妥布霉素产生菌激光育种的研究

本文首次报道铜蒸气激光选育妥布霉素产生菌—黑暗链霉菌（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓｔｅｎｅｂｒａｒｉｕｓ）的研究结果。在相同实验条件下,铜蒸气激光辐照黑暗链霉菌比其随后又以氯化锂复合处理的选育效果好。在铜蒸气激光辐照后,曾获得实验高产株,发酵单位比对照未辐照组提高７２％。     

5-氟尿嘧啶与氯化锂对高产量快中子诱变株龟裂链霉菌1626的诱变作用

在快中子及其与氯化锂复合处理龟裂链霉菌(Streptomyces rimosus)的工作中,选得高产量快中子诱变株S.rimosus 1626。为了进一步提高快中子诱变株的抗菌素产量,比较了5-氟尿嘧啶与氯化锂对高产量快中子诱变株S.rimosus 1626的诱变作用。     

适合龟裂链霉菌~(13)C代谢通量分析合成培养基的优化及应用

为开发一种适合龟裂链霉菌13C代谢通量分析的合成培养基,以龟裂链霉菌模式菌株M4018为研究对象,比较其在各种有机氮源和无机氮源的生长和土霉素合成特性。首次筛选到以硝酸钾为主要氮源的合成培养基,通过响应面分析法进一步优化,将土霉素合成能力由75.2 mg/L提高到145.6 mg/L。并应用到100%的1-13C葡萄糖标记实验,首次从同位素标记代谢流分析上证实了龟裂链霉菌中不存在2-酮-3-脱氧-6-磷酸葡糖酸裂解途径(Entner-Doudoroff pathway,ED),为龟裂链霉菌13C代谢通量分析提供了重要基础。     

激光辐照的林肯链霉菌（S.lincolnensis）研究

本文首次报导铜蒸气激光辐照林肯链霉菌（Ｓ．ｌｉｎｃｏｌｎｅｎｓｉｓ）的研究结果,曾获得高产株,最高发酵单位比对照未辐照者提高１５．８％。     

瑞拉菌素产生菌RL-2的诱变育种

本研究以委内瑞拉链霉菌秦岭变种RL-2(Streptomyces venezuelaevar. qinlingensis RL-2)为出发菌株, 分别采用紫外线、氯化锂及紫外线加氯化锂的复合诱变方式对其孢子悬液进行诱变处理。在复合诱变的紫外线照射时间为45 s和氯化锂浓度为0.4%的情况下, 获得一株瑞拉菌素的高产突变菌株UVL-108且连续传接6代其遗传特性较稳定。采用双向培养及生长速率法对其进行初筛和复筛, 结果表明: UVL-108的拮抗性能较出发菌株提高了77%, 其发酵液对稻瘟病菌的抑菌毒力是出     

~(32)P诱变龟裂链霉菌初报

有关~(32)P诱变抗生素产生菌的报道很少。我们曾于73年底探索过该诱变因子对龟裂链霉菌(Streptomyces rimosus)的诱变作用,实验结果如下。将龟裂链霉菌8-1768菌株的孢子悬液在含有NaH_2~(32)PO_4(比放射性为0.244毫居里/毫     

天兰淡红链霉菌（S.coeruleorubidus）激光高产株的选育

本文首次报导铜蒸气激光选育天兰淡红链霉菌（S．coeruleorubidus）的研究结果，曾得到生产罐中抗生素发酵单位比其对照株提高14．7％的高产株，最高发酵单位曾达国内最好水平，已在国内应用。     

天兰淡红链霉菌原生质体再生株激光辐照的研究

本文首次报导天兰淡红链霉菌原生质体再生株铜蒸气激光辐照的研究结果,从中得到生产罐中柔红霉素发酵单位比其出发株提高１２．９％的高产株Ｃ－８２,其最高发酵单位达国内最好水平,已在国内应用。     

龟裂链霉菌RsigB基因提高大肠杆菌对环境胁迫的耐受性

龟裂链霉菌RsigB是与天蓝色链霉菌与枯草芽孢杆菌中的sigmaB基因同源的一个σ因子,其也可能为一种全局压力调控蛋白,在菌体遇到生长环境改变时起着重要的调控作用。本文以龟裂链霉菌基因组为模版,PCR扩增出RsigB基因,以pET28a为载体,构建重组质粒pET28aRsigB,并且转化至Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)中。将对照菌与重组子置于不同环境胁迫条件下培养,并用IPTG诱导蛋白表达,测其生长曲线,研究RsigB对于大肠杆菌对环境胁迫的耐受性的作用。结果表明,RsigB在大肠杆菌中的表达能够提高其对温度,高渗透压以及氧化还原压力的耐受性。RsigB的成功表达以及对于逆境的耐受性能为龟裂链霉菌中RsigB因子的功能以及机理研究提供实验基础。     

庆丰链霉菌的连锁分析

用四点杂交方法对庆丰链霉菌的六个基因位点进行连锁分析,初步确定了它们在环形连锁图上的排列顺序,并同天蓝色琏霉菌A3(2)、龟裂链霉菌连锁图上的相应位点作了比较,它们之间是十分相似的。     

Design and physical features of inductive coaxial copper vapor lasers

A physical model of a copper vapor laser pumped by a pulse-periodic inductive (electrodeless) discharge is considered. The feasibility of efficient laser pumping by an inductive discharge and reaching high output parameters comparable to those of conventional copper vapor lasers pumped by a longitudinal electrode discharge is demonstrated. The design and physical features of an inductive copper vapor laser with an annular working volume are discussed.     

Effect of copper vapor laser on the microrelief and ultrastructure of gastric mucosal glandulocytes

It was investigated the influence of low intensive irradiation by the copper++ vapor laser (lambda-510.6 nm) on the glandulocytes of gastric mucosa of 28 white rats. The doses of endogastric irradiation were 6.78, 20.34 and 33.90 J/cm2. It has been shown that after irradiation of gastric mucosa with the copper++ vapor laser the microrelief and ultrastructure of glandulocytes changes testified to stimulation of specific secret function. This changes took place under irradiation doses from 6.78 to 20.34 J/cm2. The doses exceeded 20.34 J/cm2 caused the alterations of the epitheliocytes. Thus it is necessary to take into account that during laser therapy of the ulcers with copper++ vapor laser, doses of 20.34 J/cm2 caused the alterative effect on the epitheliocytes.     

An efficient mutational method for photosynthetic bacteria

The pigment and auxotrophic mutants of Rhodobacter sphaeroides Y6 were obtained by treatment with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) followed by lithium chloride (LiCI). Treatment with 0.081 M EPS and subsequent treatment with 0.071 M LiCI resulted in 12% higher frequency of pigment mutations than application of 0.081 M EMS alone; the frequency of auxotrophic mutations increased 2.5-fold when treatment with lithium chloride was applied. A blue shift 10 nm was recorded in the absorption spectrum of carotenoids form YM5-3 green mutant; considerable accumulation of neurosporine was revealed by HPLC and mass spectrometry. The method is efficient for isolating mutants of photosynthetic bacteria.     

Combinational therapy of lithium and human neural stem cells in rat spinal cord contusion model

A large number of treatment approaches have been used for spinal cord injury improvement, a medically incurable disorder, and subsequently stem cell transplantation appears to be a promising strategy. The main objective of this study is to ascertain whether combinational therapy of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) together with lithium chloride improves cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation in a rat spinal contusion model, or not. Contusive spinal cord injury was implemented on Wistar male rats. Experimental groups comprised of: control, hNSCs transplanted, lithium chloride (Li), and hNSCs and lithium chloride (hNSCs + Li). In every experimental group, locomotor activity score and motor evoked potential (MEP) were performed to evaluate motor recovery as well as histological assessments to determine mechanisms of improvement. In accordance with our results, the hNSCs + Li and the Li groups showed significant improvement in locomotor scores and MEP. Also, Histological assessments revealed that transplanted hNSCs are capable of differentiation and migration along the spinal cord. Although NESTIN-positive cells were proliferated significantly in the Lithium group in comparison with control and the hNSCs + Li groups, the quantity of ED1 cells in the hNSCs + Li was significantly larger than the other two groups. Our results demonstrate that combinational therapy of hNSCs with lithium chloride and lithium chloride individually are adequate for ameliorating more than partial functional recovery and endogenous repair in spinal cord-injured rats.     

An efficient mutational method for photosynthetic bacteria

The pigment and auxotrophic mutants of Rhodobacter sphaeroides Y6 were obtained by treatment with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) followed by lithium chloride (LiCl). Treatment with 0.081 MEMS and subsequent treatment with 0.071 M LiCl resulted in 12% higher frequency og than that by 0.081 mol/L EMS alone, and the same frequency of pigment mutations than application of 0.081 M EMS alone; the frequency of auxotrophic mutations increased 2.5-fold when treatment with lithium chloride was applied. A blue shift by 10 nm was recorded in the absorption spectrum of carotenoids form YM5-3 green mutant; considerable accumulation of neurosporine was revealed by HPLC and mass spectrometry. The method is efficient for isolating the mutants of photosynthetic bacteria. Published in Russian in Mikrobiologiya, 2006, Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 758–764. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Free energy changes in denaturation of ribonuclease A by mixed denaturants. Effects of combinations of guanidine hydrochloride and one of the denaturants lithium bromide, lithium chloride, and sodium bromide

The denaturation of ribonuclease A by guanidine hydrochloride, lithium bromide, and lithium chloride and by mixed denaturants consisting of guanidine hydrochloride and one of the denaturants lithium chloride, lithium bromide, and sodium bromide was followed by difference spectral measurements at pH 4.8 and 25 degrees C. Both components of mixed denaturant systems enhance each other's effect in unfolding the protein. The effect of lithium bromide on the midpoint of guanidine hydrochloride denaturation transition is approximately the sum of the effects of the constituent ions. For all the mixed denaturants tested, the dependence of the free energy change on denaturation is linear. The conformational free energy associated with the guanidine hydrochloride denaturation transition in water is 7.5 +/- 0.1 kcal mol-1, and it is unchanged in the presence of low concentrations of lithium bromide, lithium chloride, and sodium bromide which by themselves are not concentrated enough to unfold the protein. The conformational free energy associated with the lithium bromide denaturation transition in water is 11.7 +/- 0.3 kcal mol-1, and it is not affected by the presence of low concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride which by themselves do not disrupt the structure of native ribonuclease A.     

Facile Patterning of Laser‐Induced Graphene with Tailored Li Nucleation Kinetics for Stable Lithium‐Metal Batteries

A facile and scalable approach is reported to stabilize the lithium‐metal anode by regulating the Li nucleation and deposition kinetics with laser‐induced graphene (LIG). By processing polyimide (PI) films on copper foils with a laser, a 3D‐hierarchical composite material is constructed, consisting of a highly conductive copper substrate, a pillared array of flexible PI, and most importantly, porous LIG on the walls of the PI pillars. The high number of defects and heteroatoms present in LIG significantly lowers the Li nucleation barrier compared to the copper foil. An overpotential‐free Li nucleation process is identified at current densities lower than 0.2 mA cm^?2. Theoretical computations reveal that the defects serve as nucleation centers during the heterogeneous nucleation of lithium. By adopting such composites, ultrastable lithium‐metal anodes are obtained with high Coulombic efficiencies of ≈99%. Full lithium‐metal cells based on LiFePO₄ cathodes with a material loading of ≈15 mg cm^?2 and a negative/positive ratio of 5/1 could be cycled over 250 times with a capacity loss of less than 10%. The current work highlights the importance of nucleation kinetics on the stability of metallic anodes and demonstrates a practical method toward long lasting Li‐metal batteries.     

Blocking of acquisition of a taste aversion by a context experienced prior to the taste

This experiment tested the proposal that events taking place before a rat has access to a taste can proactively interfere with acquisition of an aversion to the taste when this has been followed by lithium chloride injection. Rats were initially given context discrimination whereby placement in one distinctive context (target) was followed by lithium injection, while placement in a second context (safe) was followed by saline injection. In the subsequent 1-trial taste conditioning session, rats were first placed in either their target context (Blocking group), their safe context (Control-Safe group) or a neutral context (Control-Neutral group), then given access to sucrose and 30 min later were injected with lithium. Subsequent tests of sucrose intakes revealed a blocking effect. These results indicate that proactive interference with taste aversion learning by a context can occur that is unlikely to be based on generalization decrement.