱,识别癌基因相关的DNA甲基化调控位点。对于每种癌症分批次计算Cp G位点甲基化与相关基因表达之间的相关性,并筛选调控下游基因的Cp G位点(包括强调控位点、弱调控位点和不调控位点),结果表明仅有一半的Cp G位点对下游基因具有调控作用;对癌症间共享的调控位点的分析发现不同癌症间共享的调控位点不尽相同,表明癌症特异的甲基化调控位点的存在。进一步地,对差异甲基化和差异表达基因的功能富集分析揭示了受甲基化调控的基因确实参与了癌症发生发展相关的功能。本研究的结果是对当前甲基化调控位点集的重要补充,也是识别癌症新型分子标记特征的重要资源。 相似文献
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DNA甲基化是基因表达调控的重要方式,一般被认为以CpG岛形式发挥作用;近年的研究表明,位点特异的DNA甲基化以元件(cis-regulatory element)的形式在生物微进化以及基因精细调控中发挥重要作用。我们的研究结果显示,曲古抑菌素 A (trichostatin A,TSA)导致细胞周期蛋白D1基因表达下调,以及其核心启动子的+65到+77之间的两段串联CpG序列发生DNA甲基化。报告基因结果显示,由细胞周期素D1核心启动子片段驱动的报告基因活性在TSA处理后下降到原来0.12,而前段(A)突变与后段(B)突变时,报告基因活性分别下降到原来1/7.6与1/8.36,双突变则下降到原来1/7.51。对于CMV启动子嵌合15 bp片段驱动的报告基因活性,野生型、A、B与AB双突变型报告基因活性分别下降1/1.48、1/1.17、1/1.51以及1/1.21。体外甲基化研究结果显示,与对照组相比,M.SssⅠ处理组的启动子活性中,野生型活性下降到原来1/8 800,A突变型活性下降到原来1/2 700,B突变型活性下降到原来1/4 156,双突变型活性下降到原来1/6 222。应用M.HhaⅠ处理进一步区分甲基化位点,A和B突变型报告基因活性分别下降到原来1/1.11和1/1.40。有趣的是,比对发现劳亚兽总目的+66位点为T。由此,我们联合应用DNA定点突变与体外DNA甲基化模拟技术,研究了细胞周期蛋白D1基因位点DNA甲基化元件的作用。我们的研究表明,细胞周期蛋白D1基因核心启动子的+65位点的甲基化在转录调控过程中可能发挥关键作用,为位点特异甲基化在基因精细调控的机制研究提供实验数据。 相似文献
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The ABO blood group system is vital to blood transfusion and organ transplantation. ABO antigens are the most important of all blood group antigens in clinical practice, and are not only present in red blood cells and platelets, but also in most secretions and epithelial tissues. ABO antigens are known to undergo drastic changes during the development, differentiation, and maturation of normal cells. Profound changes have also been documented in pathological processes such as tumorigenesis. To elucidate the molecular basis of how ABO genes are controlled in cell type specific expressions, such as normal cell differentiation or in cancer cells lacking A/B antigens, it is essential to understand the regulatory mechanisms of ABO gene expression. In this review, current knowledge concerning the regulatory mechanisms of ABO gene expression was summarized. 相似文献
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Mohadeseh Kosari-Monfared Novin Nikbakhsh Sadegh Fattahi Elham Ghadami Mohammad Ranaei Hassan Taheri Fatemeh Amjadi-Moheb Gholam A. Godazandeh Shahryar Shafaei Maryam Pilehchian-Langroudi Ali Akbar Samadani Haleh Akhavan-Niaki 《Journal of cellular physiology》2019,234(3):2895-2904
Gastric cancer is a life-threatening disease; resulting from interaction among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Aberrant dysregulation and methylation changes in Wnt/β-catenin signaling downstream elements are a prevalent phenomenon encountered in gastric tumorigenesis. Also, viral infections play a role in gastric cancer development. CTNNBIP1 (β-catenin interacting protein 1) gene is an antagonist of Wnt signaling which binds to the β-catenin molecules. The CTNNBIP1 function as tumor suppressor gene or oncogene in different types of cancer is controversial. Moreover, its function and regulatory mechanisms in gastric cancer progression is unknown. In the present study, we examined CTNNBIP1 gene expression, the methylation status of the regulatory region of the gene, and their association with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Helicobacter pylori infections in human gastric adenocarcinoma tissues in comparison with their adjacent nontumoral tissues. Our data revealed a significant downregulation of CTNNBIP1 in gastric tumors. Female patients showed lower level of CTNNBIP1 than males (p < 0.05). Also, decreased expression of CTNNBIP1 was markedly associated with well-differentiated tumor grades (p < 0.05). No methylation change was observed between tumoral and nontumoral tissues. Additionally, CTNNBIP1 down regulation was significantly associated with CMV infection (p < 0.05). In the absence of EBV infection, lower expression of CTNNBIP1 was observed. There was no association between H. pylori infection and CTNNBIP1 expression. Our findings revealed the tumor suppressor role for CTNNBIP1 in gastric adenocarcinoma. Interestingly, EBV and CMV infections modulate CTNNBIP1 expression. 相似文献
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Chan Wang Jiaxin Chen Yeye Kuang Xiaoqing Cheng Min Deng Zhinong Jiang Xiaotong Hu 《International journal of biological sciences》2022,18(14):5575
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. It is imperative to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms that regulate CRC cell aggressiveness. In present study, the transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4), a calcium-activated nonselective cation channel, is downregulated in CRC as a novel methylated tumor suppressor gene (TSG). The reduced mRNA level of TRPM4 is due to the epigenetic methylation of its promoter CpG island (CGI). Moreover, ectopic expression of TRPM4 inhibited tumor growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Our experiments also demonstrate that TRPM4 restructures the CRC cytoskeleton and activates the Ca2+-mediated calpain pathway through enhancing calcium influx. The western blot analysis shows that the expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a calpain-mediated proteolytic substrate, is markedly suppressed after ectopic overexpression of TRPM4, besides, Akt (also known as protein kinase B, PKB), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) as well as its central target mTOR have significantly decreased expression accompanied by elevated E-cadherin and restrained matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2/MMP9) expression. The inhibition of protease calpain effectively relieves the retard of FAK/Akt signals and reverses the migration suppression of TRPM4. Taken together, TRPM4, identified as a novel methylated TSG, employs intracellular Ca2+ signals to activate calpain-mediated cleavage of FAK and impede CRC migration and invasion through modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling cascade, providing the first evidence that TRPM4 is likely to be a significant biomarker and potential target for CRC therapy. 相似文献
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Methylation of the Tumor Suppressor Gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">RASSF1A</Emphasis> in Human Tumors 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Loss of heterozygosity of a segment at 3p21.3 is frequently observed in lung cancer and several other carcinomas. We have identified the Ras-association domain family 1A gene (RASSF1A), which is localized at 3p21.3 in a minimum deletion sequence. De novo methylation of the RASSF1A promoter is one of the most frequent epigenetic inactivation events detected in human cancer and leads to silencing of RASSF1A expression. Hypermethylation of RASSF1A was frequently found in most major types of human tumors including lung, breast, prostate, pancreas, kidney, liver, cervical, thyroid and many other cancers. The detection of RASSF1A methylation in body fluids such as serum, urine, and sputum promises to be a useful marker for early cancer detection. The functional analysis of RASSF1A reveals a potential involvement of this protein in apoptotic signaling, microtubule stabilization, and cell cycle progression. 相似文献
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Agnieszka Bukowska-Damska Edyta Reszka Pawel Kaluzny Edyta Wieczorek Monika Przybek Shanbeh Zienolddiny 《Chronobiology international》2018,35(1):122-131
Chronic sleep restriction may affect metabolism, hormone secretion patterns and inflammatory responses. Limited reports suggest also epigenetic effects, such as changes in DNA methylation profiles. The study aims to assess the potential association between poor sleep quality or sleep duration and the levels of 5-methylcytosine in the promoter regions of selected tumor suppressor genes. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 710 nurses and midwives aged 40–60 years. Data from interviews regarding sleep habits and potential confounders were used. The methylation status of tumor suppressor genes was determined via qMSP reactions using DNA samples derived from leucocytes. No significant findings were observed in the total study population or in the two subgroups of women stratified by the current system of work. A borderline significance association was observed between a shorter duration of sleep and an increased methylation level in CDKN2A among day working nurses and midwives. Further studies are warranted to explore this under-investigated topic. 相似文献