四川鸟类的新纪录——太平鸟与小太平鸟

今年一月间,张福礼同学和傅天佑同志,先后在四川省雅安市附近采得五只鸟类,经鉴定为属于雀形目(Passeriformes)太平鸟科(Bombycillidae) 的太平鸟(Bombycillagarrulus(Linne)和小太平鸟(Bombycillajaponica Siebold)。 采集时发现这两种鸟类约50只,同时群集于冬青树梢啄食果实。     

世界最早的鸟化石

据印度新德里最近(1979年4月)报道,在印度南部安德拉邦(Andhra)发现了一件世界最古老的鸟类化石。这条消息是印度(南部)地质调查所的领导斯沃密纳思(J.Swaminath)提供的。他说,该标本发现于阿迪拉巴德(Adilabad)的科塔(Kota)岩层中,时代为早侏罗世,距今一亿八千万年。此前,我们所知的最早鸟类是发现于德意志联邦共和国巴伐利亚省索伦霍芬印板石灰岩中的始祖     

鸟条件反射的形成

表现在“人体解剖生理学”以及小组实验课堂上时常举例说明高级神经活动的基本现象与规律性使能更好地理解И.П.巴甫洛夫的条件反射与高级神经活动学说的本质。近几年来杂志曾刊载了有关这问题的论文,如有Е.С.卡特考夫(Кагхов)(1950年第一期),Х.С.柯斯塔杨茨(Коштоянц)等的(1952年第六期),Р·Д玛希(Маш)(1953年第六期)以及И.С.吉哈米洛娃娅(Тихомировая)(1954年第一期)的。这些论文的作者提出了许多有趣的与有效的演示     

三宝鸟核型的研究

三宝鸟(Eurystomus orientalis Linnaeus)属于佛法僧目(Coraciiformes)的佛法僧科(Coraciidae)。主要分布于日本南部、印度、中印半岛、澳洲以及我国的大部分地区。本文分析了分布于我国三宝鸟的染色体核型,试图从核型上了解该物种的特性,并初步探讨其演化程度和分类地位。     

媒鸟

苏南一带,每年秋冬民间常在长江边猎捕野鸟,惯用“媒鸟拉网”。近年来,我们曾重点在太仓县几个公社调查访问,特别对于媒鸟的应用进行了研究。 媒鸟在当地称“媒头”。媒鸟的应用有穿鼻、襻眼、缚颈、扎脚、插模五法。现分述如下。 1.穿鼻 方法:用媒鸟自身“大毛”(初级飞羽)羽干,穿过两侧鼻孔,两边露出长度相等,将羽向上对折,     

圆鸟虱属两新种：食毛目：长角鸟虱科

据文献记载,寄生在鹇属Lophura上的圆鸟虱属Goniodes共有5种:1.G.longus(Rudow)1869模式宿主L.ignita ignita, 2.G.cervinicornis Giebel 1874模式宿主L.nycthemera nycthemera,3.G.diardi Clay1940模式宿主L.diardi 4.G.longusemarginatus(Eichler)1947模式宿主L.rufa,Hopkins et Clay(1952)将该亚种提升为种,即G.emarginatus(Eichler)1947,Clay(1940)并把上述4种放在物种组J“Species group J”中。5.G.ocellatus(Rudow)1869〔=G.dentatus(Rudow)1870〕模式宿主L.nycthemera lineata,Clay(1940)将该种放在物种组Ⅰ中。     

4种雀形目鸟消化道形态特征

鸟类消化系统的形态结构与其食性密切相关。本文对红点颏(Luscinia calliope)、红喉姬(Ficedula parva)、栗(Emberiza rutila)和普通朱雀(Carpodacus erythrinus)4种雀形目鸟类的消化道形态特征进行了比较研究。实验结果显示,4种鸟的总消化道长度和各消化器官的长度(胃长度除外),消化道总重量和各消化器官的重量均存在明显的种间差异。植食性鸟(普通朱雀)具有相对较长的消化道,而食虫鸟(红点颏和红喉姬)则具有相对较高的消化道重量。实验证明,鸟类不同的食性特征塑造了不同的消化道适应对策。     

江西婺源小太平鸟初报

太平鸟科(Bombycillidae)为鸟纲(Aves)雀形目(Passeriformes)下的一个小科,仅有一属三种:太平鸟(Bombycillagarrulus)、雪松太平鸟(B.cedrorum)和小太平鸟(B.japonica)。其中,太平鸟见于全北界,雪松太平鸟见于美洲;而小太平鸟的分布范围则仅局限于东亚地区,包括俄罗斯的远东地带、中国、日本、朝鲜和韩国[1,2]。小太平鸟因其分布范围相对狭窄且数量有限,多年来一直被视为是近危物种(Near Threatened,NT)[2,3]。在野外识别上,小太平鸟与太平鸟的区别为体型略显小,翅上无白色翼斑,尾羽端部为红色而非黄色。有关小太平鸟在中国的分布状况,…     

鸩鸟考

我国古籍有关于有毒鸟类的记载,其中述及较多而奇特的莫过于鸩,称其肉与羽等有毒,可致人于死,但能疗蛇毒。然鸩为何鸟,现今可有,颇费思索,兹据资料,试作考释。 甲骨卜辞无鸩字。鸩的记述始见于春秋时期。其后,代有书载,今归列名称,形色,习性,毒性及分布五项,逐项解析。 一、名称 鸩多别名,雌雄各异。别名:(云鸟)曰《说文,淮南子,名医别录,广雅》。同力鸟     

西藏墨脱县发现长尾阔嘴鸟

正2015年10月21日,在西藏自治区墨脱县德兴乡(29°20′9.97″N,95°19′13.20″E,海拔780 m)观察到阔嘴鸟2只,该鸟体长约25 cm,顶冠及颈背黑色,头顶具蓝色小点斑,喙呈黄绿色,脸及喉部呈黄色,眼后有一黄色点斑,体呈绿色且两翼有蓝斑,尾呈楔形(图1),经鉴定为长尾阔嘴鸟(Psarisomus dalhousiae)。MacK innon等(2000)认为该鸟种分布于西藏东南部,而Bruce(2003)在《世界鸟类手册》中引用了前者的描述。然而,因缺乏实际观察记录,之后我国鸟类学者的著作中均未将长尾阔嘴鸟列为在西藏有分布的鸟类(郑光美2011)。虽     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Similar aerosol emission rates and viral loads in upper respiratory tracts for COVID-19 patients with Delta and Omicron variant infection

Highlights
1 Aerosol emission rates of Delta or Omicron patients were similar.
2 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of Alpha, Delta and Omicron patients were similar.
3 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of vaccinated or unvaccinated Delta patients had no difference.     

Recombinant human interferon-α1b inhibits SARS-CoV-2 better than interferon-α2b in vitro

Highlights
1) A comprehensive evaluation method for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs was established based on RT-qPCR, TCID₅₀ method, and immunofluorescence.
2) A significant antiviral effect of rHuIFN-α1b was shown with EC₅₀=0.12 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=0.52 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells, which was better than rHuIFN-α2b (EC₅₀=0.25 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=2.48 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells).
3) rHuIFN-α1b has a good potential in the application of anti-COVID-19 therapy.     

Continued antigenic variation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in laying hens in China, 2020–2021

Highlights
1. 13 strains of H7N9 viruses from laying hens in 2020 and 2021 were identified.
2. H7N9 viruses in China comprised at least 11 genotypes.
3. H7N9 viruses are high pathogenic in chickens, not in ducks.
4. The most H7N9 viruses cross-reacted poorly with H7-Re3 antiserum.
5. The H7-Re3 vaccine was unable to prevent H7N9 infection.