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1.
本文应用地理信息系统,分析了朱( Nipponia nippon) 栖息地洋县的地形、植被、水域和人为干扰的地理特征,根据朱 的喜好将这4 种景观因子对朱 的适宜度进行量化,并把这4 个图层叠加,得到栖息地对朱 的综合适宜度。对比朱 的实际分布,发现朱 集中分布在适宜度较高的区域内,由此证明这4 种景观因子对朱 的重要性。另外,在部分高适宜度区域内从未发现朱 ,所以可能有其它因素影响朱 的分布。  相似文献   

2.
雪豹是全球生物多样性保护的旗舰物种,精准评估雪豹栖息地质量可为其种群保护提供科学参考。本文选取地形、气候、植被类型和人为干扰等环境因子,采用景观连接度和MaxEnt模型两种方法,对祁连山国家公园青海片区雪豹栖息地质量进行评价。结果表明:高适宜栖息地主要分布在研究区的西部和中部,适宜面积占青海片区总面积的71.8% ~ 77.5%,两种方法预测的适宜栖息地重叠区为8 979.1 km2,占青海片区总面积的56.7%;39.8% ~ 43.3%的适宜栖息地分布在一般控制区,56.7% ~ 60.2%的适宜栖息地分布在核心保护区;疏勒河源区适宜栖息地面积最多,石羊河源区适宜栖息地面积最少,黑河源区适宜栖息地面积占比最高,约为77.1% ~ 91.8%。适宜栖息地面积整体呈现自东向西递增的趋势。一般控制区分布有较大面积的雪豹栖息地,人类活动将是一般控制区雪豹栖息地的潜在威胁。本研究对优化雪豹就地保护措施提供科学借鉴与参考。  相似文献   

3.
印度野牛(Bos gaurus)在中国分布在云南省南部和西藏藏南地区。2016年2–3月和2016年11–12月,我们在西双版纳州、普洱市及高黎贡山区域开展印度野牛调查,并对藏南地区进行文献调研,共获得47处印度野牛有效出现位点数据。目前云南地区印度野牛种群数量约180–210头,面临着严重的生存危机;在高黎贡山未发现印度野牛。利用印度野牛分布位点数据,选取地形、土地覆被类型、人类足迹指数、距水源和道路距离以及气候共5类14种因子作为自变量建立MaxEnt生态位模型,通过模拟云南和西藏印度野牛的适宜分布区,分析各环境因子对该物种分布的影响。结果表明:模型预测精度较高,平均AUC (area under the curve)值为0.994。印度野牛潜在适宜栖息地可划分为高适宜、次适宜、低适宜和不适宜4个等级。高适宜栖息地主要分布在云南省西双版纳和藏南地区,其中西双版纳部分镶嵌有次适宜和低适宜栖息地斑块,面积为4,987 km2;藏南部分高适宜栖息地面积为13,995 km2。次适宜栖息地主要分布于云南省南部、高黎贡山区域以及藏南高适宜栖息地区的边缘,总面积为32,778 km2。低适宜和不适宜栖息地区连接成片,位于云南省中部、北部地区和藏南地区北部。Jackknife检验结果显示,季节温度变化和等温线对印度野牛潜在分布区的影响较大,而地形因子和降水变化的影响较弱。遥感地物分类结果表明:橡胶林等人工经济林的种植占据了西双版纳野牛的适宜栖息地,降低了景观连接度。建议管理部门加大对天然林的保护力度,控制橡胶林等人工林在野牛适宜栖息地的扩张,提高景观连接度,以促进该物种种群的恢复。  相似文献   

4.
利用20世纪50和80年代海南坡鹿(Cervus eldi hainanus)的分布数据,构建栖息地分布模型和栖息地变化模型,分析了主要景观及其分布变化对上述2个时期坡鹿适宜栖息地的影响,并对景观因素变化对栖息地分布变化产生的影响进行了评价。结果表明:50年代海南坡鹿的适宜栖息地分布与林地面积比率、斑块丰富度显著正相关,而与林地边缘密度呈显著负相关;80年代其适宜栖息地分布则与斑块丰富度呈显著负相关,与林地边缘密度呈显著正相关;道路密度也影响本时期坡鹿适宜栖息地的分布。草地转化为林地的比率、道路密度变化率、草地转化为农田的比率、林地和草地转换为居民地的比率均对海南坡鹿的栖息地分布变化具有重要影响。研究表明,坡鹿栖息地的分布受到景观变化的重要影响,而人类活动干扰则是适宜栖息地丧失的重要因素。  相似文献   

5.
普洱市亚洲象栖息地适宜度评价   总被引:10,自引:5,他引:5  
刘鹏  代娟  曹大藩  李志宏  张立 《生态学报》2016,36(13):4163-4170
亚洲象(Elephas maximus)属于我国Ⅰ级保护动物,在中国仅分布于云南省西双版纳国家级自然保护区、普洱市的思茅区、澜沧县和江城县,以及临沧南滚河国家级自然保护区。将普洱全境作为研究区域,利用野外调查数据,结合遥感与地理信息系统技术,运用生态位因子分析(ENFA)模型对普洱市亚洲象的栖息地适宜度进行了评价,并预测了适宜栖息地的分布。发现:普洱市亚洲象栖息地的边际值为0.991,表明亚洲象在普洱市境内对环境变量的选择不是随机的;耐受值为0.315,表明亚洲象在普洱市境内生态位较窄,受环境条件的制约。根据模型计算得到的栖息地适宜度指数,将普洱市的亚洲象栖息地分为最适栖息地,较适栖息地,边际栖息地和非栖息地4个等级,面积分别为409.32、574.32、2909.48、38722.32 km2。最适栖息地仅占全市面积的0.96%,而非栖息地占90.86%。利用GIS和Biomapper 4.0生成亚洲象栖息地分布图,发现普洱境内最适栖息地和较适栖息地面积狭小。对最适栖息地、较适栖息地和边际栖息地进行景观格局分析的结果表明,3种类型的栖息地破碎化均十分严重,连通度较低,栖息地内受到较大程度的人类活动的干扰。因此建议在普洱和西双版纳间尽快建立野生动物生态廊道,以加强亚洲象各种群间的交流。  相似文献   

6.
大相岭北坡大熊猫生境适宜性评价   总被引:22,自引:2,他引:20  
2005年3-11月采用样线法和样方法对大相岭北坡大熊猫栖息地进行了调查,通过利用样方法发现的大熊猫痕迹频次对栖息地的适宜性进行景观连接度(适宜性)赋值,对大相岭北坡大熊猫栖息地的质量进行了分析评价。研究区面积约为2266.79km^2,其中竹林分布面积约为842.3km^2。仅有约56.8km^2占6.8%的竹林面积是适宜大熊猫生存的地区,次适宜地区面积为96.3km^2,约占11.4%,较差适宜地区面积为177.4km^2,约占21.1%,3个等级加到一起共为330.5km^2,占竹林面积的39.3%,主要分布在2200-2800m的平缓山坡,有60%以上为不适宜地区。人为活动对大熊猫栖息地的影响主要是不仅减少了大熊猫的生境面积,也降低了大熊猫亚种群之间的景观连接度,对大熊猫种群之间的基因交流产生阻碍。作者通过实际调查提出了管理措施。  相似文献   

7.
基于MaxEnt模型的二郎山廊道大熊猫栖息地适宜性评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于地理分布点和环境变量数据,利用MaxEnt模型(Maximum Entropy Modeling)对二郎山廊道大熊猫Ailuropoda melanoleuca栖息地适宜度进行综合评价:坡度、坡向和干扰距离的综合贡献值分别为53.00%、21.90%和18.00%,累积贡献率达92.90%,是影响该区域大熊猫分布的主要生态因子。使用自然断点法将大熊猫栖息地分为不适宜、潜在、适宜和最适宜栖息地4种类型:不适宜栖息地面积为168.45 km~2,占研究区域面积的39.02%;潜在栖息地面积为212.71 km~2,占研究区域面积的49.28%;适宜栖息地和最适宜栖息地面积分别为49.79 km~2和0.68 km~2,两者仅占研究区域面积的11.70%。建议在该廊道开展大熊猫栖息地人工修复项目,以增加该地大熊猫的适宜栖息地面积;同时尽可能减少人类活动对大熊猫栖息地的干扰,以便廊道在促进各种群之间的基因交流中更好地发挥作用。  相似文献   

8.
基于MaxEnt模型的渤海湾沿岸鸻鹬类栖息地适宜性评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
渤海湾沿岸是鸻鹬类迁徙路线的重要栖息地。由于自然和人为原因,栖息地面积减少,质量恶化。因此,开展渤海湾沿岸鸻鹬类栖息地适宜性评价,对湿地生物多样性保护有重要意义。基于鸻鹬类点位信息和环境因子数据,利用MaxEnt模型对渤海湾沿岸2000年和2015年鸻鹬类栖息地适宜性进行评价。结果表明:土地利用/覆被、NDVI、年均气温、坡向是影响鸻鹬类分布的主要因子;鸻鹬类适宜栖息地主要分布在河北唐山南部和天津滨海地区。研究时段内渤海湾沿岸适宜栖息地面积总体有所下降,河北适宜栖息地面积下降,天津和山东增加;栖息地适宜性增加地区主要集中于天津南部、山东东南部,下降地区主要分布在河北丰南、黄骅及天津宁河县。该研究可识别渤海湾沿岸鸻鹬类适宜栖息地的分布范围及变化趋势,对该区域鸻鹬类保护及栖息地管理具有重要参考意义。  相似文献   

9.
朱Huan冬季觅食地的选择   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
在无线电遥测的基础上,采用样方法对朱Huan冬季觅食地进行了调查。朱Huan冬季觅食地有冬水田、河流浅滩和水库3种类型。成鸟与幼鸟的主要觅食地类型及分布有明显的差别。位于海拔600-1000m的低山区冬水田是朱Huan成鸟 冬季最重要的觅食地,幼鸟我在汉江流域的河流及浅滩中觅食。对冬水田的主要栖息地特征的方差分析和因子分析的结果表明,影响朱Huan食地选择的主要因子为觅食地的海拔高度,开阔度、面积及人类活动的干扰程度等。冬水田的恢复及保护对朱Huan的保护有着重要的意义。  相似文献   

10.
袁智文  徐爱春  俞平新  郭瑞  李春林 《生态学报》2020,40(18):6672-6677
理解环境因子对物种空间分布的影响,评价栖息地适宜性现状并预测潜在分布区,对野生动物的管理和保护具有重要意义。华南梅花鹿(Cervus pseudaxis)属国家I级重点保护野生动物,现仅分布于安徽、浙江、江西等狭小片区内。浙江清凉峰自然保护区千顷塘区域是华南梅花鹿的重要分布区,但其面积较小,严重限制了华南梅花鹿的种群发展,亟需对千顷塘及周边区域的栖息地质量进行评价,为华南梅花鹿的保护和野外放归提供科学依据。本研究利用红外相机监测千顷塘区域华南梅花鹿的分布,结合遥感等技术手段获得地形、植被、水源以及人为干扰等8种环境因子,利用MaxEnt构建华南梅花鹿栖息地适宜性模型,对以千顷塘为中心50 km×50 km的范围进行栖息地适宜性评价。研究结果表明,华南梅花鹿倾向于选择海拔1050-1240 m范围内,距道路100-900 m和距人口聚居区3200-3800 m的相对平缓地带。千顷塘区域华南梅花鹿栖息地保护较好,适宜栖息地面积为2224 hm2,占该区域39.1%。千顷塘周边适宜性较高的区域主要为位于其西南部约10 km的山区,该区域为华南梅花鹿提供了3253 hm2的潜在适宜栖息地。建议降低保护区千顷塘区域内的人为干扰,并在其西南部山区尝试开展圈养种群的野外放归工作,以促进其种群发展。  相似文献   

11.
We evaluated habitat quality for crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) using a geographic information system (GIS). First, we digitized the topography map, vegetation map, river map, road map and villages/towns map by ArcInfo, and gave each map layer a suitability index based on our perceptions of the needs of crested ibis. Second, we overlayed these maps to obtain an integrated map of habitat quality. Finally, we compared the calculated habitat quality with the actual distribution of crested ibis. We found that the birds were almost always located at the site of high quality (habitat suitability index [HSI]>0.6), which indicated that the factors we selected were important for crested ibis. We also found that crested ibis were never located at some sites of high quality, thus, we assume that other factors not considered in this study limit the distribution of crested ibis. Regression analysis indicated that crested ibis preferred lower elevation habitats and tolerated higher levels of human disturbance in recent years than previously reported. These results reflected a 20-year protection program for this species.  相似文献   

12.
朱鹮的潜在繁殖地   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
利用ErdasImagine8.4和ArcViewGIS对陕西省部分地区的卫片进行解译,分析其中的栖息地组成。结果表明,现有野生朱种群的最大繁殖地—花园繁殖区的栖息地组成为:马尾松林占73.1%,次生疏林占16.9%,农田占4.8%,稀疏灌木林占4.2%,油松栎类混交林占1.0%。使用彩色数字环标记重见法研究了朱繁殖期活动区的栖息地组成。根据花园繁殖地和朱鹮活动区内的栖息地组成,给各种栖息地赋予相应的适宜度值,以此作为朱鹮潜在繁殖地的评估标准。对卫片区域的评估结果表明,研究区内潜在的很适宜的繁殖地主要分布于洋县华阳镇周边、洋县花园乡周围地区、酉水河两岸山区、南郑县东南部和汉中西北部等地区,占总面积的5.2%;适宜的繁殖地占19.4%,不适宜繁殖的区域占75.4%。根据这个评估结果,野生朱鹮1995-2004年的97个巢中(花园繁殖地以外),87个(占89.7%)落入适宜的繁殖地中;野外核查的结果也表明,该评估方法的准确度达到88.4%。评估的误差主要源于遥感很难准确判别林木的生长状况(树高、胸径、密度等)和混交林中某些适于营巢的树种的存在,并忽略了小面积地块。因此,适当的野外核查可以提高该评估方法的准确度  相似文献   

13.
中国珍稀濒危物种——朱鹮   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈炜 《四川动物》2006,25(3):526-529
朱曾广泛分布于中国、日本、朝鲜半岛和俄罗斯的远东地区。其它国家的朱先后灭绝,目前只栖息于我国,为我国所特有,是我国四大国宝之一,当今世界极濒危级鸟类。1981年朱在陕西洋县重新被发现时其种群数量只有7只,经20余年的保护,目前我国朱的总数已达到700余只,人工繁殖也取得巨大成功。笔者想通过本文唤起人们对生活在西部边远地区的我国珍稀鸟类———朱的关注与保护。  相似文献   

14.
The crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) had declined severely from a common species to only two pairs in last century. To analyze the declining process, we established a GIS database with historical occurrences of the crested ibis based on published literatures, and layers of environmental factors such as elevation, wetland, and human activities. We compared the environmental factors at the occurrence sites in different periods to quantify the changes of habitat use across time. To address the spatial deviation of the occurrences and check the effect of measuring scale on habitat use, we calculated the environmental factors in a serial measuring scales from 1 to 161 × 161 km2. Our results indicated that the crested ibis traditionally lives in habitat with higher wetland density and higher human impact, then it gradually moved to areas with higher elevation and lower human impact in last century. In 1980–2000 the crested ibis stayed at a very high elevation, lower wetland density and lower human impact as possible consequences of human activities such as using fertilizer and pesticide, drying the over wintering rice paddies, and direct hunting. Our quantitative analysis of the habitat use matched well the previous published statements (which have no numerical evidences) on the declination of the crested ibis. We suggest to reestablish the habitat with traditional farming practice that the bird has adapted as a major solution for applications such as conservation planning and reintroduction.  相似文献   

15.
In order to better design conservation programs to conserve threatened species, social, economic and political factors must be carefully considered. The wild population of the endangered Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) is currently only distributed in Yangxian County, Shaanxi province of China, and as the gradual dispersal of its population from the mountains to the plains, the possibility of human-wildlife interaction has increased, which poses certain challenges for conservation and management. Here, we used a questionnaire to investigate public attitudes and willingness to pay (WTP) toward Crested Ibis conservation, and to evaluate relevant influencing factors, with a view to providing recommendations for its management. The results showed that local residents strongly support the conservation of ibis and factors like education level, income, residential area, perception for ibis and prior experiences significantly affected their support for conservation. Results also indicated that the annual WTP was US$18.28 per household, and the potential value of donations is about US$2.45 million per year for Crested Ibis conservation. Regression analysis indicated that income, perception for ibis, prior experience, support for conservation and environmental attitudes had a significant effect on WTP. The comparison between the original research value of the ibis and the predicted value from the Meta-regression analysis function indicated that the benefit transfer values are able to inform policy decisions. Our results can be applied not only to the design of tailored outreach programs and management policies for the Crested Ibis, but also to facilitate conservation and management of other endangered species by encouraging decision makers to use benefit transfer models for the rapid valuation in the absence of species economic information.  相似文献   

16.
道路对野生动物适宜繁殖地影响的定量研究是目前道路生态学领域有待深入的内容之一.本文以国家一级保护动物朱鹮为研究对象,利用物种分布模型(SDM)中MaxEnt模型,通过对影响朱鹮繁殖地的环境变量进行自相关分析,剔除自相关系数大于0.8的环境变量,最终选择了10个环境变量为朱鹮繁殖地的影响因子,分别为最冷季度平均气温、景观类型、归一化植被指数、坡度、坡向、距水体距离、距水田距离、距高等级公路(县级及以上道路)距离、距低等级公路(乡镇和林间道路)距离、距居住地距离.通过对环境变量的贡献率进行分析表明: 最冷季度平均气温、景观类型以及距水田距离、距高等级公路距离是影响朱鹮筑巢的主要因子.分别研究了含道路变量(情景Ⅰ)、不含高等级公路(情景Ⅱ)以及不含低等级公路(情景Ⅲ)3种情景下朱鹮繁殖地适宜区分布.结果表明:道路对朱鹮繁殖地干扰影响显著,高等级公路的影响比低等级公路大,高等级公路和低等级公路的存在分别使朱鹮繁殖地适宜区的面积减小了66.23和35.69 km2.朱鹮筑巢对高等级公路有明显的回避效应,平均回避距离为1500 m.本研究对未来制定朱鹮的保护管理措施具有重要意义,同时可为工程建设项目对野生动物的环境影响定量评价提供应用示范.  相似文献   

17.
陕西宁陕野化放飞朱鹮秋季觅食地选择与食物丰富度   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
于2008年秋季应用样方法对陕西宁陕县寨沟野化放飞朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)的觅食地和食物丰富度进行了调查。结果表明,朱鹮秋季的主要觅食地是冬水田,影响朱鹮觅食地选择的主要因素是人为干扰、觅食地开阔度和土壤松软程度;宁陕野化放飞区朱鹮觅食地中共发现记录动物36种,冬水田翻耕对朱鹮的食物丰富度和生物量无显著影响。总体上,在秋季游荡期朱鹮的食物并不丰富。  相似文献   

18.
There is only one population of the crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) surviving in the wild, which has not exceeded 40 individuals since it was rediscovered in 1981. We used detailed data of the annual population size and natality collected by the Crested Ibis Conservation and Observation Station (CICOS) over the past 17years. We were able to obtain a more accurate census of age structure and mortality as all of the fledglings have been identified by leg bands in 1987. Consequently, we analyzed the current state of the crested ibis and predicted its future using Population Viability Analysis (PVA) with the help of the computer simulation model VORTEX (Version 7.2). The results indicated that the extinction probability of the crested ibis was 19.7% in 100years. Sensitivity analysis showed that the extinction probabilities were sensitive to catastrophes and environmental variation, and the long-term existence of the population was dependent on the carrying capacity of the habitat and inbreeding depression. Conservation efforts are critical for the survival of the crested ibis. The prior conservation project involves controlling hunting and predation, as well as improving the life level of these few remnant creatures.  相似文献   

19.
Dramatic population increases of the native white ibis in urban areas have resulted in their classification as a nuisance species. In response to community and industry complaints, land managers have attempted to deter the growing population by destroying ibis nests and eggs over the last twenty years. However, our understanding of ibis ecology is poor and a question of particular importance for management is whether ibis show sufficient site fidelity to justify site-level management of nuisance populations. Ibis in non-urban areas have been observed to be highly transient and capable of moving hundreds of kilometres. In urban areas the population has been observed to vary seasonally, but at some sites ibis are always observed and are thought to be behaving as residents. To measure the level of site fidelity, we colour banded 93 adult ibis at an urban park and conducted 3-day surveys each fortnight over one year, then each quarter over four years. From the quarterly data, the first year resighting rate was 89% for females (n = 59) and 76% for males (n = 34); this decreased to 41% of females and 21% of males in the fourth year. Ibis are known to be highly mobile, and 70% of females and 77% of males were observed at additional sites within the surrounding region (up to 50 km distant). Our results indicate that a large proportion of ibis have chosen residency over transience both within the study site and across the broader urban region. Consequently the establishment of refuge breeding habitat should be a priority localised management may be effective at particular sites, but it is likely to have an impact across the broader population.  相似文献   

20.
The Crested Ibis Nipponia nippon was once thought to be extinct in the wild until seven birds were discovered in a remote mountain village in China in 1981. Studies suggested that winter-flooded rice fields play an essential role in nest site selection by the Crested Ibis and hence in their survival. Considerable efforts were therefore made to conserve the winter-flooded rice fields, but these have caused conflicts between the agricultural and conservation communities. The population and geographical range of the wild Crested Ibis has expanded greatly since 1981, but there is no spatial information on the winter-flooded rice fields, nor on the current association of nest sites and winter-flooded rice fields. We mapped winter-flooded rice fields across the entire current range of Crested Ibis using innovative remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) techniques. The spatial relationships between the nest site clusters and winter-flooded rice fields were quantified using Ward''s hierarchical clustering method and Ripley''s K-function. We show that both have significantly clumped distribution patterns and that they are positively associated. However, the dependence of Crested Ibis on the winter-flooded rice fields varied significantly among the nest site clusters and has decreased over the years, indicating the absence of winter-flooded rice fields is not constraining their recovery and population expansion. We therefore recommend that efforts should be made to protect the existing winter-flooded rice fields and to restore the functionality of natural and semi-natural wetlands, to encourage both in-situ conservation and the re-introduction of the Crested Ibis. In addition, we recommend that caution should be exercised when interpreting the habitat requirements of species with a narrow distribution, particularly when that interpretation is based only on their current habitat.  相似文献   

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