香蕉试管苗黄瓜花叶病毒检疫检验技术研究

建立了香蕉试管苗黄瓜花叶病毒ＤＡＣ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测技术。应用０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸盐缓冲液（ｐＨ７．２,内含１％ＮａＤＩＥＣＡ）作为样品制备缓冲液,检测灵敏度可达到１／５１２０（稀释度）。两年来检测了１２８７个样品,香蕉试管苗生产繁殖材料的带毒率为２．８％。     

大肠杆菌精氨酰－tRNA合成酶的变种ArgRS306KR的纯化和基本性质

本文从含ＡｒｇＲＳ３０６ＫＲ基因ａｒｇｓ３０６ＫＲ的ｐＵＣ１８重组质粒的大肠杆菌ＴＧ１转化子中经ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｃｅｌ和Ｂｌｕｅ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ两步柱层析,得到电泳一条带的ＡｒｇＲＳ３０６ＫＲ。纯酶的比活为２７９０单位／毫克。该酶氨酰化和ＡＴＰ～ＰＰｉ交换活力的最适ｐＨ分别为ｐＨ８．３和ｐＨ７．５。氨酰化活力对ＡＴＰ、Ａｒｇ和ｔＲＮＡ的Ｋｍ分别为２．６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、１４．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ和５．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ：Ｖｍａｘ为７６３０单位／毫克;ｋｏａｔ为９Ｓ－１。ＡＴＰ～ＰＰｉ交换活力对ＡＴＰ和Ａｒｇ的Ｋｍ分别为８．３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ和９９μｍｏｌ／Ｌ;Ｖｍａｘ为１６３２０单位／毫克;ｋｃａｔ为１８Ｓ－１。     

菠菜光系统Ⅱ天线组分CP29的分离及其性质

菠菜放氧的光系统Ⅱ（ＰＳⅡ）核心复合物经０．８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｔｒｉｓ（ｐＨ８．０）洗涤后,用温和的非离子去垢剂ＤＭ和高浓度的ＬｉＣｌＯ４增溶,再经ＤＥＡＥ－Ｔｏｙｏｐｅａｒｌ－６５０Ｓ离子交换柱层析分离,可得到ＰＳⅡ天线组分中的叶绿素α／ｂ结合蛋白（ＣＰ２９）。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ显示一条３０ｋＤ蛋白质带。根据Ａｒｎｏｎ法和Ｍａｒｋｗｅｌｌ法的结果表明,每个蛋白质分子结合有７～８个分子的叶绿素α和２～３     

水稻巯基蛋白酶抑制剂的纯化及其性质研究

水稻的糠皮和胚经生理盐水浸取、离心后的上清液加热至８０℃处理１０ｍｉｎ,离心获得的上清液调ｐＨ至８．０,得到沉淀。沉淀溶解于０．０１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ,经透析冷冻干燥得水稻巯基蛋白酶抑制剂（ＣＰＩ）粗品;粗品再经ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ柱线性离子梯度洗脱和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００柱分子筛层析,即可获得在ＰＡＧＥ、ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和ＨＰＬＣ上均为单一蛋白带的ＣＰＩ样品。经上述步骤,ＣＰＩ可被纯化５８倍。经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００和ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测定其分子量均为１２０００,Ｎ末端氨基酸为Ｐｒｏ,等电点５．６．水稻ＣＰＩ经１００℃处理１０ｍｉｎ后,其抑制活性无任何变化,在ｐＨ２．０～９．０之间,活性也不发生改变,但ｐＨ在９．０以上,其活性逐渐下降,水稻ＣＰＩ对木瓜蛋白酶是一种高亲和性的抑制剂,它对木瓜蛋白酶和无花果蛋白酶有强抑制作用,对菠萝蛋白酶仅有弱抑制作用,但对胰蛋白酶则全无抑制作用;其抑制类型属竞争性抑制剂类型,Ｋ＿ｉ值约３．５×１０￣（－８）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ对木瓜蛋白酶的抑制摩尔比约为１：１。     

头孢唑啉为配基亲和层析纯化尿激酶

利用头孢类抗生素头孢唑啉为配基,Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ４Ｂ为载体,用环氧氯丙烷活化法制得头孢唑啉－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ４Ｂ亲和载体,配基密度为４３μｍｏｌ／ｇ湿胶。吸附尿激酶的最佳条件为ｐＨ６．０和１．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＣｌ;最大吸附量为１１００００ｕ／ｇ湿胶,洗脱条件为含０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＣｌ,ｐＨ９．０,０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ甘氨酸缓冲液。将比活为５００ｕ／ｍｇ的尿激酶粗品进行层析,得到比活为４９     

蚯蚓体内一种纤溶酶原激活剂(e-PA)对ATEE的降解

赤子爱胜蚓（Ｅｉｓｅｎｉａｆｅｔｉｄａ）体内的一种纤溶酶原激活剂（ｅ－ＰＡ）能够降解人工合成底物Ｎ－乙酰－Ｌ－酪氨酸乙酯（ＡＴＥＥ）,该降解反应的最适ｐＨ为８．５,而且在０．２ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＨＰＯ４中的活性要强于在０．０５ｍｏｌ／ＬＴｒｉｓ－ＨＣｌ（ｐＨ８．５）中．分别测定了ｅ－ＰＡ的大小亚基及全酶在０．２ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＨＰＯ４与０．０５ｍｏｌ／ＬＴｒｉｓ－ＨＣｌ（ｐＨ８．５）两种体系中的Ｋｍ和Ｋｃａｔ．结果表明,在０．２ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＨＰＯ４中,全酶的ＡＴＥＥ活性远远高于大小亚基单独的ＡＴＥＥ活性,而在０．０５ｍｏｌ／ＬＴｒｉｓ－ＨＣｌ（ｐＨ８．５）中则没有这种现象．从蛋白质结构的角度对这一结果作了解释．用不同抑制剂和ｅ－ＰＡ作用,结果表明,ｐｅｐｓｔａｔｉｎ,Ｅ－６４和ＥＤＴＡ对ｅ－ＰＡ的ＡＴＥＥ活性都有不同程度的抑制,这一点与ｅ－ＰＡ的ＢＡＥＥ活性不同．     

光系统Ⅱ核心天线CP43的纯化及性质

菠菜放氧的ＰＳＩＩ核心复合物经０．８ｍｏｌ／ＬＴｒｉｓ－ＨＣｌ（ｐＨ８．０）洗涤后,用温和的非离子去垢剂ＤＭ和高浓度的ＬｉＣｌＯ４增溶,再经ＤＥＡＥ－Ｔｏｙｏｐｅａｒｌ－６５０Ｓ离子交换柱层析分离,可得到ＰＳＩＩ核心天线４３ｋＤ叶绿素ａ结合蛋白（ＣＰ４３）。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ显示一条４３ｋＤ蛋白质带。根据Ａｒｎｏｎ法和Ｍａｒｋｅｗｌｌ法的结果表明,每个蛋白质分子结合２０～２１个分子的叶绿素ａ。室温条     

双抗体夹心ELISA检测人C蛋白的研究

本文建立了检测人Ｃ蛋白的双抗夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ方法。该方法的最佳实验条件为：－抗浓度５－８．５μｇ／ｍｌ;二抗密度为１：２００－１：１０００倍稀释。制作了Ｃ蛋白浓度与ＯＤ值的关系的工作曲线,指出了用内插法测定Ｃ蛋白的最佳浓度范围为０－１００ｍｇ／ｍｌ之间。     

一种快速非同位素测定2',5'-寡聚腺苷酸合成酶活性的方法

介绍一种新的非同位素测定２′,５′－寡聚腺苷酸合成酶（２′,５′－ＯＡＳＥ）活性的方法．反应液经已糖激酶处理,点样于ＰＥＩ－纤维素薄层层析板上,经甲醇浸泡与预层析和在０．７５ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＨ２ＰＯ４（ｐＨ３．５）缓冲液中的层析可使ＡＤＰ和２′,５′－Ａｎ分离开,系统偏差和２′,５′－ＯＡＳＥ测活分析表明,本方法可用于粗酶液及部分纯化酶液的２′,５′－ＯＡＳＥ活性测定,并可用于临床生化分析     

丝瓜籽中蛋白质生物合成抑制蛋白的分离、纯化及性质研究

丝瓜（Ｌｕｆｆａｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｉｃａ）种籽,经捣碎、抽提、硫酸铵分级沉淀,ＣＭ－５２离子交换层析,Ｓｅｐｈａｃｒｙ１Ｓ－１００分子筛,阳离子交换ＦＰＬＣ等步骤,分离到两种单链蛋白质生物合成抑制蛋白：Ｌｕｆｆｉｎ－Ａ和Ｌｕｆｆｉｎ－Ｂ。它们都是等电点接近１０的碱性蛋白,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测定分子量分别约为２７ｋｄ和２８ｋｄ,氨基酸组成分析表明两者具很大同源性,但免疫双扩散及ＥＬＩＳＡ检测证明两者的免疫原性有差异。Ｌｕｆｆｉｎｓ对兔网织红细胞裂解液的蛋白质生物合成有强烈的抑制作用,ＩＣ５０分别为１．４×１０－１１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和２．０×１０－１１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,比ＴＣＳ的２．９×１０－１０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ低得多。因而,Ｌｕｆｆｉｎｓ很有可能成为肿瘤导向药物的高效＂弹头＂。     

Detection of Artichoke Latent Virus by an Indirect Dot-ELISA

An indirect Dot-ELISA was compared with DAS-ELISA for detecting Artichoke Latent Virus (ALV) both in purified preparations and in crude sap from “Spinoso sardo” artichoke leaves. Antigen diluted samples (1 μl) were first spotted on nitrocellulose (NC) and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes. After blocking, the membranes were incubated in rabbit anti-ALV IgG, then in goat anti-rabbit IgG—alkaline phosphatase conjugate, and finally exposed to substrate and examined for a coloured precipitate. The minimum detection levels for ALV by Dot-ELISA were 125 pg of purified virus and 1/2,000 dilution of virus-infected sap on NC, and 83.3 pg of purified virus and 1/4,000 dilution of virus-infected sap on PVDF, as compared with 50 ng of purified virus and 1/1,000 dilution of virus-infected sap detectable by DAS-ELISA. This indirect Dot-ELISA proved to be more sensitive and more economical than DAS-ELISA, and can be completed in as little as 5—6 hours.     

Association of cucumovirus and potyvirus with betelvine (Piper betle L.) as evidenced by ELISA and RT-PCR

An attempt was made to detect various viruses of Piper betle grown at Mahoba and Banthara in India. DAC-ELISA and RT-PCR tests were performed in leaf sap samples of betelvine for detection of a cucumovirus (Cucumber mosaic virus) and potyvirus (Bean yellow mosaic virus) using specific antibodies and universal primers of respective viruses. DAC-ELISA could detect only CMV. However, RT-PCR detected both cucumovirus and potyvirus infection in betelvine samples. Association of CMV with betelvine was observed for the first time in the present study.     

检测小鹅瘟感染抗体的Dot-ELISA方法研究*

以GPV VP1-VP3非重叠序列重组原核表达多肽为检测抗原,建立了鉴别GPV感染抗体的Dot-ELISA方法,试验确定检测抗原包被浓度分别为700ng; 兔抗鹅IgG-HRP-标记抗体的最适稀释度为1∶200;被检血清最佳稀释度为1∶400。检测GPV血清抗体的阳性率为100%;检测鸡抗GPV VP3禽痘重组病毒血清的阳性率为0 %。     

Monoclonal Antibody-Based Serological Detection of Rice Stripe Mosaic Virus Infection in Rice Plants or Leafhoppers

Rice stripe mosaic virus(RSMV) is a rhabdovirus recently found in southern part of China and can cause severe reduction in rice production. To establish serological methods for RSMV epidemiological studies and to establish a control strategy for this virus, we first purified RSMV virions from infected rice plants and then used them as an immunogen to produce four RSMV-specific monoclonal antibodies(MAbs)(i.e.,1D4, 4A8, 8E4 and 11F11). With these MAbs, we have developed a highly specific and sensitive antigen-coated plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ACP-ELISA), a Dot-ELISA and a Tissue print-ELISA for rapid detections of RSMV infection in rice plants or in leafhoppers. Our results showed that RSMV can be readily detected in RSMV-infected rice plant tissue crude extracts diluted at 1:20,971,520(w/v, g/m L)through ACP-ELISA or diluted at 1:327,680(w/v, g/m L) through Dot-ELISA. Both ACP-ELISA and Dot-ELISA can also be used to detect RSMV infection in individual RSMV viruliferous leafhopper(Recilia dorsalis) homogenate diluted at 1:307,200 and 1:163,840(individual leafhopper/l L), respectively. Detection of RSMV infection in field-collected rice samples or in RSMV viruliferous leafhoppers indicated that the three serological methods can produce same results with that produced by RT-PCR(19 of the 33 rice samples and 5 of the 16 leafhoppers were RSMV-positive). We consider that the four MAbs produced in this study are very specific and sensitive, and the three new serological methods are very useful for detections of RSMV infection in rice plants or in leafhoppers and the establishment of the disease control strategies.     

Use of protein A to improve sensitisation of latex particles with antibodies to plant viruses

Protein A-coated latex (PAL) was compared with uncoated latex (L) for sensitisation with antibodies to five plant viruses: apple mosaic virus (ApMV), arabis mosaic virus (AMV), plum pox virus (PPV), potato virus Y ordinary strain (PVY°) and prunus necrotic ringspot virus (NRS V). A range of globulin concentrations was used with each antiserum and detection end points determined in serial dilutions of infective sap. When sensitised with antibodies to ApMV, PAL detected ApMV readily, whereas L did not. When sensitized with antibodies to PVY° and AMV, PAL gave higher detection end points than L. However, PAL gave little increase in sensitivity with the antisera to PPV and NRSV. Non-specific aggregation of latex, which sometimes occurred in very dilute sap with PAL, could be dispersed by adding 0.02% Tween-20 to the extraction buffer. Globulins of PVY° and AMV could be used at higher dilutions with PAL than with L, giving a saving in antiserum. Both types of latex sensitised with PVY° antibody globulins readily detected the tobacco veinal necrosis and C strains of this virus.     

Stabilization, culture and some properties of tulip halo necrosis virus

Tulip halo necrosis virus, obtained from tulips with leaf necrosis, is very labile in crude sap but can be transmitted consistently by inoculating Nicotiana clevelandii plants with extracts made in pH 8 phosphate buffer containing a stabilizing agent such as 0.2M 2-mercaptoethanol or 0.01M dithiothreitol. Of the fifteen species in five families of Angiosperms infected by inoculation with sap, few are suitable as sources of inoculum. Cultures of the virus can be maintained in Nicotiana clevelandii kept at 14 or 18d?C but not at 21d?C. Infectivity can be assayed in Chenopodium quinoa, in which necrotic local lesions are produced. Stabilized extracts of leaves were infective at a dilution of 1/16 but rarely at 1/32, and infectivity decreased disproportionately with dilution. Infectivity of all extracts was abolished in 10 min at 50d?C and of some at 45d?C, but survived when extracts were clarified using diethyl ether or trichlorotrifluoroethane. The virus was not transmitted by the aphid Myzus persicae.     

Lettuce big-vein virus: mechanical transmission and relationships to tobacco stunt virus

Big-vein diseased lettuce plants contained an agent that could consistently be transmitted mechanically to Chenopodium quinoa, in which it caused characteristic local lesions. Mechanical transmission was also possible to five other plant species including Nicotiana benthamiana, N. clevelandii and N. occidentalis, but not to lettuce. Symptoms in N. occidentalis were reminiscent of those of tobacco stunt disease. With zoospores of originally virus-free Olpidium brassicae, subcultured on the roots of N. occidentalis-P1, sap-inoculated either from lettuce or via C. quinoa, the agent could be transferred back to lettuce in which characteristic symptoms of big-vein were reproduced.
Infectivity in sap at room temperature was reduced by half after 2 h, and was practically lost after one day. Thermal inactivation was considerable at 45°C and complete at 50°C. Most infectivity was lost at dilution 1:5, and the dilution end-point was 1:10. The agent survived well in leaf material stored at -80°C, or in sap from leaves ground in buffer with DIECA and activated charcoal and freeze-dried. Mechanical transmission required low dilution (1:2) in the buffer with charcoal, and chilling of materials and utensils.
In lettuce, N. occidentalis-P1 and C. quinoa, with all isolates tested but one, infection was always associated with the presence of rod-shaped particles which in the literature have been associated with lettuce big-vein, and are similar to those described for tobacco stunt. Results obtained corroborate the assumption that these particles are the virions of lettuce big-vein virus. The virus also resembles tobacco stunt virus in mechanical transmissibility, instability in sap and symptoms on N. occidentalis.     

番木瓜抗病突变体阻碍环斑病毒体内运转

应用RT－PCR一步法检测了PRSV Ys株系在感病番木瓜及其抗病突变体植株体内的运转动态,结果表明：在感病植株中,接种后48hr接种叶的未接种部位可检出病毒,第4天部分接种叶柄可检出病毒,第6天植株各部位均能检出病毒;而在抗病植株中,接种后可以而且仅能在接种部位检出病毒;因而认为抗病突变体能够阻碍病毒从接种部位运出及（或）向未接种部位运入。     

番木瓜抗病突变体阻碍环斑病毒体内运转

应用RT-PCR一步法检测了PRSVYs株系在感病番木瓜及其抗病突变体植株体内的运转动态,结果表明在感病植株中,接种后48hr接种叶的未接种部位可检出病毒,第4天部分接种叶柄可检出病毒,第6天植株各部位均能检出病毒;而在抗病植株中,接种后可以而且仅能在接种部位检出病毒;因而认为抗病突变体能够阻碍病毒从接种部位运出及（或）向未接种部位运入。