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1.
动物界发展到了环节动物,产生了次生体腔(真体腔),体壁和肠壁都具有了包括环肌与纵肌的肌肉层。由于体壁的肌肉层发达,增强了运动机能。蚯蚓的组织结构,清楚地表现出这个特点。蚯蚓体壁最外层为单层上皮组织,并向外分泌_层薄的角质膜。上皮下为狭的环肌层与发达的纵肌层,最内为体腔上皮。环肌层由围绕身体排列的肌细胞(肌纤维)组成,肌细胞排列不规则,聚集成群,埋在疏松结缔组织里。纵肌层较厚,连续贯穿于身体全长,成束排列,各束间为结缔组织膜(内含微血管)所隔开。肌细胞一端附着在肌束间的结缔组织膜上,一端游离(图1)。  相似文献   

2.
王翠霞  邓立君 《动物学报》1992,38(2):220-221
本文作者继1986年用扫描电镜研究猪巨吻棘头虫 Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceu(Pallas,1781;Travassos,1916)的成虫、童虫、棘头体和虫卵之后,又对其成虫体内的吻腺、原肾球、子宫钟、睾丸、粘液腺和交合伞等形态结构进行了研究,初步结果介绍于下: 材料和方法 猪巨吻棘头虫成功收集于沈阳市肉食品加工厂屠宰车间,从猪小肠肉取出新鲜活虫体,经生理盐水充分洗涤干净,用锋利解剖刀剖开虫体,取得标本按常规方法制备扫描样品,置临界点干  相似文献   

3.
魏刚 《动物分类学报》1998,23(4):342-345
本记述丽棘虫属一新种,即重庆丽棘虫Brentisentis chongqingensis sp.nov.与其它相似种进行了比较。新种体呈梭形;吻部细长,雄虫的吻大小为(1.58 ̄1.78)mm×(0.14 ̄0.20)mm;吻钩12纵行,每行有吻钩22 ̄24个;吻腺很长,延伸到身体后部;前、后精巢的大小分别为(0.28 ̄0.61)mm×(0.24 ̄0.35)mm,(0.25 ̄0.56)mm×(0.  相似文献   

4.
弓形革囊星虫(Phascolosoma arcuatum)是近年兴起的水产养殖品种,目前已形成一定养殖规模,但是其生物学特性相关的研究只有零星报道。本文主要采用石蜡切片苏木精-伊红(H.E)染色和扫描电镜方法对弓形革囊星虫的整体形态和各主要器官的结构进行研究。结果表明,弓形革囊星虫主要由吻部和躯干部构成,躯干部有乳突分布;吻部由触手和项器构成,伸长可达躯干部的两倍,具有感光性。其消化系统由口、食道、肠、肛门四个部分构成,不同部分的肌肉组织存在明显差异;收吻肌一端与吻相连,另一端分成4支,分别连于背部两侧(背收吻肌)和腹部两侧(腹收吻肌);食道贴于收吻肌,后连接肠。肠分为肠下回环与肠上回环,肠上回环与肠下回环缠绕盘旋,肠上回环后接直肠。直肠具有盲囊,后连接肛门;两条肾管分布在腹侧。  相似文献   

5.
长江上游圆口铜鱼幼鱼肠道内寄生小吻虫种群生态的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对长江上游圆口铜鱼幼鱼肠道内寄生小吻虫种群生态的研究表明,长江上游圆口铜鱼幼鱼体内小吻虫感染率为69.88%,感染强度8.18(1-47),相对密度5.72。雌鱼的感染率和感染强度均高于雄鱼,体长4.0~5.9cm的圆口铜鱼被小吻虫的感染率最高,且染虫对肥满度有显著影响。小吻虫在圆口铜鱼幼鱼种群中呈负二项分布,66%的虫体集丛分布在圆口铜鱼肠道的前段,其种群主要由5mm以下个体组成,雌虫明显多于雄虫。  相似文献   

6.
采用高速逆流色谱法,分别以正己烷-乙酸乙酯-无水乙醇-水(3∶3∶2∶3 V/V)和氯仿-甲醇-0.2 mol/L盐酸(4∶3∶1.5 V/V)为溶剂体系,从300 mg钩吻总碱中分离纯化出一种钩吻生物碱单体30.78 mg,高效液相色谱技术分析其质量分数为97.76%,核磁共振谱、质谱分析确证其为钩吻素甲;通过小鼠醋酸扭体法检测,表明钩吻总碱和钩吻素甲对小鼠均具有显著的镇痛活性。高速逆流色谱技术可高效分离纯化具有镇痛活性的钩吻素甲。  相似文献   

7.
强壮粗体虫是鳜肠道最常见寄生蠕虫。通过光镜及电镜对自然感染强壮粗体虫的鳜肠道进行了组织病理观察。强壮粗体虫的寄生引起鳜肠上皮细胞脱落、肠固有膜层结缔组织增生及白细胞向病灶处浸润 ,并可观察到嗜酸性粒细胞附着在与肠上皮及固有膜接触的虫体的体壁及吻部。在虫体吻部与肠固有膜层接触处依次观察到纤维细胞、成纤维细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞等 ,其中嗜酸性粒细胞又可分为未成熟嗜酸性粒细胞、成熟的嗜酸性粒细胞及正在脱颗粒的嗜酸性粒细胞。另外在肠壁的固有膜层观察到包裹虫体的结缔组织纤维囊 ,囊壁由三层结构构成 ,同时在鳜肠壁相同的位置观察到被宿主细胞浸润了的组织空腔 ,推测其为结缔组织纤维囊退化所形成  相似文献   

8.
根据551尾标本研究了生活在长江干流中圆筒吻(鱼句)的年龄与生长,并提出了资源合理利用建议.圆筒吻(鱼句)的鳞片可作为年龄鉴定的依据,年轮形成期主要在2~5月.圆筒吻(鱼句)的体长与鳞长呈直线关系,与体重呈幂指数关系,生长适合Von Bertalanffy生长方程.在1~2龄生长最快,为保护圆筒吻(鱼句)资源,应限捕体长200 mm以下的个体.  相似文献   

9.
面状前吻吸虫生活史的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
刘升发 《动物学报》1994,40(3):231-240
本文报告面状前吻吸虫的全程生活史。首次发现其第一中间宿主-寻氏肌蛤通过大量的观察研究确认其胞蚴只有一代,尾蚴和囊蚴都有不同程度的现象,同时还指出后蚴的发育与水温有密切关系。  相似文献   

10.
陈金印  张坤  沈勇  徐敏  蒋福升  丁志山  范永升 《蛇志》2012,24(2):156-159,184
目的观察投喂不同食物时尖吻蝮(Dienagkistrodon acutus)幼蛇的开口率,研究尖吻蝮幼蛇对食物的选择性,寻找最适宜的尖吻蝮幼蛇开口饵料;研究气味对尖吻蝮进食行为的影响,为人工配合饲料开发提供理论基础。方法将尖吻蝮幼蛇随机分组,在相同条件下对幼蛇进行饲养,分别使用泽蛙、幼体蟾蜍、SD大鼠的乳鼠、昆明种小鼠幼鼠、大麦虫、蚯蚓、中华蟋蟀、蟑螂对尖吻蝮幼蛇进行投喂,并统计开口率;在黑暗条件下投喂新鲜的死泽蛙和小鼠肉块,减少振感和食物与环境间温差对尖吻蝮的刺激,观察记录尖吻蝮的进食行为。结果尖吻蝮幼体开口率与食物种类有明显相关性,对蛙类和鼠类的开口率较高,而对昆虫类几乎无捕食。同时存在多种食物时尖吻蝮对食物有一定选择性,对运动较活跃和体温较高的食物选择性高。尖吻蝮可凭借气味寻找到食物并完成进食,对死食的进食率较活食低。结论 (1)泽蛙和幼鼠是尖吻蝮幼蛇的理想开口饵料;(2)尖吻蝮捕食过程中,除依赖视觉、震感、颊窝红外热感等感知食物外,还可通过气味来识别食物。  相似文献   

11.
Shichun  Sun  Jingrang  Lu 《Hydrobiologia》1998,367(1-3):175-187
A new genus and species of heteronemertean, Yinia pratensis gen. nov. and sp. nov., collected from low salinity waters (salinity 0.2–0.4 ‰) at Changjiang River Estuary, is described and illustrated. The species possesses a proboscis with an outer circular and an inner longitudinal muscle layer, and is placed in family Lineidae sensu Gibson. The following combination of morphological features distinguishes the new species from any other genera in this family: proboscis with two muscle crosses; dermis without connective tissue layer between gland cells and body wall outer longitudinal muscle layer; rhynchocoel wall circular muscles not interweaving with adjacent body wall longitudinal muscles; foregut with circular somatic muscles and subepithelial gland cell layer; neurochord cells present in central nervous system; caudal cirrus missing; blood system developed into alimentary plexus extending almost the full length of the body. Another significant character is that the lobular excretory cells are extremely well developed which may represent adaptation to water of low salinity. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

12.
The extended proboscis of the toxoglossan gastropod Conus may exceed four times its contracted length and 1.5 times the shell length. The proboscis wall consists of cuboidal epidermis and circular, crossed helical and longitudinal muscle layers. Between the proboscis wall and its lumen, free longitudinal muscles and nerves course through haemocoel. A thick layer of connective tissue and columnar epithelium surround the proboscis lumen. In C. Catus , muscle comprises about 70% of the volume of the proboscis (exclusive of its lumen) and haemocoel about 20%, in both moderately extended and contracted states. Differentiation along the length of the proboscis includes gradual replacement of muscle by connective tissue distally in the proboscis wall, and a subapical sphincter muscle that probably prevents back-slippage of the detached radular tooth prior to its use in feeding and aids injection of the tooth into the prey during capture.  相似文献   

13.
I I Malkova 《Parazitologiia》1989,23(2):159-165
The tail structure of larvae of Maritrema subdolum and Microphallus claviformes is similar in essence. Its wall is made by the tegument and underlying layers of muscles. The syncytial anucleated tegumental lamina with the only type of secretory inclusions forms regular circular folds along the tail. The outer muscle layer is formed by the smooth muscular cells. It is underlaid by the longitudinal cross-striated muscles with the strongly pronounced sarcomere organization. The nucleus-containing bodies of the muscle cells occupy the axial part of the tail excepting the central cavity. The functional joining of tail and body musculatures is provided by thick muscle bundles in the caudal department of the larval body.  相似文献   

14.
The nerve pathways in the praesoma are described for a member of the class Eoacanthocephala for the first time. Eleven nerves, five paired and one single, are traced from the cerebral ganglion to their associations with the musculature of the body wall, neck sense organs, and the musculature of the proboscis wall and the invertor muscles of the proboscis. The structure and location of the stutzzelle and series of nerve endings in the hypodermis of the body wall and at the apex of the proboscis are described.  相似文献   

15.
16.
17.
A histological study of the pre-oral spine and associated structures in Argulus japonicus reveals that two exceptionally long and slender muscles casuse retraction of the spine into the spinal sheath. Originating from the body wall mid-dorsally the two muscles proceed through the nerve ring and the blood-filled lumen of the spinal sheath before being inserted on a bolster of tissue constituting the base of the spine. Movement of the spinal sheath is affected by two muscles originating from a common apodeme in the dorsal body wall, just posterior to the nauplius eye, and inserted on the lateral walls of the base of the spinal sheath. Two ducts, each leading from a glandular complex in the lateral parts of the carapace, proceed rostrally through the haemocoelic spaces. After passing the tritocerebrum laterally they accompany the retractor muscles of the spine on their course to the base of the spine. Passing through the bolster of tissue at the base of the spine the two ducts run all the way up to the tip of the spine where they open separately. The glandula praeboscoidalis is not associated with the pre-oral spine since its duct runs posteriorly in the wall of the proboscis. The labial spines are associated with giant glandular cells located beneath the optic tracts. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

18.
The organisation of the praesoma in the parasite Acanthocephalus anguillae was studied on the light and electron microscopic level, with emphasis on the morphology of the musculature. The study was compiled to add new data to the ground pattern of the Acanthocephala for analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the Gnathifera. In A. anguillae the praesomal epidermis and lemnisci form a coherent syncytium, separated from the epidermis of the trunk. Hooks are seen to be derivatives of the subepidermal basal lamina and are covered by the praesomal epidermis. The praesomal circular body wall musculature forms a network of anastomosing muscle fibres that lines the proboscis; a praesomal longitudinal body wall musculature does not exist. The truncal circular and longitudinal body wall musculature rise up to the praesomal proboscis. The unpaired proboscis retractor, consisting of longitudinal circomyar fibres, forms an outer and an inner concentric tube; the latter extends through the entire praesoma and penetrates the receptacle wall. The sack-like receptacle is surrounded by a receptacle constrictor. The nervous system of the praesoma consists of a prominent cerebral ganglion, three nerves which extend anteriorly, ramify and end within the praesomal musculature, and two strong lateral posterior nerves. A. anguillae lacks an apical organ, lateral organs and a support cell. Many of the features present in the praesoma of A. anguillae can be assumed as ground-pattern characteristics of the Acanthocephala. Accepted: 22 January 2001  相似文献   

19.
Summary A whole-mount fluorescence technique using rhodamine-labeled phalloidin was used to demonstrate for the first time the whole muscle system of a free-living plathelminth, Macrostomum hystricinum marinum. As expected, the body-wall musculature consisted of circular, longitudinal, and diagonal fibers over the trunk. Also distinct were the musculature of the gut and of the mouth and pharynx (circular, longitudinal, and radial). Dorsoventral fibers where restricted in this species to the head and tail regions. Circular muscle fibers in the body wall were often grouped into bands of up to four parallel strands. Surprisingly, diagonal fibers formed two distinct sets, one dorsal and one ventral. Certain diagonal muscle fibers entered the wall of the mouth and were continuous with some longitudinal muscles of the pharynx. Dorsoventral fibers in the rostrum occurred partly in regularly spaced pairs, a fact not known for free-living Plathelminthes. All muscle fibers appeared to be mononucleated. During postembryonic development, the number of circular muscle fibers can be estimated to increase by a factor of 3.5 and that of longitudinal muscles by a factor of 2. Apparently as many as 700–800 circular muscle cells must be added in the region of the gut alone during postembryonic development. Stem cells (neoblasts), identified by TEM in the caudalmost region of the gut, lie along the lateral nerve cords. In the same body region most perikarya of circular muscle cells occurred in a similar position. This suggests that the nucleus-containing part of the cell remains in the position where differentiation starts.  相似文献   

20.
Kajihara  Hiroshi  Gibson  Ray  Mawatari  Shunsuke F. 《Hydrobiologia》2001,456(1-3):187-198
A new genus and species of monostiliferous hoplonemertean, Diopsonemertes acanthocephala gen. et sp. nov., is described from Otsuchi Bay, Japan. Significant anatomical features of the new form include a body wall longitudinal musculature anteriorly divided into inner and outer layers by connective tissue, no pre-cerebral septum, the presence of a thin coat of diagonal muscle fibres between the body wall longitudinal and circular muscle layers in the foregut body region, cephalic retractor muscles derived only from the inner portion of the divided longitudinal muscles and a rhynchocoel more than half the body length.  相似文献   

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