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1.
角雉属Tragopan两性羽色不同,雄性具有艳丽的装饰性羽毛,这与一般雉族Phasianini相似;而尾较翅为短,尾羽的换羽从中央到外侧,这些特征又与鹑族Perdicini各属相同,形态特征上角雉属被划为鹑族.通过PCR扩增鸡形目Galliformes黄腹角雉Tragopan caboti等10个属19个个体的线粒体DNA细胞色素b的部分基因,获取片段长度为828bp,以及从GenBank获取22种样本的相应序列,以角叫鸭Anhima cornuta和海龟Kachuga dhongoka为外群,分别用邻接法(Neighbor-joining,NJ)和最小进化法(Minimum-evolution,ME),对鸡形目和将雉科的15个属分为5个属及雉族和鹑族构建分子系统树,NJ和ME系统树中,都是角雉与雉类相聚.角雉出现形态解剖与基因分析分类地位的不一致,说明雉和鹑可能不是单系群.同时我们认为雌雄的色泽区别比尾羽的长短和换羽方式在对雉和鹑形态特征分类时更为重要.从分子水平分析的结果都是角雉属与雉聚类.因此角雉归为雉族更合理.  相似文献   

2.
本研究从GenBank下载了31种鸡形目鸟类、2种雁形目鸟类、1种戴胜目鸟类、1种佛法僧目鸟类和1种犀鸟目鸟类的线粒体16SrRNA基因的部分序列。经比对后序列长度为1384bp,其中有400个变异位点。A+T平均含量为54.2%,C+G平均含量为45.8%。贝叶斯系统发生分析揭示出鸡形目和雁形目分别形成单系。研究表明:(1)珠鸡科是鸡形目中较为原始的一个类群;(2)传统分类中的雉亚科和鹑亚科并非分别形成单系;(3)吐绶鸡科和松鸡科与雉科的亲缘关系较近;(4)孔雀属、Francolinus和Bambusicola之间的亲缘关系较近;山鹑属与多个雉亚科的亲缘关系较近;(5)雉科内各个属的属内分化主要发生于后中新世-更新世期间。  相似文献   

3.
以mtDNA细胞色素b基因探讨斑翅山鹑的分类地位   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
以线粒体DNA细胞色素b(mtDNA Cytb)基因作为分子标记,提取鸡形目雉科10个属18个样本的DNA,PCR扩增自动测序,获得序列长度828bp。将山鹑属中的斑翅山鹑(Perdix dauuricae)与其近缘属排序对比,分别以角叫鸭(Anhima cornuta)和海龟(Kachuga dhongoka)为外群,用邻接法、最大简约法和最小进化法构建分子系统发生树。邻接法构建的系统树显示斑翅山鹑与雉聚类,核苷酸序列差异值斑翅山鹑与环颈雉为15.2%,与石鸡为16.1%。分析认为在雉科中斑翅山鹑与雉类更接近,而与真正的鹑亲缘关系较远。同时以mtDNA分析鸟类系统发生时海龟更适合作为外群。以角叫鸭为外群加入西方松鸡(Tetrao urogallus)时,则斑翅山鹑的分类地位不能确定,这可能与鸡形目的适应辐射有关。  相似文献   

4.
宋森  刘迺发 《生态学报》2013,33(14):4215-4225
石鸡属(Alectoris,Kaup 1829)鸟类隶属鸟纲,鸡形目(Galliformes),雉科(Phasianidae),全世界共有7种石鸡属鸟类。综合分类、生理生化、生态学、系统地理学和遗传学等方面的内容对石鸡属鸟类的研究历史进行了回顾和总结,侧重介绍了我国学者在石鸡属鸟类方面的研究。提出了石鸡属鸟类今后研究的方向。  相似文献   

5.
通常认为古腭型鸟类处在现生鸟类系统进化树的基部,最近的分子水平研究则认为今腭型鸟类中雀形目种类构成了现生鸟类中一个最古老的支系.本研究通过对现生鸟类中21目39种核c-mos基因和线粒体12S rRNA基因部分序列的分析,从分子角度对现生鸟类的早期进化及三趾鹑鸟类的系统发生进行了探讨.研究结果表明,鸡雁类是现生鸟类最古老的一个支系,现生鸟类的祖先并不是经白垩纪到第三纪大灭绝后残留下来的一些过渡性水鸟(transitional shorebirds).在现生鸟类中,今腭型鸟类为并系发生,古腭型鸟类为单系发生.三趾鹑类在系统发生中晚于鸡雁类和古腭型鸟类,早于今腭型鸟类中非鸡雁类鸟类与鹤形目鸟类的亲缘关系较远.建议将现生鸟类分为初鸟下纲和新鸟下纲2个下纲,三趾鹑类属新鸟下纲的三趾鹑目(Turniciformes).  相似文献   

6.
血雉分类地位和遗传分化的探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
长期以来对血雉Ithaginis应划归雉类还是鹑类和是多型属还是单型属一直存在着争议.在此对3个亚种,西藏亚种Ithaginis cruentus tibetanus,甘肃亚种I.c.berezawskii和四川亚种I.c.geoffroyii的6个个体的血雉与典型的雉类雉属Phasiamus、锦鸡属Chrysolophus、长尾雉属Syrmaticus及典型的鹑类石鸡属Alectoris、鹌鹑属Coturnix和雪鸡属Tetraogallus的线粒体DNA细胞色素6的部分基因序列比较,系统进化树中血雉与雉类聚在一起.根据血雉地理分布,多亚种中心理论,区域地理历史,环境演变和分子钟指示的时间,血雉可能于早上新世起源于横断山脉.3个亚种之间序列差异为4.1%-7.2%,与雉科其它属的种问差异度比较,其遗传分化已达到种的水平,与形态差异相吻合.  相似文献   

7.
喜马拉雅雪鸡属国家二级保护动物,是生存海拔最高的鸡类,同时在维持生态平衡和鸟类高海拔适应性研究中具有重要的科研价值。本研究以东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡为研究对象,采用直接测序法,拼接组装获得该物种线粒体(mtDNA)全基因组序列,对mtDNA全序列进行注释和结构分析,并选择GenBank已提交的鸡形目鸟类mtDNA序列,利用邻接法构建系统发育树,为该物种的有效保护和开发利用提供分子水平的依据。结果表明:喜马拉雅雪鸡的mtDNA全长为16 691 bp,基因种类、数量及排列顺序与鸟类线粒体基因典型排列顺序一致。基因组核苷酸含量为A:30.2%;T:23.9%;C:32.2%;G:13.8%;(A+T)含量(54%)略高于G+C (46%)含量,AT-skew为0.116 7,有一定的碱基偏好。在本研究中,东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡起始密码子以ATG为主,终止密码子以TAA为主。预测了22个tRNA的二级结构,均能形成典型的三叶草结构,共有错配25处,以GU错配为主,喜马拉雅雪鸡tRNASer (UCN)基因比藏雪鸡的tRNASer (UCN)基因多出3个碱基;系统发育树构建表明雪鸡与鹌鹑关系最近,我们发现东帕米尔高原喜马拉雅雪鸡与甘肃阿克塞自治县喜马拉雅雪鸡形成两个独立的进化支。  相似文献   

8.
鸡形目鸟类系统发生研究现状   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
综合形态学、行为学、分子系统发生等方面研究成果,对世界鸡形目鸟类科的系统关系以及属、种间系统发生的研究进展进行了阐述,侧重介绍与我国鸡形目鸟类相关类群的系统发生研究现状。与传统的系统关系比较,新的研究结果主要有:凤冠雉科和冢雉科不再是互为姊妹群;传统分类中的雉族和鹑族被证明并非单源而是多源的;雉族的原鸡属与鹑族的竹鸡属有很近的亲缘关系;灰山鹑、火鸡和松鸡类的系统发生关系可能很近。分子进化的研究表明雉科各属的起源主要集中在上新世。  相似文献   

9.
采用PCR产物直接测序法,获得了蜻科6属9种蜻蜓的线粒体细胞色素 b (Cyt b)核苷酸序列(长度576 bp).A+T平均含量较高,为69.2%.氨基酸密码子第三位点的A+T平均含量最高(86.5%).变异位点数为216个(约占37.5%),简约信息位点148个,数据显示这几种蜻蜓之间DNA序列变异丰富.用一种豆娘 Megalestes maai 作外群构建系统发育树表明蜻科为单系群,灰蜻属较进化,黄蜻属相对较古老一些.这6属的起源关系为黄蜻属和赤蜻属→宽腹蜻属→椎腹蜻属和红蜻属→灰蜻属.  相似文献   

10.
张国萍  王蔚  朱世杰  申煜  常弘 《四川动物》2005,24(4):500-506
鹳形目鸟类的传统分类一直存在分歧,而近期的分子系统学研究大多只用单个基因,其结论的可信度需要进一步验证.本文通过核c-mos基因和线粒体12S rRNA基因序列分别和合并分析,采用分子系统学方法探讨了鹳形目6科12种鸟类的系统发生关系.文中测出鹳形目鸟类6种核c-mos基因的片断序列,结合来自Genebank的其他种类的c-mos和12S rRNA基因序列,分别经Clustal W软件对位排列后,以原鸡为外类群用最大似然法、邻接法和最大简约法建立系统树.系统树分析表明, 鹳形目6科之间的系统发生关系总结为:(鹭科,((鹮科,美洲鹫科),(鹳科,(鲸头鹳科,锤头鹳科)))).鹭科7个属之间的系统发生关系总结为:(麻(开鸟)属(夜鹭属(池鹭属(苍鹭属(中白鹭属(白鹭属,大白鹭属)))))).分别基于两个单基因的系统树有一定差异,而基于合并数据的系统树支持率和分辨率都高于基于单基因的系统树,表明使用在遗传上相对独立的分子数据合并建立系统树有较高的可信度和分辨率,是一种更好的研究方法.  相似文献   

11.
白腹锦鸡和红腹锦鸡的遗传分化   总被引:27,自引:3,他引:24  
向余劲攻  杨岚  张亚平 《遗传》2000,22(4):225-228
白腹锦鸡Chrysolophus amherstiae (Leadbeater)和红腹锦鸡Chrysolophus pictus (L.)是两个种还是两个亚种尚有争议。测定了白腹锦鸡C.amherstiae两个个体部分细胞色素b基因序列,得到完全相同的861bp的序列。与红腹锦鸡C.pictus的同源序列相比,在21个位点上出现变异,应用木村资生的双参数法算出两者的遗传距离为2.5%。根据鸡形目细胞色素b基因核苷酸替换的速率约为每百万年0.5%~ 0.7%,推断出两种锦鸡的分化时间至少为1.7百万年。从而在分子水平上支持白腹锦鸡(C.amherstiae)和红腹锦鸡(C.pictus)是两个独立种。 Abstract:It was disputed that Chrysolophus amherstiae (Leadbeater) and Chrysolophus pictus (L.) were two species or two subspecies.DNA sequences spanning 861 nucleotide bases of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene were reported in two C.amherstiae.21 sites were different compared with C.pictus's homologous sequences. Genetic distance between C.amherstiae and was 2.5% based on the Kimura's two parameter's methods.The divergence time between C.amherstiae and C.pictus was at least 1.7My based on the substitution rate of nucleotide acid of cytothrome-b gene in Galliformes.We suggested that Chrysolophus amherstiae and Chrysolophus pictus are two distinct species.  相似文献   

12.
To define the process of karyotypic evolution in the Galliformes on a molecular basis, we conducted genome-wide comparative chromosome painting for eight species, i.e. silver pheasant (Lophura nycthemera), Lady Amherst's pheasant (Chrysolophus amherstiae), ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), Western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus), Chinese bamboo-partridge (Bambusicola thoracica) and common peafowl (Pavo cristatus) of the Phasianidae, and plain chachalaca (Ortalis vetula) of the Cracidae, with chicken DNA probes of chromosomes 1-9 and Z. Including our previous data from five other species, chicken (Gallus gallus), Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) and blue-breasted quail (Coturnix chinensis) of the Phasianidae, guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) of the Numididae and California quail (Callipepla californica) of the Odontophoridae, we represented the evolutionary changes of karyotypes in the 13 species of the Galliformes. In addition, we compared the cytogenetic data with the molecular phylogeny of the 13 species constructed with the nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, and discussed the process of karyotypic evolution in the Galliformes. Comparative chromosome painting confirmed the previous data on chromosome rearrangements obtained by G-banding analysis, and identified several novel chromosome rearrangements. The process of the evolutionary changes of macrochromosomes in the 13 species was in good accordance with the molecular phylogeny, and the ancestral karyotype of the Galliformes is represented.  相似文献   

13.
通过对云南省昆明市禄劝地区30只中缅树鼩(Tupaia belangeri)细胞色素b(Cytochrome b,Cyt b)基因全序列(1 140 bp)的遗传分析,对禄劝地区中缅树鼩;Cyt b基因特征进行初步探讨.结果表明,禄劝地区中缅树鼩Cyt b基因包含32个核苷酸变异位点,占全序列的2.81%,其转换/颠换为10.4.基于Cyt b基因的遗传距离构建的分子系统树显示,本实验研究的中缅树鼩是一个独立的分类单位而非普通树鼩(T.glis)的亚种;同时显示攀鼩目(Scandentia)与皮翼目(Dermoptera)亲缘关系较近.  相似文献   

14.
Smith EJ  Shi L  Tu Z 《Genetica》2005,124(1):23-32
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences remain the most widely used for phylogenetic analysis in birds. A major limitation of mtDNA sequences, however, is that mitochondria genes are inherited as a single linkage group. Here we describe the use of a 540-bp DNA sequence corresponding to the G3 domain of Gallus gallus nuclear aggrecan gene (AGC1) for phylogenetic analysis of the main groups of Galliformes including Phasianidae, Numididae, and Odontophoridae. We also included species from Cracidae and Megapodiidae which are considered by some as Craciformes and others, including here as Galliformes. The uncorrected sequence divergence of the G3 fragments ranges from 1 among the grouses to 36% between some of the distant groups within Galliformes. These sequences contain 39–48% AT nucleotides and the ratios of transition versus transversion are above 1.5 in majority of the comparisons. Using G3 sequences from an Anseriform, Oxyura jamaicensis, as out-groups, phylogenetic trees were obtained using maximum parsimony and distance algorithms and bootstrap analyses. These trees were consistent with those described using Avian sarcoma and leucosis virus gag genes and those from amino acid sequences of hemoglobin and lysozyme c. Our data also support relationships among Galliformes which were defined using mtDNA sequences. In addition to the general support of the five main families of Galliformes, our data are also consistent with previous work that showed Francolinus africanus and Gallus gallus are in the same clade and that Tetraoninae is a well-supported monophyletic subfamily within Phasianidae. The results presented here suggest that the AGC1 sequences meet the criterion of novel nuclear DNA sequences that can be used to help resolve the relationships among Galliformes.  相似文献   

15.
Mitochondrial fragments containing the cytochrome b gene (1020 bp in size) of four bird species belonging to four genera of the family Tetraonidae (Tetrao parvirostris, Bonasa umbellus, Lagopus lagopus scoticus, and Falcipennis falcipennis) were directly sequenced. Of the 1020 nucleotide positions, 186 were variable and uniformly distributed over the gene and only 46 were parsimony informative. Most substitutions were synonymous. Replacement substitutions were detected for 15 out of 340 amino acid sites; only four replacements were parsimony informative. The greatest codon bias was found for leucine and serine. The C-T transitions and the G-C transversions were, respectively, the most common (60.7%) and the most rare (5.9%). The mutation frequencies were high at the third codon position (85.2%) and relatively low at the first and the second position. At the third codon position of the species examined, the guanine content was the lowest (3.3%) and the cytosine content was the highest (44.5%). Based on the cytochrome b gene sequences, phylogenetic relationships in the order Galliformes are inferred.  相似文献   

16.
17.
基于线粒体COⅠ基因的齿小蠹属昆虫DNA条形码研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
齿小蠹属(鞘翅目: 小蠹科)昆虫是植物检疫中经常截获的类群, 为探讨线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因的特定区段作为DNA条形码快速准确鉴定齿小蠹种类的可行性, 以齿小蠹属昆虫为研究对象, 测定分析了线粒体COⅠ基因462 bp碱基序列。序列分析结果显示: 变异位点为259个, 保守位点203个, 简约信息位点181个, 自裔位点78个。所有位点中, A, G, C和T碱基平均含量分别为30.7%, 16.5%, 17.0%和35.8%。A+T含量较高, 为66.5%, 明显高于G+C含量, 表现明显的A+T碱基偏嗜, 且A与T含量相当, 符合昆虫线粒体基因碱基组成的基本特征。转换与颠换结果显示: 该段序列未达到饱和, 可以得到准确的进化分析。利用Kimura 2-parameter模型分析遗传距离得到, 同物种间的遗传距离介于0.002~0.007之间, 不同种间的遗传距离介于0.056~0.431间, 平均遗传距离为0.199, 说明该段序列能够区分不同物种。基于COⅠ基因序列构建的邻接法系统发育树(NJ树)显示, 同一物种聚为同一小支, 且分支自展值均为100%; 近缘种能聚集在一起, 且置信度很高(≥97%)。结果表明应用基于COⅠ基因片段的DNA条形码进行齿小蠹属昆虫分类鉴定具有可行性。  相似文献   

18.
19.
以线粒体DNA Cytb确立红喉雉鹑和黄喉雉鹑的分类地位   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用PCR技术获得红喉雉鹑Tetraophasis obscurus和黄喉雉鹑Tetraophasis szechenyii等物种的828 bp Cytb基因片段,雉鹑属Tetraophasis可变位点为26个,并用MEGA3和K-Estimator 6.1软件进行了序列分析.研究发现红喉雉鹑和黄喉雉鹑之间序列差异为3.0%~3.1%,与其它属种间序列差异相比较,两种雉鹑之间的序列差异达到了种的水平;它们地理分布互相替代;形态差异稳定.地理分布、形态特征和遗传特征均验证了它们应为两个独立的种.依据分子进化速率推测,两种雉鹑分歧时间距今2.0Myr左右,与早更新世冰期发生的时间一致.雉鹑起源于青藏高原,随着青藏高原的抬升,早更新世冰期气候变冷,寒温性针叶林的林线下移,大面积高原草甸出现,雉鹑的祖先种群被隔离进化,而形成了两种雉鹑.  相似文献   

20.
Divergence between two eastern Pacific forms of Triphoturus , currently considered to belong to the same species was tested by DNA sequences of the cytochrome b gene (DNA obtained from larvae collected in northern Chile and from adults in the Southern California Bight) and examination of larval characters. The number of apparently fixed substitutions (12 among 31 variable sites, out of 1001 bases) was high and the pattern of mid‐lateral trunk pigmentation in larvae also differed consistently between the two forms. The results support the separate species status for T. mexicanus (North America) and T. oculeus (Central‐South America).  相似文献   

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