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1.
本文总结了我们在用淀粉凝胶电泳技术进行等位酶分析的实验过程中的一些经验和教训,主要结论是:1)尽管材料不同,对于不同的酶系统,用特定的缓冲液系统常能获得比较理想的效果,如DIA,CPI,HEX,SOD和TPI用S6(Soltis等,1983);AMP用S8;MDH用S9和SKD用W2(Wendel和Weeden,1989)等。2)用磷酸缓冲液配制AMP的染色配方较其它配方效果好。3)当胶染时,使用琼脂替代琼脂糖,染色效果不变而成本更低,谱带扩散更慢。4)不同的提取液可能适用于不同的酶系统,如磷酸-PVP提取液(Soltis等,1983)不适用于石荠苎的GPI的提取。5)正确选择凝胶和电极缓冲液,S1虽然适用面广,但效果不一定好,对于位点多和等位基因丰富的材料尤其应警惕,因S1可能掩盖样品之间的差异。  相似文献   

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3.
荷叶铁线蕨等位酶分析初步研究   总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3  
荷叶铁线蕨 ( Adiantum reniforme var.sinense)是铁线蕨科铁线蕨属肾叶铁线蕨的一个变种〔1〕,分布于重庆市万县、石柱等县的沿江近 1 0 0 km长的狭长地段 ,分布高度局限于海拔 80~ 430 m之间 〔2〕。受其自身生物学、生态学习性的局限和人为的破坏 ,该物种正濒于灭绝的边缘。三峡工程修建后 ,库区内1 75m线以下的地区将被淹没 ,将更加剧该物种的濒危程度。为了挽救这一物种已经采取了许多措施 ,迁地保护是其中的重要措施之一 ,中国科学院武汉植物研究所在这一方面已经做了一些工作 〔3~ 5〕。为了有效地实施迁地保护 ,保存该物种的大部…  相似文献   

4.
复合淀粉凝胶电泳同工酶分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了克服水解马铃薯淀粉不易获得的困难,并使“I发片淀粉凝胶电泳同工酶分析”更容易开展,普通的化学试剂马铃薯淀粉(或精制食用马铃薯淀粉)和可溶性淀粉混合物加入适当 剂被用来代替水解马铃薯淀粉制作凝胶。试验结果表明:用8 ̄10%的上述混合淀粉(5:3),添加1%的琼脂粉和2 ̄4%的蔗糖,所制成的“复合淀粉凝胶”可以很好地被切片,并成功地对许多不同类群的植物材料的PGM、PGI、MDH、AAT、SKDH  相似文献   

5.
为了克服水解马铃薯淀粉不易获得的困难,并使“水平切片淀粉凝胶电泳同工酶分析”更容易开展,普通的化学试剂马铃薯淀粉(或精制食用马铃薯淀粉)和可溶性淀粉混合物加入适当的添加剂被用来代替水解马铃薯淀粉制作凝胶。试验结果表明:用8~10%的上述混合淀粉(5∶3),添加1%的琼脂粉和2~4%的蔗糖,所制成的“复合淀粉凝胶”可以很好地被切片,并成功地对许多不同类群的植物材料的PGM、PGI、MDH、AAT、SKDH、6PGD、IDH和ME等酶进行染色。  相似文献   

6.
中华水韭(Isoetes sinensis)等位酶分析的初步研究   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9  
采用超薄平板聚丙烯酰胺等电聚焦技术对珍稀涉危植物中华水韭(Isoetes sinensis Palmer)72个样品的等位酶遗传变异进行了初步研究。从24种酶筛选,得到了13种酶系统可用于该植物的遗传变异分析,其中7种酶系统在中华水韭的迁地保护区群中检测出16个位点,共27个等位基因,12个位点表现出多态性。遗传多样性初步分析表明:中华水韭具较低的等位酶遗传多样性。研究结果为中华水韭的综合保育及居群恢复、重建提供了初步的依据。中华水韭遗传变异的全面研究将在进一步改善等位酶方法的基础上,采用其它更为灵敏的分子标记方法做深入检测。  相似文献   

7.
等位酶分析的遗传学基础   总被引:18,自引:1,他引:17  
王中仁 《生物多样性》1994,2(3):149-156
在等位酶分析中,对酶谱的正确解释是获取遗传学资料的基础,酶谱作为酶基因的表现型,是由该种酶蛋白质的四级结构情况(亚基的数目)、在亚细胞分室中的分布(位点的数目)以及所分析样品的倍性和基因型的情况所决定的。术语“酶型”被建议用来记录和描述各种情况下的酶谱的不同。在进行生物多样性和分子系统学研究中,如果直接把酶谱上带的数目的多少作为遗传多样性大小的指标,或把带的多少及迁移率的大小作为数量性状进行聚类和分枝分析将会得出非常错误的结论。  相似文献   

8.
燕麦草多倍体复合体的等位酶多样性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对欧洲及地中海地区燕麦草复合体27个居群的等位酶电泳调查表明,燕麦草复合体维持比较高的等位酶多样性(He=0.447,A=3.29),亚种间遗传分化较小(GST=0.053);在四个亚种内,也维持着比较高的多样性(He:0.325-0.533),各亚种内的基因多样度主要存在于居群之内,居群间分化较小。四倍体的基因多样性高于二倍体的。燕麦草复合体内居群间基因流较高,表明燕麦草繁育方式主要为风媒远交。  相似文献   

9.
短葶飞蓬云南三个种群的核型与等位酶分析   总被引:16,自引:2,他引:16  
通过核型和等位酶分析,对短葶飞蓬(Erigeron breviscapus)种群遗传结构进行了较全面的研究。研究材料来自丽江,昆明,邱北,核型分析表明,这3个种群都为二倍体种群(2n=2x=18),以丽江种群为例,短葶飞蓬核型为2n=2x=18=6m 10sm(2SAT) 2st,10种酶的等位酶分析表明,短葶飞蓬的遗传变异存在于种群内,种群间遗传一致度高(I=0.9172),遗传距离小(D=0.0876),遗传距离与空间距离大致成正相关。  相似文献   

10.
徐广  郭予元  吴孔明 《昆虫学报》2000,43(-1):63-69
利用聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳检测了棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera的13种等位酶:α-磷酸甘油脱氢酶(α-GPDH)、酸性磷酸酯酶(ACPH)、碱性磷酸酯酶(ALP)、醛氧化酶(AO)、酯酶(EST)、谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶(GOT)、己糖激酶(HEX)、亮氨酸氨肽酶(LAP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、苹果酸酶(ME)、磷酸葡萄糖变位酶(PGM)和黄嘌呤脱氢酶(XDH),染色采用双染法。对其中9种等位酶的遗传变异进行了分析,包括13个位点,6个位点表现出多态性,7个位点是单态的,其中多态性位点比例为46.15%。AO、GOT、LAP、LDH、ME和XDH计算出棉铃虫的平均杂合度为0.1160,南京、成都、武穴、衡阳和哈密5个种群的平均遗传距离为0.0008~0.0293,平均遗传相似度为0.9707~0.992。棉铃虫种群内存在很高的遗传多态性,而已测定的种群间遗传分化程度较小,种群间没有基因交流的障碍。迁飞阻碍了不同地理种群间的遗传分化。  相似文献   

11.
 从金鱼肝脏分离并部分纯化了HGPRT。初步结果表明,该酶的分子量为78,000左右。由3个亚基组成,每个亚基的分子量约为27,000。金鱼的HGPRT很稳定,在85℃加热10分钟,至少保留80%的酶活性。该酶与PRPP的反应产物在淀粉凝胶电泳图谱上出现两条反应带。  相似文献   

12.
不同产地大熊猫红细胞同工酶的比较研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
李扬文  张燕生 《动物学报》1991,27(3):281-286
本文对饲养在国内几家动物园内的不同性别及不同产地的十六只大熊猫的红细胞乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH),G-6-PD(葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶)以及葡萄糖磷酸异构酶(GPI或PGI)四种同工酶进行了淀粉凝胶电泳分析。确定了大熊猫红细胞上述四种同工酶的酶谱,从而在生化水平上对我国不同产地的大熊猫进行了初步研究和探讨。  相似文献   

13.
应用淀粉凝胶电泳研究了从湖北鸭儿湖污染区采集的较耐污染的摇蚊复合组幼虫,结果发现:在取样种群中存在高活性的β酯酶(EST),其电泳迁移率与致倦库蚊实验参考系均不同;从甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GPD)染色结果发现,其酶谱与已报道的库蚊GPD染色结果有很大不同,在污染最重的1号氧化塘的摇蚊复合组幼虫的GPD没有表达;但在中度污染的2、3号氧化塘中,摇蚊复合组幼虫GPD位点呈现明显多态现象。群体遗传学分析结果表明,取样种群由于杂合子不足造成种群偏离哈迪-温伯格平衡。所分析的2号、3号、4号塘三个亚种群之间遗传差异不显,有效迁移个体数比较少,亚种群间基因流动少。  相似文献   

14.
讨论用于基因研究的各种方法,并指出毛细管电泳技术的优点。评述毛细管电泳(CE)用于基因分析的原理,详细介绍毛细管电泳在基因研究中的应用新进展。展望CE及其在基因研究的应用前景。  相似文献   

15.
Synopsis Starch gel electrophoresis of the common shiner, Notropis cornutus, was used to determine if this species exhibits genotypic structuring. Specimens were collected from seven widespread localities representing three branches of a single river drainage. χ2 tests revealed no significant heterogeneity of Est-A electromorphs within or between localities except where physical barriers prevent contact. Therefore, schooling behavior of N. cornutus is not associated with significant genotypic structuring of this species.  相似文献   

16.
The allozymes and morphology of 110 specimens of three Sebastiscus species (S. marmoratus, S. tertius, and S. albofasciatus) in the East China Sea and near Japan were compared. Results of 20 allozyme loci studied showed that all three species were closely related (Nei's unbiased genetic distances, 0.057–0.133) but could be identified on the basis of informative loci with a few exceptions. Initial identification based on color patterns agreed with allozyme identification in more than 98% of Sebastiscus specimens and agreed completely in S. albofasciatus. One specimen that was initially identified as S. marmoratus because of the dark body color was actually S. tertius according to two informative allozyme loci. Number of pectoral fin rays differed between S. marmoratus (18 or fewer, 98%) and S. tertius (19 or more, 85%) in this study. The previously mentioned dark specimen had 19 pectoral fin rays, which are characteristic in S. tertius. Using seven morphological measurements, canonical discriminant analysis between S. marmoratus and S. tertius classified less than 90% of specimens into the original groups (species). Some specimens of S. tertius resembled S. marmoratus in body shape and vice versa. A combination of genetic characterization and morphological examination is necessary to identify S. marmoratus and S. tertius accurately. Distinction based on allozymes and color patterns with numbers of pectoral fin rays should provide satisfactory identification. Received: May 16, 2000 / Revised: December 19, 2000 / Accepted: January 24, 2001  相似文献   

17.
    
We investigated the population genetics of 23 isolates of H. pylori by allozyme electrophoresis using 16 enzyme loci. Isolates were obtained from adult patients of whom 48% were of Greek extraction. Eight patients (35%) had an active duodenal ulcer. Allelic variation per loci ranged from 2 to 11 alleles. Four major genetic clusters were apparent, having >75% fixed genetic differences. There was no distinct clustering (clonal structure) on the basis of the geographical origin of the persons from whom isolates were obtained, indicating that this bacterium has not recently jumped a species barrier into humans. Isolates associated with ulcer disease were not monophyletic, with isolates from ulcer patients being found in phylogenetically diverse branches of the dendogram derived from the data. Based on the genetic diversity of H. pylori isolates, we propose that isolates should be classified as belonging not to a single species but to a `Helicobacter pylori species-complex'.  相似文献   

18.
Summary Samples of approximately 100 plants from each of 22 populations ofLolium perenne representing 15 cultivars, and from 13 populations ofLolium multiflorum representing six cultivars were scored for iso-zyme variants in five enzyme systems, PGI, GOT, ACP, PGM and 6-PGD. From the individual banding patterns a genetic interpretation of the variation was formulated and population studies of the resulting six polymorphic enzyme loci were performed. No strong indications of partial selfing was found since at four of the six loci,Pgi 2, Got 3, Pgm 1 andPgd 1, the genotypic proportions were in correspondence with the Hardy-Weinberg expectations. This indicated, further, that the genetical interpretations of the banding patterns might be correct. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg proportions forAcp 1 andGot 2 indicated presumably selection working on the linkage group including these loci. Gametic phase disequilibrium was observed betweenPgi 2 andPgd 1 for populations of one cultivar. These results were discussed in relation to the variation expected within a cultivar.  相似文献   

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