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1.
利用花药培养获得单倍体,从而加速育种进程,是一项新兴的生物技术,目前在玉米育种中广泛应用。本文综合近几年来国内外玉米的花药培养、单倍体育种以及基因工程等方面的研究进展,重点对影响玉米花药培养效率的诸多因素进行了详细论述,并讨论了利用单倍体植株进行基因转导的潜力。  相似文献   

2.
玉米是我国主要的粮食作物之一。利用自交系杂交以获得强大的杂种优势,是玉米育种工作中获得增产最有效的方法。但要获得自交系,按常规育种必须连续进行4—6年的自交,而且不能保证其纯合性。如能利用花药培养这一新技术来诱导玉米单倍体,便可作为纯合二倍体的材料,并可大大缩短培育自交系年限,迅速淘汰有害的隐性基因。1975年我国科学工作者首次获得玉米花粉植株,在玉米单倍体育种的征途上迈出了可喜的一步。我们从1973年起开展这一工作。1975年,我们两个单位协作,使工作有了初步进展。几  相似文献   

3.
利用花药培养产生单倍休植株的方法,是 培育玉米自交系的一条新途径,它一开始就引 起了国内外玉米育种工作者的普遍注意。我国 自1975年首次成功地诱导出玉米花粉植株以 来[1],已先后有不少单位获得玉米自交系果穗, 并已开始做配合力的测定和产量比较试验[2,3].  相似文献   

4.
番茄花药培养研究进展及展望   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
在番茄育种中,利用花药培养产生单倍体植株,可以比常规育种方案较短时期固定和分析杂种优势的新遗传组合,建立纯合番茄品系,本文综述了国内外番茄花药培养研究概况及进展,并提供了展望。  相似文献   

5.
玉米隐性突变o2基因能通过减少醇溶蛋白的合成来显著提高赖氨酸含量,为培育高赖氨酸含量的优质蛋白玉米(quality protein maize,QPM)提供了良好的基因资源。对玉米o2基因的发现、研究现状及其修饰基因的研究进展,以及当前育种家利用这两种基因相互作用培育优质蛋白玉米的研究进展进行了综述,以期为高赖氨酸玉米育种提供参考。  相似文献   

6.
《遗传》2008,30(2):224
本书系统地介绍了水稻转基因技术、花药培养、分子标记辅助育种和基因组辅助育种的基本原理和方法,阐述了水稻产量性状、抗病虫性、抗逆性状、营养品质和特异种质的遗传研究及分子育种的最新进展、水稻基因设计育种数据库建设和水稻基因设计育种的展望,反映了在水稻分子育种方面获得的成果。全书共分12章,各章节前后呼应,  相似文献   

7.
许多农艺精典作物基因型难以离体再生,这样限制了利用如离体筛选或基因转移等组织培养技术进行育种来改良这些作物的能力。然而,一些现有研究表明植物的离体再生能力是受遗传调控的,可以通过操作使其表达该种特性。对一种春大麦(Hordeum spontaneum)品系间杂交产生的 F1和 F2代植株进行遗传分析,发现一种高花药培养反应性和两种较低反应性品系,慕尼黑科技大学的科学家 M.R.Islam 及其同事报道,这种花药培养反应性特性是可遗传的并以显性基因的方式起作用。研究还表明从花药培养物再生绿色植株的遗  相似文献   

8.
林木花药培养研究进展及展望   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
多数林木在遗传上高度杂合,给育种和遗传研究带来很多不便。与农作物相比,林木花药培养的意义更为重大。对国内外林木花药培养的现状及影响花药培养的主要因素进行了概述,讨论了其在21世纪分子生物技术时代的应用前景,旨在促进林木花药培养技术的完善并开拓其应用领域。  相似文献   

9.
多数林木在遗传上高度杂合,给育种和遗传研究带来很多不便。与农作物相比,林木花药培养的意义更为重大。对国内外林木花药培养的现状及影响花药培养的主要因素进行了概述,讨论了其在21世纪分子生物技术时代的应用前景,旨在促进林木花药培养技术的完善并开拓其应用领域。  相似文献   

10.
玉米是我国重要的粮食作物和饲料作物。目前转基因技术作为生物育种技术的代表,已成为国际上育种的前沿和核心技术。世界各国利用转基因技术相继研发了具有多种优良性状的转基因玉米,创造了巨大的经济效益;同时统一、有效的监管措施是转基因玉米研发、推广和商业化的重要基础。食用安全性评价是有效监管的前提。针对转基因玉米的商业化和控制玉米重要性状基因的研究进展进行了综述,并对转基因玉米的食用安全性评价进行归纳分析,以期为我国转基因玉米的研发、管理和推广提供理论参考。  相似文献   

11.
Summary We present a strategy for establishing a transgenic doubled haploid maize line from heterozygous transgenic material by means of anther culture. Compared to conventional inbreeding, the in vitro androgenesis technique enables a faster generation of virtually fully homozygous lines. Since the androgenic response is highly genotype-dependent, we crossed transgenic, non-androgenic plants carrying a herbicide resistance marker gene (pat, encoding for phosphinothricin acetyl transferase) with a highly androgenic genotype. The transgenic progenies were used as donor plants for anther culture. One transgenic and three non-transgenic doubled haploid lines have been established within approximately 1 yr. The homozygosity of all four doubled haploid lines was tested by analysis of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers at 19 different loci. Polymorphisms were found between the lines but not within the lines indicating the homozygous nature of the entire plant genome gained by anther culture. Southern blot analysis revealed that the transgenic donor plants and their doubled haploid progeny exhibited the same integration pattern of the pat gene. No segregation of the herbicide resistance trait has been observed among the progeny of the transgenic doubled haploid line.  相似文献   

12.
There is a requirement of haploid and double haploid material and homozygous lines for cell culture studies and breeding in flax. Anther culture is currently the most successful method producing doubled haploid lines in flax. Recently, ovary culture was also described as a good source of doubled haploids. In this review we focus on tissue and plants regeneration using anther culture, and cultivation of ovaries containing unfertilized ovules. The effect of genotype, physiological status of donor plants, donor material pre-treatment and cultivation conditions for flax anthers and ovaries is discussed here. The process of plant regeneration from anther and ovary derived calli is also in the focus of this review. Attention is paid to the ploidy level of regenerated tissue and to the use of molecular markers for determining of gametic origin of flax plants derived from anther and ovary cultures. Finally, some future prospects on the use of doubled haploids in flax biotechnology are outlined here.  相似文献   

13.
Summary A chromosome doubling technique, involving colchicine treatment of an embryogenic, haploid callus line of maize (Zea mays L., derived through anther culture), was evaluated. Two colchicine levels (0.025% and 0.05%) and three treatment durations (24, 48, and 72 h) were used and compared to untreated controls. Chromosome counts and seed recovery from regenerated plants were determined. No doubled haploid plants were regenerated from calli without colchicine treatment. After treatment with colchicine for 24 h, the callus tissue regenerated about 50% doubled haploid plants. All of the plants regenerated from the calli treated with colchicine for 72 h were doubled haploids, except for a few tetraploid plants. No significant difference in chromosome doubling was observed between the two colchicine levels. Most of the doubled haploid plants produced viable pollen and a total of 107 of 136 doubled haploid plants produced from 1 to 256 seeds. Less extensive studies with two other genotypes gave similar results. These results demonstrate that colchicine treatment of haploid callus tissue can be a very effective and relatively easy method of obtaining a high frequency of doubled haploid plants through anther culture.  相似文献   

14.
甜(辣)椒单倍体培养研究进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
介绍了甜(辣)椒花药培养和游离小孢子培养的研究概况,花药培养应用相对成熟,游离小孢子培养尚未获得突破性进展。对影响花药培养的各关键因素(包括材料基因型、供体植株生长状态、小孢子发育时期、培养基、培养方法、变温处理、培养条件等)进行了综述,并讨论了甜(辣)椒单倍体培养存在的问题和进一步研究方向。  相似文献   

15.
Anther culture was used to generate microspore-derived doubled haploid (DH) plants from four spring barley crosses. The culture medium used contained maltose as the sole carbohydrate source and the mode of plantlet regeneration was mainly via pollen embryogenesis. Both haploid and spontaneously doubled regenerants were produced and the doubled haploids were compared to recom-binant inbred lines generated by several rounds of selfing (single seed descent). Parental, DH and single seed descent (SSD) lines were grown in randomised, replicated field trials and the samples were scored for a range of agronomic traits. The mean performance and phenotypic distribution of the DH and SSD samples were similar and there was little evidence to support the conclusion that anther culture derived lines exhibit a reduction in vigour. Where significant differences were detected between groups these were mainly confined to crosses which were segregating for the denso dwarfing gene. The differential transmission of particular regions of the barley genome may therefore influence and confound the expression of agronomic traits in DH populations. This is the first report of the agronomic performance of anther culture lines produced via pollen embryogenesis and the results are discussed in relation to the exploitation of anther culture technology in barley breeding.  相似文献   

16.
The objective of this work was to produce doubled haploid plants from durum wheat through the induction of androgenesis. A microspore culture technique was developed and used to produce fertile doubled haploid plants of agronomic interest. Five cultivars, one selected line, plus a collection of 20 F1 crosses between different genotypes of high breeding value were used. Studies on several factors such as pre-treatments and media components were carried out in order to develop a protocol to regenerate green haploid plantlets. Anthers were pre-treated in 0.7 M mannitol. Microspores, from anther maceration, were plated on a C17 induction culture medium with ovary co-culture. The optimum regeneration medium J25–8 was used. From 35 microspore isolations, 407 green plantlets were obtained. With this technique mature embryos were obtained. Green plants were regenerated from all genotypes used and approximately 67% of them were spontaneously doubled haploids. Some haploids and a very few polyploids plants were obtained. From the 407 plants, 275 were completely fertile and gave enough seeds to be assayed in the field. This protocol could be used complementary to or instead of the intergeneric crossing with maize as an economically feasible method to obtain doubled haploids from most durum wheat genotypes.  相似文献   

17.
Summary Culture of Brassica campestris anthers at 35°C for one or three days prior to culture at 25°C significantly stimulated the yield of microspore-derived embryos. More than 100 plants were regenerated from cultured embryos and haploids were identified amongst them. The haploid frequency was greater than 70% if all small-flowered sterile plants were considered to be haploid. The yield of microspore-derived plants in B. campestris is approaching the level where anther culture may be utilized as a practical breeding tool.  相似文献   

18.
Summary Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) haploids and doubled haploids have been used in breeding programs and genetic studies. Wheat haploids and doubled haploids via anther culture are usually produced by a multiple step culture procedure. We improved a wheat haploid and doubled haploid production system via anther culture in which plants are produced from microspore-derived embryos using one medium and one culture environment. In the improved protocol, tillers of donor plants were pretreated at 4°C for 1–2 wk before anthers were plated on a modified 85D12 basal medium with phenylacetic acid (PAA) and zeatin and cultured at 30°C with a 12-h daylength (43 μEs−1m−2) in an incubator. Microspore-derived embryos developed in 2–3 wk and the plants were produced 3–4 wk after anther plating. In the improved system, as much as 53% of the anthers of Pavon 76 were responsive with multiple embryos. For plant regeneration, as many as 22 green and 25 albino plants were produced from 100 anthers. Sixty-five green plants were grown to maturity and 32 (49%) plants were fertile and produced seeds (indicating spontaneous chromosome doubling) while 33 plants did not produce seed. Of five Nebraska breeding lines tested using the protocol, NE96675 was very responsive and the other lines less so, indicating that the protocol is genotype-dependent.  相似文献   

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