中国及周边国家的伏绕眼果蝇属叶芒绕眼果蝇复合种组研究(双翅目,果蝇科)

叶芒伏绕眼果蝇复合种组是Tsacas and Okada,1983建立的,已报告有6种,均出自于东洋区.记述了采自于中国及周边国家的伏绕眼果蝇属叶芒伏绕眼果蝇复合种组的10个种,并附有分种检索表.端尖叶芒伏绕眼果蝇Phortica foliacea(Tsacas et Okada,1983);叶芒伏绕眼果蝇Phortica foliiseta Duda,1923;侦测伏绕眼果蝇Phortica speculum(Máca et Lin,1993);异叶芒伏绕眼果蝇Phortica afoliolata Chen etToda,sp.nov.;短毛伏绕眼果蝇Phrtica brachychaeta Chen etToda,sP.nov.;拟叶芒伏绕眼果蝇Phortica foliisetoides Chenet Toda,sp.nov.;缺毛伏绕眼果蝇Phortica glabra Chen etToda,sp.nov.;刺伏绕眼果蝇Phortica spinosa Chen et Gao,sp.nov.;对称伏绕眼果蝇Phortica symmetria Chen et Toda,sp nov.;田边氏伏绕眼果蝇Phortica tanabei Chen et Toda,sp nov.     

云南鸟类种的新记录——海南■

2006年10月28日凌晨3点,笔者在位于云南省新平县哀牢山的金山丫口鸟类环志站进行夜间鸟类环志工作时,用灯光诱捕到一只鹭科鸟类,经鉴定为海南(Gorsachius magnificus),为云南省鸟类物种新记录。形态特征:头和颊部黑褐色;枕部具黑褐色的延长羽冠;有明显的白色眼后条纹,颊纹白色;眼球外凸,黄绿色的眼睑向外伸出;眼先裸露皮肤呈黄绿色;喉白,中央有褐色条纹;颈侧棕色,前端有黑色条纹,前颈具褐白斑驳的条纹,后颈黑褐色;背部、翅和尾羽褐色;第一枚初级飞羽外栗红色;胸、腹部、尾下覆羽及翅下覆羽白色,杂有褐色斑纹;上嘴黑色,下嘴嘴基黄色,嘴…     

江西省翼手目一新纪录——无尾蹄蝠

2012年2月在江西井冈山自然保护区采集到3只体型较小的蝙蝠,主要特征为:前臂长37.80～39.35mm,颅全长18.16～18.41mm;耳壳半透明呈圆形漏斗状;无尾椎骨,股间膜内凹呈"∧"形;背毛基部黑褐色,毛尖赤褐色,翼膜浅褐色。根据其特征鉴定为无尾蹄蝠Coelopsfrithi,江西省首次采集、记录到该种蝙蝠,属该省翼手目新纪录,并首次描述了该种阴茎骨形态。     

我国部分水果产区铃木氏果蝇与其他果蝇形态特征比较研究

【背景】水果害虫铃木氏果蝇近年来传入许多国家,成为重要的入侵害虫,在我国的危害也呈现上升趋势。在水果生产中,铃木氏果蝇常与其他果蝇混合发生。【方法】在对我国水果产区果蝇进行系统调查的基础上,对分别采自山东威海、云南昆明、山东淄博、山东临沂地区的铃木氏果蝇、黑腹果蝇、海德氏果蝇、伊米果蝇的形态特征进行了比较,并利用线粒体COⅠ基因对所鉴别的果蝇物种进行了进一步验证。【结果】通过观察比较种间雄虫前翅和前足以及雌虫腹部和产卵器形态结构可以快速确定果蝇种类。【结论与意义】本研究认为,在宁德地区,互花米草在7月前侧重分蘖生长,7月后根茎开始快速生长,此结论为优化互花米草防治适期提供了参考。     

多腺巨伪蝎(伪蝎目:苦伪蝎科)的雌性新发现（英文）

首次报道了采自中国贵州宽阔水国家级自然保护区一洞穴的多腺巨伪蝎Megachernes glandulosus Mahnert,2009雌性,并对其形态特征进行了详细描述。标本保存于河北大学博物馆(MHBU)。多腺巨伪蝎Megachernes glandulosus Mahnert,2009(图1~3)鉴别特征:该种触肢非常粗短,触肢膝节中央明显具1突起,腿节和膝节着生大量浓密的长羽状刚毛;背甲刚毛正常;基节、第Ⅳ~Ⅸ每半个腹板和触肢螯固定指基部内侧面具大量腺体刚毛,第三步足和第四步足腿节和膝节腹面着生有大量腺体微刚毛。     

我国跳蛛一新纪录

作者分别在安徽黄山和九华山采得一种跳蛛,经鉴定,为我国新纪录种。 弗氏巢跳蛛 Viciria vlijmi Proszynski,1977 形态:雌蛛体长9.30—11.1毫米;头胸部长4.3—4.6毫米,宽4.0—4.2毫米;腹部长5.0—6.5毫米,宽3.0—3.4毫米。眼区占头胸部1/2以下,有金属光泽。各眼周围黑色,在眼区中央有一较大的黑褐色圆斑,在后眼区内侧有一“八”字形黑斑。中窝明显,红褐色。螯肢黄褐色,前齿堤2齿,后齿堤具     

所麻蝇属国内一新纪录

1984年5月在云南新平县采到所麻蝇属国内一新纪录——六叉所麻蝇Sarcosolomonia nathani Lopes and Kano 1969,现将该种形态特征简述于后: ♂体长8毫米;额鬃排成10根一列;侧颜鬃一列5—7根,较短小;触角黑褐色,第三节约为第二节长度的1.8倍;颊毛大部分白色,仅前上方有几根黑毛;眼后鬃3列;下颚须黑色;额宽约为头宽的1/4;间额约为侧额宽的1.7倍;眼高约为颊高的4倍。 前胸侧板裸;前胸基腹片狭长,下半部有几根细毛;中鬃5+1;背中鬃2+4;前缘基鳞黄色;前缘脉刺不发     

我国麻绳科一新纪录种

1984年5月在云南新平县采到一种六叉所麻蝇Sarcosolomonia nathani Lopes＆Kano,1969,该种分布于印度和西孟加拉,在我国系首次发现,现将形态特征描述于下: :体长8.0毫米;额鬃到一行各10根;侧额鬃一列5—7根较短小;触角黑褐色,第三节约为第二节长的1.8倍;颊大部分毛白色,仅前上方具少数黑色毛;眼后鬃3列;下颚须黑色;额宽约为头宽的1/4;间额为侧额的1.7倍;眼高与颊高之比为4:1.     

中国海南寡鬃实蝇属一新种(双翅目,实蝇科,寡鬃实蝇亚科)(英文)

记述采自中国海南省双翅目Diptera实蝇科Tephritidae寡鬃实蝇属Dacus Fabricius1新种,二点棍腹实蝇Dacus(Callantra)bimaculatus sp.nov.,并提供其形态特征图。模式标本保存于海南出入境检验检疫局热带植物隔离检疫中心标本馆。二点棍腹实蝇,新种Dacus(Callantra)bimaculatus sp.nov.(图1～4)本种与产自印度尼西亚的爪哇棍腹实蝇D.(Callantra)conopsoidesde Meijere相似,其主要区别在于小盾片大部分红褐色;足的前股节仅有1根腹刺,中股节基部的1/3和后股节基部的1/4黄色;腹部第3背板中线两侧具2个黄色圆形斑点。正模♀,海南省海口,2006-10-26,蛋白饵诱捕,徐南芳采。词源:新种名出自该种腹部第3背板具2个斑点。     

一株寄生蛴螬的被毛孢新种

【目的】对寄生鞘翅目幼虫蛴螬的虫生真菌标本GZUIFR-lgs-1进行描述和鉴定。【方法】基于形态特征比较结合系统发育分析进行鉴定。【结果】该种通过形态特征产孢细胞单生,透明,多数与营养菌丝成近直角,基部具疣且明显膨大(19-27)μm×(2.7-3.6)μm,颈部长(12.0-14.5)μm,顶端呈螺旋状扭曲,偶有再育;分生孢子透明、光滑,橘瓣状,单生或偶有双生,外具黏液,大小为(4.8-6.0)μm×(2.4-3.6)μm,而与被毛孢属已知种相区别。基于ITS位点的系统发育分析支持形态学鉴定的结果。【结论】综合形态特征比较及系统发育分析结果,该种为被毛孢属的一个新的分类单元,命名为雷公山被毛孢,Hirsutella leigongshanensis。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。