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1.
菲和芘对土壤中植物根伸长抑制的生态毒性效应   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
测定了草甸棕壤条件下 ,菲、芘对小麦、白菜、西红柿 3种植物根伸长抑制率 ,以及复合污染毒性效应。结果表明 ,菲、芘浓度与植物根伸长抑制率呈显著线性或对数相关 (P =0 0 5 )。 2种有机物对植物根伸长抑制强度为菲 >芘。这与菲、芘的水中溶解度明显相关。与土壤脱氢酶活性和蚕豆根尖微核实验结果相比 ,植物根伸长对菲、芘毒性更敏感。小麦为有机污染的最敏感指示植物。菲、芘复合污染产生明显协同作用。  相似文献   

2.
植物CytP450和抗氧化酶对土壤低浓度菲、芘胁迫的响应   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以小麦(Triticum acstivnm)为供试植物,草甸棕壤为供试土壤,以微粒体细胞色素P450及抗氧化酶SOD、POD和CAT酶活性为指标,进行了土壤中菲、芘单一及复合胁迫响应研究.结果初步表明,菲、芘胁迫引起植物体内解毒代谢和抗氧化防御酶反应.菲、芘单一胁迫浓度为1mg kg-1时对细胞色素P450产生显著诱导;4 mg kg-1时P450酶含量明显被抑制,表明低浓度菲、芘单一胁迫对植物代谢解毒系统产生损伤;而菲、芘复合1mg kg-1时P450酶含量明显被抑制,说明菲、芘复合胁迫对植物的代谢解毒具有协同毒性效应.土壤中菲、芘单一胁迫未引起SOD酶活性的明显改变,复合胁迫下SOD酶活性出现微弱下降;菲、芘单一胁迫对CAT和POD酶活性具有显著抑制作用;复合胁迫对CAT产生抑制作用,而POD酶活性并未对菲、芘复合产生增强毒性响应.研究从代谢解毒和抗氧化防御酶系统两方面,为土壤低浓度PAHs污染诊断提供了实验依据.  相似文献   

3.
重金属对土壤中小麦种子发芽与根伸长抑制的生态毒性   总被引:51,自引:4,他引:47  
测定了4种土壤(红壤、草甸棕壤、暗棕壤和栗钙土)条件下,Cu,Zn,Pb和Cd单一污染对小麦种子发芽与根伸长抑制主及其复合污染效应(暗棕壤条件下)。结果表明,同一浓度下,重金属对小麦根伸长抑制率均明显大于对种子发芽抑制率,植物根对金属污染的生态毒性比种子发芽敏感,土壤有机质和土壤N含量与Cu,Zn,Pb和Cd污染对小麦根伸长抑制率显著负相关(R^2OR=0.91,R^2K-N=0.92),土壤PH和阳离子交换量与Cu,Zn,Pb和Cd污染对小麦根伸长抑制率的相关性不显著(R^2PH=0.62,R^2CEC=0.60),在单一污染对小麦根伸长为刺激作用浓度(较低浓度)或为抑制作用浓度下(较高浓度),复合污染均表现为协同作用。^  相似文献   

4.
PLC—IP3信号途径参与花粉管伸长调控的显微注射实验   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以百合(Lilium davidii Duch.)花粉为材料,通过显微注射肌醇磷脂信使系统中重要组成成分或其抗体,研究该信使系统牟花粉管伸长的影响。发现显微注射动物来源磷脂酶C(PLC)β1-3抗体显著抑制花粉管的伸长生长,而注射PLCβ4抗体对花粉管伸长无影响;显微注射三磷酸肌醇(IP3),可显著促进花粉管伸长生长;显微注射动物来源的IP3R2、IP3R3抗体可显著抑制花粉管伸长生长,而注射IP  相似文献   

5.
为了对味精废水的污染进行全面的评价,针对不同工艺阶段排放的味精废水,采用小麦、白菜和西红柿等作物种子,以污水为环境介质,进行了种子发芽和根伸长的污染暴露实验,并结合污染现场,进行了相应的定量分析.结果表明,在高浓度原味精废母液中, 小麦种子的发芽抑制率和根伸长的抑制率与废水的浓度呈显著正相关.味精废水对3种作物种子的发芽和根伸长的毒性强弱顺序为:西红柿>白菜>小麦西红柿对味精废水毒性响应最为敏感,可以认为是一种较为理想的生物毒性指示作物.味精生产不同工艺阶段所排放的污水对这3种作物种子的发芽半抑制浓度(IC50)为22.0~32432 mg·L-1,对根伸长的半抑制浓度(IC50)为17.3~3320 mg·L-1.  相似文献   

6.
植物根对土壤中PAHs的吸收及预测   总被引:22,自引:2,他引:20  
凌婉婷  朱利中  高彦征  熊巍 《生态学报》2005,25(9):2320-2325
研究了多种植物根对土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的吸收作用,阐述了根系吸收与土壤污染强度、污染物性质、植物组成等的关系,并用实验数据检验了限制分配模型对植物吸收土壤中PAHs的预测性能。供试土壤中菲和芘的起始浓度分别为0~457和0~489mg/kg;45d后,随土壤中菲和芘浓度提高,根中菲和芘含量明显增大,根系富集系数则减小。不同植物根中菲和芘含量和根系富集系数与根的脂肪含量呈显著正相关。由于芘的Kow较大,同种植物根中芘含量、芘的根系富集系数则远大于菲。经45d处理,尽管土壤中菲浓度变化很大(从不足1mg/kg到约45mg/kg),限制分配模型能较好地预测供试植物根中菲的含量,黑麦草和菜心根中菲含量的预测误差低于81%。作为限制分配模型预测植物吸收的关键参数,不同植物根吸收菲的αpt值与根脂肪含量显著正相关。  相似文献   

7.
施用尿素对土壤中Cd、Pb形态分布及植物有效性的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用室外盆栽试验,研究了在镉(25mg·kg-1)、铅(1000mg·kg-1)单一污染及其复合污染的土壤中,施用不同剂量尿素(0、100、200、400、800mg·kg-1)对小麦根际和非根际土壤镉、铅形态、小麦植物体镉、铅浓度的影响,为重金属污染土壤的防治提供依据。结果表明:增加尿素施用水平显著提高了小麦不同部位镉、铅浓度,尿素施用促进小麦对镉、铅的吸收与其对土壤中镉、铅形态分布的影响紧密相关,尿素施用引起土壤pH下降,提高土壤中交换态镉、铅含量,而交换态是最易被植物吸收利用的部分,这是尿素施用提高镉、铅植物有效性的主要原因;与单一污染相比,镉、铅复合污染抑制了小麦对铅的吸收,但促进了小麦对镉的吸收。  相似文献   

8.
对嵊泗列岛岩相潮间带底栖生物群落的研究表明,受盐度及海岸开敞度影响,该列岛岩相潮间带生活着低盐性、广盐性及高盐性3种类型群落.多毛类数量,从西部到东部呈逐渐增加的趋势,软体动物密度和生物量顺序分别为SS4>HL3>SJ2>DY1和DY1>SJ2>HL3>SS4;甲壳动物分别为DY1>SJ2>HL3>SS4和SS4>HL3>SJ2>DY1;藻类生物量顺序为HL3>SS4>SJ2>DY1.垂直分布上,多毛类数量,断面DY1及SJ2为中湖区>低潮区>高潮区,断面HL3及SS4为低潮区>中潮区>高潮区;软体动物、甲壳动物和藻类生物量顺序均为中潮区>低潮区>高潮区.藻类生物量一般以春秋季最高,夏季较低;底栖动物生物量,DY1以夏秋季生物量较大,冬季最小,SJ2、HL3分别以春秋生物量最大,SJ2以冬季最小,HL3以春季最小.  相似文献   

9.
以红薯为供试材料,设计了Cd、Pb、芘复合污染的盆栽正交实验,研究了复合污染下红薯生长及生理特征的变化情况。结果表明:Cd-Pb-芘复合污染下,红薯叶面积普遍受到各污染因子及其交互作用的抑制作用(P0.01,P0.05);Cd、Pb、芘单因素均对红薯叶片伸展速率有显著抑制作用(P0.01)。Pb是抑制茎、叶生物量的最主要因素(P0.01),红薯地下部对复合污染有较强的耐性。芘×Pb交互作用是影响红薯生理生化特性的最主要因素,其显著抑制红薯叶绿素a含量(P0.01)及红薯SOD酶活性(P0.01),同时也显著增加了丙二醛的含量(P0.05)及脯氨酸的积累(P0.01);此外,单因素Cd、Pb和芘及其其它的交互作用也有类似的抑制或促进作用(P0.01,P0.05)。  相似文献   

10.
表面活性剂对小麦吸收多环芳烃(PAHs)的影响   总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13  
李滢  区自清  孙铁珩 《生态学报》2000,20(1):99-102
通过研究施加两表面活性剂(Tween80和LAS)后小麦对多环芳烃的吸收情况得出,含有过量菲、芘和苯并(a)芘营养液中生长的小麦PAHs含量受表面活性剂影响显著。在培养40d后,CMC以上Tween80使小麦根中菲、芘和苯并(a)芘含量下降,即促进了小麦茎叶中菲和芘的含量。CMC和CMC以下LAS也使小麦中PAHs含量降低而茎叶中PAHs含量增加,但主要是LAS对植物毒害作用结果,与表面活性剂胶束  相似文献   

11.
In constructed wetlands for the treatment of industrial effluents and in contaminated waterlogged soils, wetland plants (helophytes) are exposed to toxic chemicals. Hence, the plants' resistance to contaminants is an important prerequisite for applying phytoremediation to solve these environmental problems. For toxicity tests on the germination and growth of various helophytes (Phalaris arundinaceae and Phragmites australis), phenol, phenanthrene, and a mixture of both were used as examples of chemicals from the petrol- and coal-processing industries. The germination rate, shoot length, root length, and influence on leaves, young shoots, and dry weight were studied. Although an increase in contaminant concentration decreased plant growth (dry weight, shoot length); interestingly, the number of young shoots rose. Low contaminant concentration (about 50 mg/l in case of phenol) stimulated the plant growth. The cress seed germination test was less susceptible compared with plantlet exposure in the case of phenol and phenanthrene. Due to its low bioavailability, solid phenanthrene (without solutizer) did not significantly affect plant growth.  相似文献   

12.
Plant growth inhibitors, which are known to exert synergistic effects on herbaceous vegetation, were isolated and quantified from the soils under hackberry trees. Ferulic, caffeic, and p-coumaric acids were isolated from the soils under hackberry trees collected in January, April, and September from 0–15 and 15–30 cm soil depths. Seed germination bioassay indicated considerably higher phytotoxicity levels of individual plant growth inhibitors in January and April soils, and this toxicity level was more drastic when inhibitors were applied accumulatively. Individual phytotoxins extracted from soil in September were not very inhibitory to seed germination of selected test species; however, accumulative effects were still allelopathic to seed germination. Toxicity levels of individual compounds may reduce or disappear in a given time, but the combined action of these chemicals would still be toxic in croplands or in natural communities. Ecological implications of allelopathy in terms of soil-plant interaction are discussed.  相似文献   

13.
高等植物是生态系统中的基本组成部分。一个平衡、稳定的生态系统生产健康、优良的高等植物。反之 ,一个不稳定或受到外来污染的生态系统 ,对高等植物的生长可带来不利和可见的负面影响。因此 ,利用高等植物的生长状况监测土壤污染程度 ,是从生态学角度衡量土壤健康状况 ,评价土壤质量的重要方法之一[4 ,6] 1) 。土壤生态毒理学评价方法是对化学分析方法的重要补充。目前已建立的高等植物毒理试验有三种方法 ,即 1根伸长试验 ;2种子发芽试验 ;3早期植物幼苗生长试验[3 ,5,6,10 ] 。最初 ,这类试验主要用于纯化学品的毒性检验 ,但随着对土壤…  相似文献   

14.
植物对水中菲和芘的吸收   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
凌婉婷  高彦征  李秋玲  谢正苗  熊巍 《生态学报》2006,26(10):3332-3338
以菲和芘为多环芳烃(PAHs)代表物,采用水培体系研究了黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum Lam)对水中PAHs的吸收作用,重点研究了植物吸收菲和芘的时间动态.水中菲和芘起始浓度分别为1.00mg/L和0.12mg/L.0~288h内,黑麦草根和茎叶中菲和芘含量均先快速增加而后降低,积累量不断增大,植物根系和茎叶富集系数则先快速升高而后趋于稳定.茎叶中菲和芘含量、茎叶对菲和芘的富集系数比根低1~3数量级,积累量也明显小于根系.黑麦草根系对水中芘有更强的富集能力,其根系富集系数比菲大85%~179%;而其茎叶对菲的富集作用则略强.菲和芘在植物体内有明显的传导作用.0~288h,传导系数(TF)先显著升高而后趋于恒定;但实验条件下,菲和芘的TF值均很小,分别不高于0.031和0.009,且芘的TF值明显小于菲,表明供试植物对芘的传导能力更弱.  相似文献   

15.
Toxicity of anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and the mixtures of these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to three economic crops in Thailand was compared. Seeds of sweet corn, waxy corn, and rice were planted in soils contaminated with each PAH alone, binary mixtures, and total four PAH mixture. Rice seedlings were most sensitive to PAHs. Germination of sweet corn, waxy corn, and rice seeds was delayed by single PAH and their mixtures, especially at their high concentrations. More than 20 mg/kg of anthracene and 2 mg/kg of phenanthrene significantly retarded the seed germination rate in waxy corn. Root and shoot elongation were more sensitive to toxic PAHs than other growth indices. Fluorene was more toxic to all the tested plants than other PAHs. (Anthracene + fluoranthene) was most toxic to plants when compared with other PAH mixtures. There was synergistic combine effect of PAHs on corn root length, but there were antagonistic combine effects on fresh weights of both plants and rice root length. PAH mixtures did not affect dry weights of all plants.  相似文献   

16.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) are manufactured and used worldwide in large quantities. However, phytotoxicity research on nano-TiO2 has yielded confusing results, ranging from strong toxicity to positive effects. Therefore, in this research, the effects of nano-TiO2 on the germination and root elongation of seed and seedlings were studied. Additionally, the uptake and physiological responses of mature plants were investigated. Physical chemistry data were analyzed to assess the availability of nano-TiO2. Finally, a hydroponic system designed to overcome nano-TiO2 precipitation was used to reproduce the environmental conditions of actual fields. Nano-TiO2 did not have any effect on seed germination or on most of the plant species tested. Nano-TiO2 had positive effects on root elongation in some species. No physiological differences in enzyme activities or chlorophyll content were detected, even though the plants absorbed nano-TiO2. Physical chemistry data showed that nano-TiO2 agglomerated rapidly and formed particles with much bigger hydrodynamic diameters, even in distilled water and especially in a hydroponic system. Furthermore, agglomerated nano-TiO2 formed precipitates; this would be more severe in an actual field. Consequently, nano-TiO2 would not be also readily available to plants and would not cause any significant effects on plants. Our results and other reports suggest that titanium itself is not phytotoxic, even though plants absorb titanium. In conclusion, nano-TiO2 is not toxic to the three plant species, in vitro or in situ.  相似文献   

17.
Heavy metal contamination of soil, aqueous waste stream and ground water causes major environmental and human health problems. Heavy metals are major environmental pollutants when they are present in high concentration in soil and show potential toxic effects on growth and development in plants. Due to unabated, indiscriminate and uncontrolled discharge of hazardous chemicals including heavy metals into the environment, plant continuously have to face various environmental constraints. In plants, seed germination is the first exchange interface with the surrounding medium and has been considered as highly sensitive to environmental changes. One of the crucial events during seed germination entails mobilization of seed reserves which is indispensable for the growth of embryonic axis. But, metabolic alterations by heavy metal exposure are known to depress the mobilization and utilization of reserve food by affecting the activity of hydrolytic enzymes. Some plants possess a range of potential mechanisms that may be involved in the detoxification of heavy metals by which they manage to survive under metal stress. High tolerance to heavy metal toxicity could rely either on reduced uptake or increase planned internal sequestration which is manifested by an interaction between a genotype and its environment. Such mechanism involves the binding of heavy metals to cell wall, immobilization, exclusion of the plasma membrane, efflux of these toxic metal ions, reduction of heavy metal transport, compartmentalization and metal chelation by tonoplast located transporters and expression of more general stress response mechanisms such as stress proteins. It is important to understand the toxicity response of plant to heavy metals so that we can utilize appropriate plant species in the rehabilitation of contaminated areas. Therefore, in the present review attempts have been made to evaluate the effects of increasing level of heavy metal in soils on the key behavior of hydrolytic and nitrogen assimilation enzymes. Additionally, it also provides a broad overview of the strategies adopted by plants against heavy metal stress.  相似文献   

18.
This work aimed to evaluate the phytoremediation capacity of the alfalfa cultivar Crioula in soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), primary pollutants with mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. Alfalfa was grown from seed for 40 days on soil amended with anthracene, pyrene, and phenanthrene. Soil and plant tissue was collected for biometric assay, dry mass analysis, and PAH analysis by liquid chromatography. Increased total PAH concentration was associated with decreases in plant biomass, height, and internode length. The Crioula cultivar had a satisfactory phytoremediation effect, reducing total PAH concentration (300 ppm) in the experimental soil by 85% in 20 days, and by more than 95% in 40 days. The PAH showed a tendency to be removed in the temporal order: phenanthrene before pyrene before anthracene, and the removal ratio was influenced by the initial soil concentration of each PAH.  相似文献   

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